The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
Open accessAbstract
Emeritus of Mathematics and Statistics at
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 · Cited by 6,567
(1947) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1947.10501534 · Cited by 3,745
The Abuse of Power: The Pervasive Fallacy of Power Calculations for Data Analysis
Hoenig, J. M., & Heisey, D. M. (2001) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313001300339897 · Cited by 2,046
Statistics notes: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7003.485 · Cited by 1,946
Smithson, M. J. (2000) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446218525 · Cited by 1,871
Bayesian statistical inference for psychological research.
Edwards, W., Lindman, H., & Savage, L. J. (1963) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0044139 · Cited by 1,734
Scientific method: Statistical errors
Nuzzo, R. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/506150a · Cited by 1,536
Why Most Discovered True Associations Are Inflated
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31818131e7 · Cited by 1,495
Sterne, J. A. C. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7280.226 · Cited by 1,466
Contradicted and Initially Stronger Effects in Highly Cited Clinical Research
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.2.218 · Cited by 1,465
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Leek, J. (2014), “On the Scalability of Statistical Procedures: Why the p-Value Bashers Just Don't Get It,” Simply Statistics Blog, Available at http://simplystatistics.org/2014/02/14/on-the-scalability-of-statistical-procedures-why-the-p-value-bashers-just-dont-get-it/.
- Gelman A. and Loken E. (2014) “The Statistical Crisis in Science [online] ” American Scientist 102. Available at http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2014/6/the-statistical-crisis-in-science · DOI · Paper page
- Greenland, S., and Poole, C. (2011), “Problems in Common Interpretations of Statistics in Scientific Articles, Expert Reports, and Testimony,” Jurimetrics, 51, 113–129.
- 10.1214/13-AOS1123 · DOI
- Lavine, M. (1999), “What is Bayesian Statistics and Why Everything Else is Wrong,” UMAP Journal, 20, 2.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 4,601–4,700 of 6,272
Hooper, M. (2017) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 1
Abarca-Álvarez, F. J., Esteban, R. M., & Sánchez, F. S. C. (2018) · Teknokultura Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales · doi:10.5209/tekn.57194 · Cited by 1
Couto, M., Sanjurjo‐Sánchez, J., & Alves, C. (2018) · Advances in Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1155/2018/5706404 · Cited by 1
Windt, J., Nielsen, R. O., & Zumbo, B. D. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099427 · Cited by 1
Newman, M. C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809642-0.00005-4 · Cited by 1
A New Look at Lake Wobegon: Who’s in Your Canoe?
Bollinger, C., Emerson, T. L. N., English, L., et al. (2018) · AEA Papers and Proceedings · doi:10.1257/pandp.20181055 · Cited by 1
Harries, B., Filiatrault, L., & Abu‐Laban, R. B. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1017/cem.2018.379 · Cited by 1
“The dynamic method of continuous interpretation used in control charts provides a different basis for predicting future performance than classic statistical significance testing and p-values.(5,13,14) Similar to a census, the original study allowed a valid description, specifically an estimate of the number of patient…”
MethodYang, X., & Guo, Y. (2018) · Translational bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8764-6_13 · Cited by 1
A Conceptual Use of ICT to Approach Municipal Waste Problem
Wagh, P. P. (2017) · International Journal for Infonomics · doi:10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2017.0167 · Cited by 1
“A p-value > 0.05 suggests no significant difference between the means of sample populations and investigator would not reject null hypothesis [15].”
BackgroundInfluentialMcCann, M. H., & Habiger, J. (2018) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2018.1497538 · Cited by 1
Infrazygomatic mini-implant penetration into the maxillary sinus
Valladares‐Neto, J., & Evangelista, K. (2018) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.009 · Cited by 1
Kelley, D. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8844-0_2 · Cited by 1
Pressure statistics from the path integral for Darcy flow through random porous media
Westbroek, M. J. E., Coche, G.-A., King, P. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ab1100 · Cited by 1
“f magnitude of ˘=xbelow which R(x) is approximately Gaussian. To do so, we made use of the Kolmogorov{Smirnov (KS) test, which is a statistical test that determines the probability (or \p-value" [48]) that a data sample follows a given distribution (onesided test), as well as the probability that two data sets fo…”
MethodEasy as pie. How not to treat statistics
Krichevec, A. N. (2018) · Social Psychology and Society · doi:10.17759/sps.2018090320 · Cited by 1
Leisman, D. E. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003420 · Cited by 1
Tests of Matrix Structure for Construct Validation
Segal, B. D., Braun, T., Gonzalez, R., et al. (2018) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-018-9647-4 · Cited by 1
Guttery, M. R., & Caudill, D. (2018) · Rangelands · doi:10.1016/j.rala.2018.11.005 · Cited by 1
Presidential address: Six open questions to genetic epidemiologists
König, I. R. (2019) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22191 · Cited by 1
Health Measurement Development and Interpretation
Firth, A., Bryant, D., Ménétrey, J., et al. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58254-1_13 · Cited by 2
Increasing the confidence (intervals) in dermatology research
Wehner, M. R. (2019) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.17460 · Cited by 1
Spinal cord stimulation for failed back surgery: all that glitters is not gold
Erazo‐Tapia, E., Tameeris, E., Fokkema, T., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001605 · Cited by 1
O’Connor, D. P. (2019) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000000870 · Cited by 1
Vacca, G., & Maria, G. Z. (2019) · The R Journal · doi:10.32614/rj-2019-016 · Cited by 1
Adu, P. (2019) · Open Collections · doi:10.14288/1.0378330 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, more recently, the American Statistical Association has warned that “scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold” (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016, p.131).”
BackgroundMurphy, K. R. (2019) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v45i0.1717 · Cited by 2
“A series of recent articles (Amrhein, Greenland, & McShane, 2019; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016; Wasserstein, Schirm, & Lazar, 2019) in highprofile journals (e.g. Nature and American Statistician) have accomplished three things that decades of research papers and chapters of previous critics of NHST…”
BackgroundChidlow, A., Greene, W. H., & Miller, S. R. (2019) · JIBS special collections · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22113-3_5 · Cited by 1
LaVange, L. M. (2019) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2019.1661183 · Cited by 1
Quantifying posterior effect size distribution of susceptibility loci by common summary statistics
Vsevolozhskaya, O. A., & Zaykin, D. V. (2020) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22286 · Cited by 1
“After calculating the estimated ln(ÔR) and the posterior expectations for the selected SNP, we averaged the results across simulations and obtained (1) the expected values of the true log odds ratio that gave rise to the selected test”
MethodLes journaux médicaux scientifiques en langue française face aux défis du XXIe siècle
Laccourreye, O., Huy, P. T. B., & Maisonneuve, H. (2020) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/j.banm.2019.10.026 · Cited by 1
Glassman, A. R. (2020) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0710 · Cited by 1
Genital Powder Use and Ovarian Cancer
Harlow, B. L., Murray, E. J., & Rothman, K. J. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3858 · Cited by 1
Piroli, F., Angelini, F., D’Ascenzo, F., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.036 · Cited by 1
Młyńczak, M., Valdez, T. A., & Kukwa, W. (2021) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102614 · Cited by 2
“ecommended, we decided not to make it available in this version of the Shiny web app [17]. Also, the American Academy of Statistics has proposed that the Bayesian approach be used in similar research [35]. However, based on the presented distributions of AHI points in the studied populations, we think that adopting an…”
MethodFreeman, N., & Baldwin, I. (2020) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2020.1712591 · Cited by 1
Mueller, M. (2020) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0000000000000686 · Cited by 1
Patient physical function in rheumatoid arthritis
Gibson, K., & Pincus, T. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198831433.003.0020 · Cited by 1
COVID-19 Transmission Conclusions Justified by the Analysis Results?—Reply
Cheng, H., Ng, T.-C. V., & Lin, H.-H. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4100 · Cited by 1
Study design synopsis: Battle in the stable: Bayesianism versus Frequentism
Detilleux, J. (2020) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/evj.13351 · Cited by 1
Joining a Scholarly Conversation: Publishing Your SoTL Work
Normandeau, M., Kolomitro, K., & Maher, P. (2020) · The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning · doi:10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2020.2.9415 · Cited by 1
Ojeda-Aravena, A., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Azócar-Gallardo, J., & García‐García, J. M. (2020) · Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética · doi:10.14306/renhyd.24.4.1239 · Cited by 1
Reflecting on “A Statistician in Medicine” in 2020
Dempsey, W., & Mukherjee, B. (2020) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8830 · Cited by 1
Morris, R. O., Myers, T. D., Emmonds, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-020-00087-w · Cited by 1
Are dishonest politicians more likely to be reelected? A Bayesian view
Verschuère, B., Schryver, M. D., van den Bergh, D., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2022718118 · Cited by 1
Klauenberg, K., Müller, C. A., & Elster, C. (2021) · Statistics and Public Policy · doi:10.1080/2330443x.2021.1900762 · Cited by 1
Statistical edutainment: Putting it to the test
Lesser, L. M., & Pearl, D. K. (2021) · Teaching Statistics · doi:10.1111/test.12262 · Cited by 1
dos Santos, C. M., Prada, L., David, C., et al. (2021) · TH Open · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725043 · Cited by 1
García-García, A., Prieto-Egido, I., Guerrero-Curieses, A., Feijoo-Martínez, J. R., Muñoz-Romero, S., Manzano‐Fernández, S., Flores‐Blanco, P. J., Rojo‐Álvarez, J. L., & Martínez-Fernández, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3083523 · Cited by 1
“The p -value [43] is a well-known method used to calculate the significance of the correlation measure.”
MethodHospital Readmission Outcomes by Frailty Risk in Adults in Behavioral Health Acute Care
Lekan, D. A., Jenkins, M., McCoy, T. P., Mohanty, S. D., Manda, P., & Yasin, R. (2021) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20210427-03 · Cited by 1
Åvitsland, A., Leibinger, É., Kolle, E., Haugen, T., & Dyrstad, S. M. (2021) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100411 · Cited by 2
Demystify Lindley’s paradox by connecting $p$-value and posterior probability
Yin, G., & Shi, H. (2021) · Statistics and Its Interface · doi:10.4310/21-sii668 · Cited by 1
“In particular, Shi and Yin [22] make a new interpretation of p-value as the posterior probability of the null hypothesis under both one- and two-sided hypothesis tests by slightly twisting the definition of the posterior probability under non-informative priors, which contradicts one of the statements of [23].”
BackgroundDijkstra, H. A., Hernández-García, E., Masoller, C., & Barreiro, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316275757.004 · Cited by 1
Practical Steps to Improve Specification Testing
Nichols, A., & Schaffer, M. E. (2021) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_8 · Cited by 1
The Reproducibility Crisis in Science Education Studies: Causes and Solutions
Nakamura, D., HARADA, Y., HISASAKA, T., UNZAI, H., & Matsuura, T. (2021) · Journal of Research in Science Education · doi:10.11639/sjst.sp20016 · Cited by 1
“…度，妥当性を検討する必要がある。 今後の理科教育学分野の研究においても，村山 （2012）が述べているように，妥当性について「あ る・ない」の 2値的判断に終始するのではなく，測 定の目的等を考慮しながら複数の側面や方法から妥 当性を検討し，どの程度妥当性が得られていると判 断しているのか丁寧に報告することが求められる。 3.2 母集団の未定義 量的研究において調査を行う際，研究の理論や仮 説が対象としている母集団（population）すべてを調 査することは困難である。そこで，母集団から少数…”
InfluentialSarafoglou, A., van der Heijden, A. C., Draws, T., Cornelisse, J., Wagenmakers, E., & Marsman, M. (2022) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.1177/14757257221077307 · Cited by 4
“Bayesian inference is becoming increasingly popular and its adoption has been advocated for both scienti fi c practice (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) and statistics education (Cobb, 2015).”
Systematic deviation in mean of log bayes factor: Implication and application
Midya, V., & Liao, J. (2021) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/03610926.2021.1970768 · Cited by 1
Bright line or lottery? On significance and value in medical decision making
Mahlich, J., & Dheban, S. (2021) · Journal of Market Access & Health Policy · doi:10.1080/20016689.2021.1981574 · Cited by 1
The experimental method in Public Administration: lessons from replication in Psychology
Andrews, C. W., & de Vries, M. D. (2021) · Revista de Administración Pública · doi:10.1590/0034-761220200746 · Cited by 1
“The concern over the P values escalated to the point of moving the American Statistical Association to issue guidelines for its use; it was the first time the association, founded in 1839, has issued such guidelines (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundShergill, Y., Poulin, P. A., Rice, D. B., Rash, J. A., Hebert, G., Tennant, E. M., Khoo, E., Romanow, H. C., Singer, L. N., Jarvis, V., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.12628 · Cited by 1
Dependencies in Sentence Comprehension
Vasishth, S., & Engelmann, F. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316459560.007 · Cited by 1
Impacto biopsicosocial de la pornografía en internet: una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Pérez, T. V., & Cartes‐Velásquez, R. (2021) · Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento ( RACC ) · doi:10.32348/1852.4206.v13.n3.28571 · Cited by 5
Is APAF-CRT robust enough to change clinical practice?
Brignole, M., Soranna, D., & Rienstra, M. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac092 · Cited by 1
Nwogugu, M. C. I. (2019) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-44704-3_1 · Cited by 1
Müller, E., Wood, C., Childress, D., Cannon, L., & Dardick, W. R. (2022) · Journal of International Special Needs Education · doi:10.9782/jisne-d-21-00011 · Cited by 1
The Predictive Individual Effect for Survival Data
Neuenschwander, B. E., Roychoudhury, S., Wandel, S., et al. (2022) · Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science · doi:10.1007/s43441-022-00386-0 · Cited by 1
Chen, G., Taylor, P. A., Stoddard, J., Cox, R. W., Bandettini, P. A., & Pessoa, L. (2022) · Aperture Neuro · doi:10.52294/2e179dbf-5e37-4338-a639-9ceb92b055ea · Cited by 1
Held, L., & Matthews, R. (2022) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768221082390 · Cited by 1
Ommen, D. M., & Saunders, C. P. (2022) · Springer series in the data sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75460-0_10 · Cited by 2
Hypothesen und Modelle beim Theorietest
Eisend, M., & Kuß, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-32890-0_7 · Cited by 1
Curry, K. (2020) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000375 · Cited by 1
Risk and Decision Making: Modeling and Statistics in Medicine – Fundamental Aspects
Borovcnik, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57072-3_62 · Cited by 1
Shipworth, D., & Huebner, G. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61464-9_3 · Cited by 2
Huang, X., Jia, X., & Chen, X. (2018) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.008 · Cited by 1
Introduction, Objectives, and an Alternative
Fox, M. P., MacLehose, R. F., & Lash, T. L. (2021) · Statistics for biology and health · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82673-4_1 · Cited by 1
Collett, P. (2021) · doi:10.37546/jaltpcp2020-01 · Cited by 1
Using a baseline with the probability of agreement to compare distribution characteristics
Lu, L., Anderson‐Cook, C. M., Stevens, N. T., et al. (2022) · Quality Engineering · doi:10.1080/08982112.2022.2073452 · Cited by 1
“With the rising concerns about the misuse and misinterpretation of p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016), the probability of agreement (PoA) approach offers a sound alternative to both the traditional hypothesis testing and equivalence testing frameworks by providing a more contextual, holistic,…”
MethodElkins, M. R., Pinto, R. Z., Verhagen, A. P., et al. (2022) · physioscience · doi:10.1055/a-1741-9919 · Cited by 1
“Sind diese Probleme und die Notwendigkeit einer Alternative allgemein anerkannt? Die Stellungnahme der American Statistical Association zu p-Werten [28] zeigt, dass ein diesbezügliches Problembewusstsein unter Statistiker*innen weit verbreitet ist.”
BackgroundInferential Frameworks for Clinical Trials
Long, J. P., & Lee, J. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52636-2_271 · Cited by 1
Behavioral pre-testing of COVID Tracker, Ireland’s contact-tracing app.
Julienne, H., Lavin, C., Belton, C. A., Barjaková, M., Timmons, S., & Lunn, P. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Public Administration · doi:10.30636/jbpa.51.291 · Cited by 1
“Secondly, since our study was directly linked to a specific policy implementation, we note Points 3 and 5 of the American Statistical Association’s Statement on Statistical Significance and P-Values (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), which state that p-values should not be the basis for policy decisions and do not measure t…”
BackgroundMidya, V., Liao, J., Gennings, C., Colicino, E., Teitelbaum, S. L., Wright, R. O., & Valvi, D. (2022) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym14101962 · Cited by 1
Hirschauer, N., Grüner, S., & Mußhoff, O. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in applied statistics and econometrics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99091-6_1 · Cited by 1
Leinonen, J., Pirttinen, N., & Hellas, A. (2022) · Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research · doi:10.1145/3564721.3565956 · Cited by 1
Jeong, T. (2022) · Nations and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/nana.12901 · Cited by 1
Wilson, N. A. (2022) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000002492 · Cited by 1
The Task of Optimizing Production Planning with Fuzzy Parameters
Kosenko, O., Bozhenyuk, A. V., & Knyazeva, M. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85626-7_64 · Cited by 1
Murray-Stoker, K. M., McHugh, J. V., Benke, A. C., Parsons, K. A., Murray‐Stoker, D., Rosemond, A. D., Wenger, S. J., & Batzer, D. P. (2023) · Freshwater Biology · doi:10.1111/fwb.14052 · Cited by 1
Kawazoe, H., & Osato, Y. (2022) · Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) · doi:10.5649/jjphcs.48.218 · Cited by 1
Scientific practice in medical research
Bottai, M. (2023) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16818 · Cited by 1
Determinants and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot Lost to Cardiology Follow-up
Roy, L.-O., Blais, S., Marelli, A. J., Dahdah, N., Dancea, A., Drolet, C., & Dallaire, F. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.10.008 · Cited by 1
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma ascorbate concentrations following subarachnoid haemorrhage
Turner, N., Farrow, B., Betrie, A. H., et al. (2023) · Critical Care and Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.10.003 · Cited by 1
Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Hao, Y., & Xu, S. (2023) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.718
“According to Bayesian hypothesis testing (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016; Wagenmakers et al., 2018; Wetzels et al., 2011), we calculated the Bayes factor ( BF 10 ) in order to assess the strength of the evidence for the alternative hypothesis (H1) relative to the null hypothesis (H0).”
MethodFoster, S. L., Condon, S. K., Lavery, A. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001963 · Cited by 1
Gunasekaran, S., Shahwan, S., Ong, W. J., Lim, B. W. Z., Koh, H. N. J., Tan, Y. B., Koh, Y. S., Teo, M. S., Lim, C. C. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2026) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaf236 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, effect sizes (Cohen’s D) were considered in the interpretation of the results to help convey their practical significance (Cumming 2014, Wasserstein and Lazar 2016), providing a balanced interpretation beyond P -values.”
What Can Fake News, Politics, and Religion Tell Us About Pseudoscience?
Therriault, D. J., Zaboski, B. A., & Jankovsky, A. (2022) · Journal of Education & Social Policy · doi:10.30845/jesp.v9n1p2
Stock Return Predictability: Evaluation Based on Prediction IntervalsPreprint
Charles, A., Darné, O., & Kim, J. H. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2750185 · Cited by 1
“In light of the recent warnings and concerns expressed by the American Statistical Association (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016) for the scienti(cid:12)c (cid:12)ndings entirely based on the p-value approach to statistical signi(cid:12)cance, our study is unique and novel in the literature of stock…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReliability and Uncertainty in Diffusion MRI Modelling
Charles, C. N. (2016) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) · Cited by 1
Safety and efficacy of statins – Authors' reply
Collins, R., Armitage, J., Baigent, C., Smith, G. D., & Smeeth, L. L. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30717-1 · Cited by 1
Mahic, M., Mjaaland, S., Susser, E., et al. (2017) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00113-17 · Cited by 1
“All findings, both positive and negative, are reported with exact P values, in accordance with American Statistical Association guidance for “full reporting and transparency” (2).”
ResultEditorial Comment: Learning From Large-Scale Orthopaedic Databases
Maltenfort, M., & Grauer, J. N. (2017) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-017-5382-x · Cited by 1
More than pain : assessment and treatment of pain-related dysfunction in pediatric chronic pain
Kanstrup, M. (2017) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Pundir, J., Kovoor, E. T., Lancaster, G., et al. (2017) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2017.11.013 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
