Food intake and energy expenditure of army recruits
Open accessAbstract
1. The food intake of sixty-four infantry recruits was measured at six centres during 3 weeks of initial training. The daily energy expenditure was measured in thirty-five of these men. 2. The mean daily consumption of the sixty-four subjects provided them with 3850 kcal (16110 kJ); the energy expenditure of the thirty-five subjects averaged 3750 kcal (15690 kJ). 3. Serial auto- and cross-correlations of intake and expenditure were very small and there was no significant relationship between food intake and energy expenditure on the same day. 4. The intakes and expenditures of different subjects at the same centre were not independent. 5. There was a significant relationship between intake and expenditure for the whole period of the survey when results for all subjects were included. In three centres the correlation was high, +0.788 (P < 0.001), but was only + 0.083 (P < 0.5) in the remaining three centres. 6. There was a positive but not significant correlation between body-weight and the average food intake of 6 d. 7. There was a negative correlation between body-weight and calorie balance. 8. Weight change and calorie balance over 1 week were related, the correlation averaging 0.40. There was a correlation of 0.32 between daily weight changes and calorie balance. A rather small amount of variation in calorie balance can be explained by contemporary changes in weight.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous studies found day-to-day variability in ad libitum energy intake with a standard deviation of about 500-600 kcal/d.
“This sample size calculation was informed by previous studies measuring day to day variability of ad libitum energy intake having a standard deviation of about 500–600 kcal/d (Bray et al., 2008; Edholm et al., 1970; Tarasuk and Beaton, 1992).”
From Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake (2019) · cites this paper as Edholm et al., 1970
The Results (p. 1097) analyse day-to-day variation in recruits’ energy intake, and the Discussion (Vol. 24) describes the variation as strikingly large. However, the retrieved passages do not report an intake standard deviation of about 500–600 kcal/day; the Dietary survey (p. 1095) describes meals served to recruits rather than explicitly identifying the intake as ad libitum. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The energy expenditure and food intake of individual men.
Edholm, O. G., Fletcher, J. G., Widdowson, E. M., & McCance, R. A. (1955) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19550040 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Self-citationNervous Regulation of Food Intake
Anand, B. K. (1961) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1961.41.4.677 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Durnin, J. V. G. A., & Brockway, J. M. (1959) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19590007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
A 5-year study of the daily food consumption of South African university students
Walker, S. E. (1965) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19650001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
‘Appetite’ and the relationships between expenditure and intake of calories in man
Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1961) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006676 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Wolff, H. S. (1958) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1958.sp001330 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationThe energy expenditure and food intake of middle-aged Glasgow housewives and their adult daughters
Durnin, J. V. G. A., Blake, E. C., & Brockway, J. M. (1957) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19570017 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Some metabolic consequences of adaptation to muscular work
Pařízková, J., & Poupa, O. (1963) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19630037 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
THE RELATION BETWEEN CALORIE INTAKE AND BODY-WEIGHT IN MAN
Thomson, A. M. W., Billewicz, W. Z., & PASSMORE, R. (1961) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)91832-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR TIME AND MOTION STUDY IN PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Wolff, H. S. (1959) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140135908930449 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEnergy requirements of military personnel during basic training.
Consolazio, C. F., Jm, H., Oc, J., et al. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [15]15. Wolff, H. S. (1959). Ergonomics 2, 354. 10, 1133. Coun. no. 289. Printed in Great Britain https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19700112 Published online by Cambridge University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hall, K. D., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R., Cai, H., Cassimatis, T., Chen, K. Y., Chung, S. T., Costa, E., Courville, A., Darcey, V., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Obesity energetics: body weight regulation and the effects of diet composition
Hall, K. D., & Guo, J. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.052 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Metabolic and Behavioral Compensatory Responses to Exercise Interventions: Barriers to Weight Loss
King, N. A., Caudwell, P., Hopkins, M., Byrne, N. M., Colley, R., Hills, A. P., Stubbs, J. R., & Blundell, J. E. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.164 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Hall, K. D., Guo, J., Courville, A. B., Boring, J., Brychta, R., Chen, K. Y., Darcey, V., Forde, C. G., Gharib, A. M., Gallagher, I., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01209-1 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Polidori, D., Sanghvi, A., Seeley, R. J., & Hall, K. D. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21653 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The drive to eat in homo sapiens: Energy expenditure drives energy intake
Blundell, J. E., Gibbons, C., Beaulieu, K., Casanova, N., Duarte, C., Finlayson, G., Stubbs, R. J., & Hopkins, M. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112846 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The Effects of Exercise on Food Intake and Body Fatness: A Summary of Published Studies
Elder, S. J., & Roberts, S. B. (2008) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00263.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sukhatme, P. V., & Margen, S. (1978) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.7.1237 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Does adaptive thermogenesis occur after weight loss in adults? A systematic review
Nunes, C. L., Casanova, N., Francisco, R., Bosy-Westphal, A., Hopkins, M., Sardinha, L. B., & Silva, A. M. (2022) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521001094 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Short and long-term energy intake patterns and their implications for human body weight regulation
Chow, C. C., & Hall, K. D. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.044 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Behavioral genetics of food intake regulation in free-living humans
de Castro, J. M. (1999) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00114-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Edholm, O. G., Adam, J. M., Healy, M. J. R., Wolff, H. S., Goldsmith, R., & Best, T. W.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Medical Research (GB)
- ORCID
- Goldsmith, R.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1970-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1091-1107
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2056706838
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- dietary intake, energy expenditure, military recruits, infantry training, energy balance, body weight, weight change, military nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Weight, Diet, Physical Exertion, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Male, Metabolism, Military Medicine, Oxygen Consumption
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
