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Identifying Functional MicroRNAs in Macrophages with Polarized Phenotypes
Open accessAbstract
Macrophages respond to external stimuli with rapid changes in expression of many genes. Different combinations of external stimuli lead to distinct polarized activation patterns, resulting in a spectrum of possible macrophage activation phenotypes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can repress the expression of many target genes. We hypothesized that miRNAs play a role in macrophage polarization. miRNA expression profiles were determined in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) incubated in conditions causing activation toward M1, M2a, M2b, or M2c phenotypes. One miRNA guide strand and seven miRNA passenger strands were significantly altered. Changes were confirmed in MDMs from six separate donors. The amplitude of miRNA expression changes in MDMs was smaller than described studies of monocytes responding to inflammatory stimuli. Further investigation revealed this correlated with higher basal miRNA expression in MDMs compared with monocytes. The regulation of M1- and M2b-responsive miRNAs (miR-27a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-222) was similar in differentiated THP-1 cells and primary MDMs. Studies in this model revealed cross-talk between IFNγ- and LPS-associated pathways regulating miRNA expression. Furthermore, expression of M1-associated transcripts was increased in THP-1 cells transfected with mimics of miR-29b, miR-125a-5p, or miR-155. The apparent inflammatory property of miR-29b and miR-125a-5p can be at least partially explained by repression of TNFAIP3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. Overall, these data suggest miRNAs can contribute to changes in macrophage gene expression that occur in different exogenous activating conditions. Macrophages respond to external stimuli with rapid changes in expression of many genes. Different combinations of external stimuli lead to distinct polarized activation patterns, resulting in a spectrum of possible macrophage activation phenotypes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can repress the expression of many target genes. We hypothesized that miRNAs play a role in macrophage polarization. miRNA expression profiles were determined in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) incubated in conditions causing activation toward M1, M2a, M2b, or M2c phenotypes. One miRNA guide strand and seven miRNA passenger strands were significantly altered. Changes were confirmed in MDMs from six separate donors. The amplitude of miRNA expression changes in MDMs was smaller than described studies of monocytes responding to inflammatory stimuli. Further investigation revealed this correlated with higher basal miRNA expression in MDMs compared with monocytes. The regulation of M1- and M2b-responsive miRNAs (miR-27a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-222) was similar in differentiated THP-1 cells and primary MDMs. Studies in this model revealed cross-talk between IFNγ- and LPS-associated pathways regulating miRNA expression. Furthermore, expression of M1-associated transcripts was increased in THP-1 cells transfected with mimics of miR-29b, miR-125a-5p, or miR-155. The apparent inflammatory property of miR-29b and miR-125a-5p can be at least partially explained by repression of TNFAIP3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. Overall, these data suggest miRNAs can contribute to changes in macrophage gene expression that occur in different exogenous activating conditions.
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“They noticed increases of miR-125a-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-155-3p in M1, miR-193b in M2a, miR-27a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-155-3p in M2b and decreases of miR-26a-2-3p, and miR-29b-1-5p in both M1 and M2a.”
From MicroRNAs as Regulators of Phagocytosis (2022) · cites this paper as [195]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Graff, J. W., Dickson, A. M., Clay, G., McCaffrey, A. P., & Wilson, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, Mary E.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 287
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 21816-21825
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3381144
- OpenAlex
- W2077124851
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007337)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI076233, R01AI045540, T32AI007343, R01AI067874, R21AI080801, T32AI007511)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- macrophage polarization, microRNA, monocyte-derived macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, miR-29b, miR-125a-5p, miR-155, miR-27a, miR-222, miR-146a, miR-296, interferon-gamma signaling, LPS signaling, A20, NF-κB signaling, THP-1 cells, miRNA mimics
- MeSH terms
- Cell Differentiation, Humans, Inflammation, Interferon-gamma, Leukocytes, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Monocytes, Phenotype, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cytokines, Chemokines, MicroRNAs, Cell Line, Tumor, HEK293 Cells
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