Cited by 1,172Biochemical Acid Research StudiesMitochondrial Function and PathologyMicrobial metabolism and enzyme function

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Key Role of Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis for Citric Acid Cycle Function

Open access

Owen, Oliver E., Kalhan, Satish C., Hanson, Richard W.·2002·Journal of Biological Chemistry

DOI 10.1074/jbc.r200006200

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

tricarboxylic acid cycle phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase phosphoenolpyruvate The oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2by the TCA1 cycle is the central process in energy metabolism. However, the TCA cycle also functions in biosynthetic pathways in which intermediates leave the cycle to be converted primarily to glucose, fatty acids, or non-essential amino acids. If TCA cycle anions are removed from the cycle they must be replaced to permit its continued function. This process is termed anaplerosis. Pyruvate carboxylase, which generates oxalacetate directly in the mitochondria, is the major anaplerotic enzyme. Conversely, 4- and 5-carbon intermediates enter the TCA cycle during the catabolism of amino acids. Because the TCA cycle cannot fully oxidize 4- and 5-carbon compounds, these intermediates must be removed from the cycle by a process termedcataplerosis. Cataplerosis may be linked to biosynthetic processes such as gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidney cortex, fatty acid synthesis in the liver, and glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue. Cataplerotic enzymes present in many mammalian tissues include P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and citrate lyase. In this review we have evaluated the roles of anaplerosis and cataplerosis in whole body metabolism. The expression anaplerotic sequences was a term used in biochemistry by Sir Hans Kornberg (1Kornberg H.L. Essays Biochem. 1966; 2: 1-31Crossref Scopus (359) Google Scholar) to describe a series of enzymatic reactions or pathways that replenish the pools of metabolic intermediates in the TCA cycle. These intermediates are critical for the functioning of the TCA cycle, the primary role of which is the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide. The pool of TCA cycle intermediates is sufficient to sustain the oxidative carbon flux over a fairly wide range, so that during high energy consumption (e.g. exercise) or during lower energy consumption (e.g. fasting), there is not a large change in the pool size of TCA intermediates (2Graham T.E. Gibala M.J. Richter E.A. Galbo H. Kiens B. Saltin B. Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Exercise and Diabetes. Plenum Press, New York1998: 271-286Google Scholar). However, in several physiological states, there is a large influx (anaplerosis) of 4- and 5-carbon intermediates into the TCA cycle. Because the TCA cycle cannot act as a carbon sink, anaplerosis must be coupled with the exit of intermediates from the cycle via cataplerosis. The importance of anaplerotic reactions for cellular metabolism is thus apparent. However, the coupling of this process with cataplerosis and the roles that both pathways play in the regulation of amino acid, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism have not been emphasized to a sufficient extent. The terms anaplerosis and cataplerosis describe reciprocal and correlative reactions involved in the function of the TCA cycle. The enzymatic steps in these processes have long been known, but the overall concept of a linkage between anaplerosis and cataplerosis should be underscored, because the balance between these two processes controls the entry and exit of TCA cycle anions. Anaplerotic and cataplerotic reactions are involved in the ultimate disposal of all metabolic intermediates. The metabolic role of anaplerosis and cataplerosis in amino acid metabolism varies with specific organs and is dependent on the nutritional/metabolic status of the individual. During feeding, the intestine is an important site of catabolism of enterally derived amino acids, whereas in the starved state amino acid catabolism occurs primarily in the kidney, liver, and muscle. The catabolism of amino acids produces gluconeogenic or ketogenic precursors (Table I). The disposal of gluconeogenic anions in the TCA cycle employs anaplerotic and cataplerotic pathways for their terminal oxidation. The only known pathway for the terminal oxidation of leucine is through acetoacetate to acetyl-CoA and subsequent oxidation in the TCA cycle. However, other amino acids also have for their disposal alternate ketogenic pathways for terminal oxidation. Thus, the ketogenic amino acids from proteolysis can be terminally oxidized in muscle, whereas the gluconeogenic amino acids are dependent upon anaplerosis and cataplerosis for conversion to glucose in the liver and kidney before oxidation to CO2 and H2O.Table IMetabolic fates of amino acids in the TCA cycle1. Amino acids converted to pyruvate Alanine, serine, glycine, threonine, cysteine, tryptophan2. Amino acids converted to oxaloacetate Aspartate, asparagine3. Amino acids converted to α-ketoglutarate Glutamate, glutamine, proline, histidine, arginine4. Amino acids converted to fumarate Phenylalanine, tyrosine5. Amino acids converted to succinyl-CoA Methionine, isoleucine, valine6. Amino acids converted to acetyl-CoA Leucine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine Open table in a new tab The first reaction of the TCA cycle,

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.r200006200

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Liver and kidney metabolism during prolonged starvation
Owen, O. E., Felig, P., Morgan, A. P., Wahren, J., & Cahill, G. F. (1969) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106016 · Cited by 871
Amino acid metabolism during prolonged starvation
Felig, P., Owen, O. E., Wahren, J., & Cahill, G. F. (1969) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106017 · Cited by 729
The Production and Release of Glycerol by Adipose Tissue Incubated in Vitro
Vaughan, M. M. (1962) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70821-7 · Cited by 428
Endocrinology and Metabolism
Izenstein, B. Z. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530350062036 · Cited by 357
Do the Differences between the Amino Acid Compositions of Acute-Phase and Muscle Proteins Have a Bearing on Nitrogen Loss in Traumatic States?
Reeds, P. J., Fjeld, C. R., & Jahoor, F. (1994) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/124.6.906 · Cited by 338
Quantitative analysis of amino acid oxidation and related gluconeogenesis in humans
Jungas, R. L., Halperin, M. L., & Brosnan, J. T. (1992) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.2.419 · Cited by 309
The metabolic fates of amino acids and the formation of glutamine in skeletal muscle.
Chang, T. W., & Goldberg, A. L. (1978) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34855-x · Cited by 274
Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in human muscle during prolonged exercise
Sahlin, K., Katz, A., & Broberg, S. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.5.c834 · Cited by 271
GLUTAMINE AS SOURCE MATERIAL OF URINARY AMMONIA
Slyke, D. D. V., Phillips, R. A., Hamilton, P., Archibald, R. M., Futcher, P. H., & Hiller, A. (1943) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72173-x · Cited by 208
Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from skeletal muscle. I. Glycolysis and amino acid release.
Garber, A. J., Karl, I. E., & KIPNIS, D. M. (1976) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33859-0 · Cited by 207

Show all 21 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Kornberg, 1966, Essays Biochem., 2, 1
Castillo, 1991, Am. J. Physiol., 261, E598
Gibala, 1998, Am. J. Physiol., 275, E235
Matthews, 1993, Am. J. Physiol., 264, E848
Haisch, 2000, Am. J. Physiol., 278, E593
Devapatla, 2002, Pediatr. Res., 51, 286A

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 999

Investigating the Resistance Mechanism of Wheat Varieties to Fusarium Head Blight Using Comparative Metabolomics
Dong, Y., Xia, X., Ahmad, D., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Wu, L., Jiang, P., Zhang, P., Yang, X., Li, G., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043214 · Cited by 19
“central pathway for energy generation in the cells, and multiple other biochemical pathways are connected to the TCA cycle [26].”
Background
The connection between tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme mutations and pseudohypoxic signaling in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Wang, Y., Liu, B., Li, F., Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Wang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1274239 · Cited by 18
Changes in Plasma Pyruvate and TCA Cycle Metabolites upon Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis in Male Wistar Rats
Dankel, S. N., Kalleklev, T., Tungland, S. L., Stafsnes, M. H., Bruheim, P., Aloysius, T. A., Lindquist, C., Skorve, J., Nygard, O. K., Madsen, L., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242115536 · Cited by 20
“…Wistar rats (a) did not affect the hepatic expression of Pc (the main anaplerotic enzyme by converting mitochondrial pyruvate into oxaloacetate [18]) and (b) lowered rather than increased the expression of Pepck (the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme), concomitant with lowered hepatic…”
Background
Impact of Peripheral Ketolytic Deficiency on Hepatic Ketogenesis and Gluconeogenesis during the Transition to Birth
Cotter, D. G., Erçal, B., d’Avignon, D. A., Dietzen, D. J., & Crawford, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.454868 · Cited by 18
“Upon carboxylation by pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate supplies the TCAcyclewith the intermediate oxaloacetate, which can either remain in the cycle to facilitate terminal oxidation of acetylCoAor efflux into the gluconeogenic pathway through PEPCKdependent conversion to phosphoenolpyruvate (24, 37).”
Background
Signaling Transduction and Metabolomics
Puigserver, P. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00007-x · Cited by 20
Vitamin E does not prevent Western diet-induced NASH progression and increases metabolic flux dysregulation in mice
Hasenour, C. M., Kennedy, A. J., Bednarski, T., Trenary, I. A., Eudy, B. J., da Silva, R. P., Boyd, K. L., & Young, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra119000183 · Cited by 18
“Liver CAC oxidizes acetyl-CoA derived from substrate catabolism (60) to maintain the supply of NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide hydroquinone (FADH2) for the respiratory coupling of ATP production to oxygen consumption.”
Background
NMR-based Metabolomics Analysis of Liver from C57BL/6 Mouse Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Xiao, X., Hu, M. Y., Zhang, X., & Hu, J. Z. (2017) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr14602.1 · Cited by 18
“As an intermediate of citric acid cycle, malate plays an important role in organism, formed by the addition of an –OH group on the face of fumarate (51) or formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions (52).”
Background
Robust Regression Analysis of GCMS Data Reveals Differential Rewiring of Metabolic Networks in Hepatitis B and C Patients
Simillion, C., Semmo, N., Idle, J. R., & Beyoğlu, D. (2017) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo7040051 · Cited by 18
“Amino acids are a source of cellular energy by the anaplerotic feeding of the TCA cycle via intermediates such as pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, and succinyl-CoA [51], which may explain the multiple correlations in plasma amino acid concentrations reported for fasted patients [52].”
Background
Mitochondrial aconitase is a key regulator of energy production for growth and protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Dhami, N., Trivedi, D. K., Goodacre, R., Mainwaring, D., & Humphreys, D. P. (2018) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-018-1430-0 · Cited by 17
Metabolic adaptation and oxaloacetate homeostasis in P. fluorescens exposed to aluminum toxicity
Lemire, J. A., Kumar, P. R., Mailloux, R. J., Cossar, K., & Appanna, V. D. (2008) · Journal of Basic Microbiology · doi:10.1002/jobm.200800007 · Cited by 18
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1-mediated cataplerosis is required to maintain mitochondrial fitness and to avoid kidney disease progression
Dalga, D., Rinaldi, A. M., Fu, X., Chanvillard, L., Huber, A., Faivre, A., Jaques, D. A., Berchtold, L., Boccard, J., Arnoux, G., et al. (2025) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2025.06.018 · Cited by 17
Micafungin effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolome, virulence and biofilm: potential quorum sensing inhibitor
Hijazi, D. M., Dahabiyeh, L. A., Abdelrazig, S., Alqudah, D. A., & Al‐Bakri, A. G. (2023) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-023-01523-0 · Cited by 17
Did We Get Pasteur, Warburg, and Crabtree on a Right Note?
Vadlakonda, L., Dash, A., Pasupuleti, M., Kumar, K. A., & Reddanna, P. (2013) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2013.00186 · Cited by 17
Effect of early calf-hood nutrition on the transcriptomic profile of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Holstein-Friesian bulls
English, A. M., Waters, S. M., Cormican, P., Byrne, C. J., Fair, S., & Kenny, D. A. (2018) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-018-4681-2 · Cited by 17
“Pyruvate carboxylase has been found to be overexpressed upon conversion of preadipocytes to adipocytes [65].”
Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinically Exploiting Cancer-specific Metabolism—Why Is Tumor Metabolism Not More Extensively Translated into Clinical Targets and Biomarkers?
Muthu, M., & Nordström, A. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20061385 · Cited by 16
“The TCA has several points for anaplerotic/cataplerotic reactions [15,16] and is thus a focal point for mediating the further metabolic processes required for sustaining the ATP homeostasis: for example, glycolysis (acetyl-CoA), fatty acid synthesis (citrate), fatty acid oxidation (acetyl-CoA), and glutaminolysis (α-k…”
Background
Gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism during development of Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai
Koyama, M., Furukawa, F., Koga, Y., Funayama, S., Furukawa, S., Baba, O., Lin, C.-C., Hwang, P., Moriyama, S., & Okumura, S. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00211.2019 · Cited by 17
A Proposed Concept for Defective Mitophagy Leading to Late Stage Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
van Vuren, A. J., van Beers, E. J., & van Wijk, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.609103 · Cited by 17
Glutamate-Induced Deregulation of Krebs Cycle in Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Lactic Acidosis Syndrome Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome Is Alleviated by Ketone Body Exposure
Belal, S., Goudenège, D., Bocca, C., Dumont, F., de la Barca, J. M. C., Desquiret‐Dumas, V., Guéguen, N., Geffroy, G., Benyahia, R., Kane, M. S., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071665 · Cited by 17
“The first pathway consists of generating αKG from glutamate by means of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) [35]) (Figure 6A).”
Background
Low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases glucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of rats
de França, S. A., dos Santos, M. P., da Costa, R. V. N. Q., Froelich, M., Buzelle, S. L., Chaves, V. E., Giordani, M. A., Pereira, M. P., Colodel, É. M., Andrade, C. M. B., et al. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.004 · Cited by 19
“Studies show significant amounts of glucose in BAT are used for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by anaerobic glycolysis, thus supplying the lower ATP production induced by mitochondrial uncoupling [15], and by replacement of the citric acid cycle intermediates that are important for maintaining the high…”
Background
The role of host cell physiology in the productivity of the baculovirus‐insect cell system: Fluxome analysis of Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines
Monteiro, F., Bernal, V., & Alves, P. M. (2016) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.26089 · Cited by 17
“The TCA cycle cannot act as a carbon sink, and anaplerosis must be coupled with the exit of intermediates from the cycle via cataplerosis (Owen et al., 2002).”
Background
Genetic and Functional Investigation of Zn2Cys6Transcription Factors RSE2 and RSE3 in Podospora anserina
Bovier, E., Sellem, C. H., Humbert, A., & Sainsard-Chanet, A. (2014) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00172-13 · Cited by 16
“This is performed by reactions named anaplerotic, whereas reactions linked to biosynthetic processes that remove intermediates from the cycle are called cataplerotic (48).”
Background
What induces watts in WAT?
Forest, C. D., Joffin, N., Jaubert, A., & Noirez, P. (2016) · Adipocyte · doi:10.1080/21623945.2016.1187345 · Cited by 16
“in the development of an insulin-resistance state.(145,147,148) It can be speculated that increased TCA”
Background
Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acids Enhance the Antiseizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in Rats
Takeuchi, F., Nishikata, N., Nishimura, M., Nagao, K., & Kawamura, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.637288 · Cited by 17
Mechanisms underlying neonate-specific metabolic effects of volatile anesthetics
Stokes, J., Freed, A., Bornstein, R., Su, K. N., Snell, J., Pan, A., Sun, G. X., Park, K. Y., Jung, S., Worstman, H. M., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.65400 · Cited by 16
Immunodetection of Pyruvate Carboxylase Expression in Human Astrocytomas, Glioblastomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Meningiomas
Gondáš, E., Trancikova, A. K., Dibdiaková, K., Galanda, T., Hatok, J., Račay, P., Dobrota, D., & Murín, R. (2023) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-023-03856-5 · Cited by 16
“Oxaloacetate could be converted further to several compounds such as phosphoenolpyruvate, citrate, aspartate, malate or pyruvate [20].”
Background
The Odyssey of a Young Gene: Structure–Function Studies in Human Glutamate Dehydrogenases Reveal Evolutionary-Acquired Complex Allosteric Regulation Mechanisms
Zaganas, I. V., Kanavouras, K., Borompokas, N., Arianoglou, G., Dimovasili, C., Latsoudis, H., Vlassi, M., & Mastorodemos, V. C. (2014) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1251-0 · Cited by 18
“after a protein meal), GDH is activated by L-leucine and feeds the Krebs cycle with the excess glutamate (direct effect) or the excess amount of other related amino acids (indirect effect; through conversion of these amino acids to glutamate; [8]), especially under conditions of energy deficit (low ADP levels).”
Metabolic stress regulates ERK activity by controlling KSR‐RAF heterodimerization
Verlande, A., Krafčíková, M., Potěšil, D., Trantı́rek, L., Zdráhal, Z., Elkalaf, M., Trnka, J., Souček, K., Rauch, N., Rauch, J., et al. (2017) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201744524 · Cited by 16
“In proliferating cells, the TCA cycle functions predominantly as a biosynthetic pathway rather than a bioenergetic one, using glutamine as a main carbon source to produce biomass [16].”
What Constitutes a Gluconeogenic Precursor?
Tetrick, M. A., & Odle, J. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa166 · Cited by 16
Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome
Ji, J., & Greenberg, M. L. (2021) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1002/jimd.12447 · Cited by 16
“Examples include amino acids that are converted to TCA cycle intermediates.(144) In addition, decreased TCA cycle metabolism, impaired OXPHOS, increased glycolysis/fermentation, and decreased PDH activity in CL-deficient cells are linked through the redox balance between NAD and NADH and indicate a decreased NAD/NADH…”
Background
Expression of Escherichia coli malic enzyme gene in Zymomonas mobilis for production of malic acid
Khandelwal, R., Srivastava, P., & Bisaria, V. S. (2022) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.04.007 · Cited by 16
Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of Epilepsy: Triheptanoin and Acetyl-l-Carnitine
Hadera, M. G., McDonald, T. S., Smeland, O. B., Meisingset, T. W., Eloqayli, H., Jaradat, S. A., Borges, K., & Sonnewald, U. (2015) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1728-5 · Cited by 16
Anaplerosis in cancer: Another step beyond the warburg effect
Ochoa-Ruiz, E., & Díaz-Ruiz, R. (2012) · American Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.4236/ajmb.2012.24031 · Cited by 17
“Although there are several enzymes that might fulfill this role (see below), two of them are well characterized: pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and glutaminase (GLS) (Figure 1) [28].”
Background
Context Dependent Regulation of Human Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Isoforms by DNA Promoter Methylation and RNA Stability
Seenappa, V., Das, B., Joshi, M. B., & Satyamoorthy, K. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.25543 · Cited by 16
“PEPCK isozymes have been demonstrated to possess broader metabolic functions and actively participate in (1) gluconeogenesis in hepatic and renal tissues, (2) glyceroneogenesis in liver and adipose tissue, (3) acts as cataplerotic enzyme by removing Krebs cycle intermediates [Owen et al., 2002], and (4) exhibits anapl…”
Background
Metabolomics reveals critical adrenergic regulatory checkpoints in glycolysis and pentose–phosphate pathways in embryonic heart
Peoples, J. N., Maxmillian, T., Le, Q., Nadtochiy, S. M., Brookes, P. S., Porter, G. A., Jr., Davidson, V. L., & Ebert, S. N. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.002566 · Cited by 16
“help maintain lactate concentrations under anaerobic conditions (51-53).”
Background
Label-free quantitative proteomics of rat hypothalamus under fever induced by LPS and PGE2
Firmino, M., Weis, S. N., de Souza, J. M. F., Gomes, B. R. B., Mól, A. R., Mortari, M. R., de Souza, G. E. P., Coca, G. C., Williams, T. C. R., Fontes, W., et al. (2018) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.018 · Cited by 16
Method development and validation for the quantification of organic acids in microbial samples using anionic exchange solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Heyen, S., Scholz‐Böttcher, B. M., Rabus, R., & Wilkes, H. (2020) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-020-02883-3 · Cited by 16
The role of triiodothyronine-induced substrate cycles in the hepatic response to overnutrition: Thyroid hormone as an antioxidant
Grant, N. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.045 · Cited by 16
Basigin deficiency prevents anaplerosis and ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis
Ryuge, A., Kosugi, T., Maeda, K., Banno, R., Gou, Y., Zaitsu, K., Ito, T., Sato, Y., Hirayama, A., Tsubota, S., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.142464 · Cited by 15
Breast Cancer Cell Subtypes Display Different Metabolic Phenotypes That Correlate with Their Clinical Classification
Ripoll, C., Roldán, M., Ruedas-Rama, M. J., Orte, Á., & Martı́n, M. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10121267 · Cited by 16
“On the other hand, the transaminase pan inhibitor AOA has been traditionally used to target TCA activity because it can collapse the aspartate-malate shuttle [42,64].”
Metabolomics Reveals Novel Serum Metabolic Signatures in Gastric Cancer by a Mass Spectrometry Platform
Yu, J., Zhao, J., Yang, T., Feng, R., & Liu, L. (2023) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00295 · Cited by 15
Pyrroloquinoline quinone drives ATP synthesis in vitro and in vivo and provides retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection
Canovai, A., Tribble, J. R., Jöe, M., Westerlund, D. Y., Amato, R., Trounce, I. A., Monte, M. D., & Williams, P. A. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01642-6 · Cited by 16
“This requires the maintenance of functional mitochondria to provide a continuous supply of ATP predominantly derived from OXPHOS in mitochondria [1, 36].”
BackgroundInfluential
The effect of increasing concentrations of dl-methionine and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid on hepatic genes controlling methionine regeneration and gluconeogenesis
Zhang, Q., Bertics, S. J., Luchini, N. D., & White, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11312 · Cited by 15
Blockage of glutamine-dependent anaplerosis affects mTORC1/2 activity and ultimately leads to cellular senescence-like response
Liao, G.-Y., Lee, M., Fan, J.-J., Hsiao, P., Lee, C.-S., Su, S.-Y., Hwang, J.-J., & Ke, F. (2019) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.038257 · Cited by 18
“Mitochondrial cataplerotic activity relies greatlyon glutamine-dependent anaplerosis through incorporating glutamine-derived α KG to replenish the pools of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and maintain mitochondrial functions (DeBerardinis et al., 2008; Owen et al., 2002).”
Genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency
Goetz, M., Schröter, J., Dattner, T., Brennenstuhl, H., Lenz, D., Opladen, T., Hörster, F., Okun, J. G., Hoffmann, G. F., Kölker, S., et al. (2022) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.007 · Cited by 15
Differential glutamine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment – studies in diversity and heterogeneity: A mini-review
Claiborne, M. D., & Leone, R. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1011191 · Cited by 16
“Conversion of glutamine to glutamate via glutaminase (GLS) with subsequent conversion to alpha ketoglutarate (a-KG) allows for entry of glutamine-derived carbons into the TCA cycle to replenish intermediates that have been extracted for other biosynthetic reactions (25).”
Background
Health effects of kiwi wine on rats: an untargeted metabolic fingerprint study based on GC-MS/TOF
Zeng, Q., Song, H., Xu, X., Mao, W., Xie, H., Liang, J., Chen, X., Chen, D., & Zhan, Y. (2019) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c9ra02138h · Cited by 15
Expression of genes related to energy metabolism and the unfolded protein response in dairy cow mammary cells is affected differently during dietary supplementation with energy from protein and fat.
Nichols, K., Dijkstra, J., van Laar, H., Kim, J. M., Cant, J., & Bannink, A. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15875 · Cited by 13
Changes in hypothermal stress-induced hepatic mitochondrial metabolic patterns between fresh water- and seawater-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos
Chang, C.-H., Liu, Z.-Z., & Lee, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55055-4 · Cited by 15
A Serum Metabolic Profiling Analysis During the Formation of Fatty Liver in Landes Geese via GC-TOF/MS
Gong, Y., Lyu, W., Shi, X., Zou, X., Lu, L., Yang, H., & Xiao, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.581699 · Cited by 15
Reconsideration of the significance of substrate‐level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle *
Lambeth, D. (2006) · Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education · doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.49403401021 · Cited by 12
Mitochondrial acute oxygen sensing and signaling
López‐Barneo, J., & Ortega‐Sáenz, P. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2021.2004575 · Cited by 14
“In this anaplerotic reaction (Owen et al. 2002), Pcx utilizes biotin, a cofactor which is stored in high quantities in CB glomus cells and in lesser amounts in AM chromaffin cells (OrtegaSaenz et al. 2016).”
BackgroundMethod
tcaSIM: A Simulation Program for Optimal Design of 13C Tracer Experiments for Analysis of Metabolic Flux by NMR and Mass Spectroscopy
Alger, J. R., Sherry, A. D., & Malloy, C. R. (2018) · Current Metabolomics · doi:10.2174/2213235x07666181219115856 · Cited by 15
Hyperammonemia after capecitabine associated with occult impairment of the urea cycle
Chu, G., & Salzman, J. (2019) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.2036 · Cited by 14
Targeting the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier for Neuroprotection
Tang, B. L. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9090238 · Cited by 15
“Given the apparently critical importance of mitochondrial pyruvate transport, would there be sufficient room for maneuver in engaging MPCs as drug targets? Would MPC inhibition detrimentally diminish ATP production or critically paralyze the TCA cycle’s energetic and anaplerotic [73] roles? Studies with MPC silencing…”
Background
Biochemical elucidation of citrate accumulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via kinetic analysis of aconitase
Nishii, M., Ito, S., Katayama, N., & Osanai, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96432-2 · Cited by 14
Estrogens and Progestins Cooperatively Shift Breast Cancer Cell Metabolism
Ward, A. V., Matthews, S. B., Fettig, L. M., Riley, D., Finlay-Schultz, J., Vinod-Paul, K., Jackman, M. R., Kabos, P., MacLean, P. S., & Sartorius, C. A. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14071776 · Cited by 14
WNT/β-Catenin-Mediated Resistance to Glucose Deprivation in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells
Yusuf, S., Aretz, P., Nickel, A., Westhoff, P., Sharma, A., Qin, N., Remke, M., Steiger, H., Hänggi, D., Liu, H., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14133165 · Cited by 14
“The glucogenic amino acid alanine was significantly reduced in starved cell lines, most likely due to anaplerosis [33], whereas other glucogenic amino acids (such as glutamate, 5-oxoproline, methionine, and aspartate) showed no changes.”
Background
Mitochondrial signal transduction in pancreatic β-cells
Maechler, P. (2012) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2012.07.003 · Cited by 14
From atoms to proteins
Schmidt, A., & Lamzin, V. S. (2007) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7195-7 · Cited by 14
Metabolomic profiles delineate mycolactone signature in Buruli ulcer disease
Niang, F., Sarfo, F. S., Frimpong, M., Guenin‐Macé, L., Wansbrough-Jones, M. H., Stinear, T. P., Phillips, R. O., & Demangel, C. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep17693 · Cited by 19
“It requires equilibrated anaplerosis and cata-plerosis (for entry and exit of TCA anions, respectively) 27 .”
Association of the promoter polymorphism −232C/G of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gouni‐Berthold, I., Giannakidou, E., Faust, M., Berthold, H. K., & Krone, W. (2006) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01819.x · Cited by 13
1.4 The Cerebral Tricarboxylic Acid Cycles
Rodrigues, T. B., & Cerdán, S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30411-3_4 · Cited by 14
Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required for neuron growth and motor functionin vivo
Baytaş, O., Davidson, S. M., DeBerardinis, R. J., & Morrow, E. M. (2021) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab269 · Cited by 14
Investigating the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolome, virulence factors and biofilm formation as potential quorum sensing inhibitors
Al-Saafin, B. A., Al‐Bakri, A. G., Abdelrazig, S., & Dahabiyeh, L. A. (2023) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106057 · Cited by 13
Amino acids and the changing face of the α-cell
Hamilton, A., Eliasson, L., & Knudsen, J. G. (2023) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171039 · Cited by 14
“All amino acids are potentially capable of exerting metabolic effects as they feed into the anaplerotic pathways of the TCA cycle [28].”
Background
Brain Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target for Carnosic Acid
Infantino, V., Pappalardo, I., Santarsiero, A., Tripathi, S., Singh, G., & de Oliveira, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2303053 · Cited by 13
“TCA cycle intermediates serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of various molecules, including heme and macromolecules [ 17], and act as signaling molecules in epigenetics, immunity, hypoxic response, and cell homeostasis [18–23].”
Early Sepsis Metabolic Changes in Kidney and Liver Precede Clinical Evidence of Organ Dysfunction
McCann, M. R., Fry, C., Maile, M. D., Farkash, E. A., Cummings, B. C., Flott, T. L., McLellan, L. A., Puskarich, M. A., Jones, A. E., Sjoding, M. W., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2024-0391oc · Cited by 12
Metabolic rewiring caused by mitochondrial dysfunction promotes mTORC1-dependent skeletal aging
Bubb, K., Etich, J., Probst, K., Parashar, T. R., Schütter, M., Dethloff, F., Reincke, S., Nolte, J. L., Krüger, M., Schlötzer-Schrehard, U., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads1842 · Cited by 14
“These results suggest that TCA cycle metabolites enter amino acid biosynthesis pathways to generate a unique profile of amino acids in cartilage when the chondrocyte mtRC is dysfunctional in vivo presumably to sustain protein synthesis reactions required for skeletal growth ( 11 ).”
Long chain omega-3 fatty acids: Micronutrients in disguise
Innis, S. M., Novak, E. M., & Keller, B. O. (2012) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2012.05.007 · Cited by 13
Pattern recognition of amino acids based on highly fluorescent SDS modified pyridyl thiazole derivative
Gujar, V., Roshni, V., Suryawanshi, M., Bobade, V. D., & Ottoor, D. P. (2020) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.127840 · Cited by 13
Gibberellic Acid Induces Unique Molecular Responses in ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapes as Revealed by Non-targeted Metabolomics
Jadhav, U., Mundhe, S., Kumar, Y., Satisha, J., Upadhyay, A., Gupta, V. S., & Kadoo, N. Y. (2020) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-020-10102-7 · Cited by 13
Impact of post-ruminally infused macronutrients on bovine mammary gland expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis measured in RNA isolated from milk fat
Nichols, K., Bannink, A., van Baal, J., & Dijkstra, J. (2020) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-020-00456-z · Cited by 13
Radiation exposure and mitochondrial insufficiency in chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome
Rusin, A., Li, M., Cocchetto, A. M., Seymour, C. B., & Mothersill, C. E. (2021) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110647 · Cited by 13
An Update on the Metabolic Landscape of Oncogenic Viruses
Gaballah, A. H., & Bartosch, B. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14235742 · Cited by 13
NanoLC MALDI MS/MS based quantitative metabolomics reveals the alteration of membrane biogenesis in oral cancer
Bag, S., Dutta, D., Chaudhary, A., Sing, B. C., Banerjee, R., Pal, M., Paul, R. R., Basak, A., Das, A. K., Ray, A. K., et al. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra07001a · Cited by 13
Molecular Differences in Hepatic Metabolism between AA Broiler and Big Bone Chickens: A Proteomic Study
Zheng, A., Chang, W., Liu, G., Yue, Y., Li, J., Zhang, S., Cai, H., Yang, A., & Chen, Z. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164702 · Cited by 13
Inhibition of mTOR complexes protects cancer cells from glutamine starvation induced cell death by restoring Akt stability
Khan, M. W., Layden, B. T., & Chakrabarti, P. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.013 · Cited by 13
Plasma metabolomics pilot study suggests age and sex-based differences in the metabolic response to traumatic injury
Lusczek, E. R., Myers, C., Popovsky, K., Mulier, K. E., Beilman, G. J., & Sawyer, R. G. (2018) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2018.09.033 · Cited by 13
Eating in silence: isotopic approaches to nuns’ diet at the convent of Santa Catalina de Siena (Belmonte, Spain) from the sixteenth to the twentieth century
Šarkić, N., López, J. H., López‐Costas, O., & Grandal‐d'Anglade, A. (2018) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-018-0734-3 · Cited by 12
“…observed that in diets with low protein content, carbohydrates contributed to δ13C in the body protein of the consumer (Ambrose and Norr 1993), probably due to cataplerotic reactions—that is, the routing of glycolysis and citric acid cycle intermediates to produce amino acids (Owen et al. 2002).”
Background
In Vivo Assessment of Oxygen Consumption via Deuterium Magnetic Resonance
Mateescu, G. D., Ye, A., Flask, C. A., Erokwu, B. O., & Duerk, J. L. (2011) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7756-4_26 · Cited by 13
Utilization of Amino Acid-Rich Wastes for Microbial Lipid Production
Kamal, R., Shen, H., Li, Q., Wang, Q., Yu, X., & Zhao, Z. K. (2020) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-020-03296-9 · Cited by 13
How Gut Microbes Nurture Intestinal Stem Cells: A Drosophila Perspective
Neophytou, C., & Pitsouli, C. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12020169 · Cited by 14
“Glutamine, as a substrate molecule for the rate-limiting enzyme glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (Gfat) [80], is used to control the nutrient-responsive hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [81].”
Background
Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Anaplerosis
Öz, G., Okar, D. A., & Henry, P. (2011) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_32 · Cited by 13
Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveal dynamic purine metabolism in soy whey fermented by yeast
Chu, C., Zhou, D., Men, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Fan, H., He, Y., Zhao, X., & Liu, H. (2025) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145422 · Cited by 12
Chapter 5: Moving from a complete energy balance towards substrate oxidation: use of stable isotopes
van den Borne, J. J. G. C., Heetkamp, M. J. W., Alferink, S. J. J., & Gerrits, W. J. J. (2015) · Wageningen Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-261-0_5 · Cited by 12
Insights into the malfunctioning of the mitochondrial citrate carrier: Implications for cell pathology
Zara, V., Assalve, G., & Ferramosca, A. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166758 · Cited by 12
Hyperlactatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis is common and can be prolonged: lactate time-series from 25 intensive care admissions
Morgan, T. J., Scott, P., Anstey, C., & Bowling, F. G. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-020-00532-9 · Cited by 12
Differential liver histopathological responses to amphibian chytrid infection
Salla, R. F., Jones-Costa, M., Abdalla, F., Pinto-Vidal, F. A., Boeing, G., Oliveira, C., Silva-Zacarín, E. C. M., Franco‐Belussi, L., Rizzi-Possignolo, G., Lambertini, C., et al. (2020) · Diseases of Aquatic Organisms · doi:10.3354/dao03541 · Cited by 12
Serum metabolomics analysis reveals increased lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic Gilbert's syndrome individuals
Hana, C. A., Tran, L. V., Mölzer, C., Müllner, E., Hörmann-Wallner, M., Franzke, B., Tosevska, A., Zöhrer, P. A., Doberer, D., Marculescu, R., et al. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154913 · Cited by 12
Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart
Schenkl, C., Heyne, E., Doenst, T., Schulze, P. C., & Nguyễn, T. D. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13041027 · Cited by 12
“Because intermediates of the TCA cycle are also consumed by anabolic reactions (cataplerosis) [39,40], they need to be constantly replenished by anaplerotic pathways to maintain cycle activity.”
Background
NMR-based metabolomic analysis for the effects of creatine supplementation on mouse myoblast cell line C2C12
Xu, W., Lin, D., & Huang, C. (2017) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmx043 · Cited by 12
“All of these amino acids can be utilized as alternative sources of TCA cycle anaplerosis [37].”
Background
Transcriptome signature for dietary fructose-specific changes in rat renal cortex: A quantitative approach to physiological relevance
Gonzalez‐Vicente, A., Garvin, J. L., & Hopfer, U. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201293 · Cited by 12
Response of Paracoccidioides Lutzii to the Antifungal Camphene Thiosemicarbazide Determined by Proteomic Analysis
Silva, K. S. E., Neto, B. R. D. S., Zambuzzi-Carvalho, P. F., de Oliveira, C. M., Pires, L. B., Kato, L., Bailão, A. M., Parente-Rocha, J. A., Hernández, O., McEwen, J. G., et al. (2018) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb-2018-0176 · Cited by 12
Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome–related gene expression in skeletal muscle of dairy cows with high or normal body condition score around calving
Ghaffari, M. H., Schuh, K., Dusel, G., Frieten, D., Koch, C., Prehn, C. P., Adamski, J., Sauerwein, H., & Sadri, H. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17130 · Cited by 12
“Thus, it is also likely that a greater protein turnover in the muscle of HBCS cows plays a role in supporting glucose and lipid oxidation, a process known as anaplerosis, which seems to be more important than its direct contribution to energy supply (Owen et al., 2002; White, 2015).”
Background
Transcriptome of Chicken Liver Tissues Reveals the Candidate Genes and Pathways Responsible for Adaptation into Two Different Climatic Conditions
Kumar, H., Iskender, A. U., Srikanth, K., Kim, H., Zhunushov, A. T., Choo, H.-J., Jang, G. W., Lim, Y., Song, K., & Park, J. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9121076 · Cited by 12
“It plays an important role in adapting to low levels of oxygen [43].”
Background
Effect of temperature on 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)-induced metabolome disruption in primary mouse hepatic cells
Araújo, A. M., Bastos, M. D. L., Carvalho, F. D., de Pinho, P. G., & Carvalho, M. C. (2020) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2020.152503 · Cited by 12
Triheptanoin Mitigates Brain ATP Depletion and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Yuan, X., Wang, L., Tandon, N., Sun, H., Tian, J., Du, H., Pascual, J. M., & Guo, L. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200594 · Cited by 12
“This process is balanced via the supply of carbon to the TCA cycle via anaplerotic reactions, which maintain the levels of cycle intermediates required for optimal cycle activity[47].”
Insights into an adipocyte whitening program
Hill, B. G. (2014) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/21623945.2014.960351 · Cited by 12
“Metabolomics analysis also identified elevated levels of the Krebs cycle intermediates malate and succinate, which may be particularly important for fat storage: malate is known to be used for the cataplerotic production of precursors of glycerol-3-phosphate, which is used for fat esterification18; and the higher leve…”
Background
Unmeasured anions: the unknown unknowns
Venkatesh, B., & Morgan, T. J. (2008) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc6768 · Cited by 12
“Elevations must be considered within the context of anaplerosis and cataplerosis [15], which combine to maintain adequate concentrations of TCA intermediates.”
Significance of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Reproductive Physiology: Current and Emerging Horizons in Mitochondrial Therapy for Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Gamage, U. S. K., & Morimoto, Y. (2025) · Reproductive Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1002/rmb2.12672 · Cited by 13
“Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle, producing key intermediates like α-ketoglutarate and succinate that contribute to biosynthesis and cellular signaling [16].”

Authors: Owen, O. E., Kalhan, S. C., & Hanson, R. W.
Affiliations: MetroHealth Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Owen, Oliver E.
ORCID: Kalhan, Satish C.
Venue: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 277
Issue: 34
Pages: 30409-30412
ISSN: 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r200006200
OpenAlex: W2134294998
Cited by: 1,172
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 6.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 6663 d)
Locations: Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-58620, R01DK058620)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD11089)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Biochemical Acid Research Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Keywords: anaplerosis, cataplerosis, TCA cycle, TCA cycle intermediates, pyruvate carboxylase, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, glyceroneogenesis, amino acid catabolism, glutamate dehydrogenase
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Amino Acids, Animals, Citric Acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Glutamine, Humans, Intestine, Small, Kidney, Triglycerides, Muscle, Skeletal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Key Role of Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis for Citric Acid Cycle Function

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks