The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
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24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
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- Leek, J. (2014), “On the Scalability of Statistical Procedures: Why the p-Value Bashers Just Don't Get It,” Simply Statistics Blog, Available at http://simplystatistics.org/2014/02/14/on-the-scalability-of-statistical-procedures-why-the-p-value-bashers-just-dont-get-it/.
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Teh, B. K., Tay, D. J., Li, S.-P., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics · doi:10.3389/fams.2018.00002 · Cited by 1
Multiple Hypothesis Tests: A Bayesian Approach
Gómez-Villegas, M. A., & González‐Pérez, B. (2018) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73848-2_19 · Cited by 1
Berry, K. J., Johnston, J. E., & Mielke, P. W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98926-6_4 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Reported Statistical Inferences
Srinivasan, S. (2018) · Journal of Mathematics and System Science · doi:10.17265/2159-5291/2018.05.002 · Cited by 1
Inverted Simulations Demonstrating Strong Ecological Fallacies in Cohort Studies
Srinivasan, S. S. (2018) · Journal of Mathematics and System Science · doi:10.17265/2159-5291/2018.05.001 · Cited by 1
“Discomfort with p-values is reflected in the official statement by the American Statistical Association [29] which discounts some interpretations of p-values which were more acceptable historically, likely due to increasing perceptions of subject level anomalies.”
BackgroundImproving the quality of data presentation in health sciences
Castelo, P. M. (2018) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.016 · Cited by 1
Economic History as Humanomics
Mccloskey, D. (2018) · Handbook of Cliometrics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_47-1 · Cited by 1
Johnson, L. L., Borkowf, C. B., & Shaw, P. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-849905-4.00024-1 · Cited by 1
Vandekar, S. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.12.007 · Cited by 1
First principles-based applications of the Vlasov equation to dissipative systems
Perepelkin, E. E., Садовников, Б. И., Иноземцева, Н. Г., & Suchkov, D. A. (2019) · Plasma Research Express · doi:10.1088/2516-1067/ab1852 · Cited by 4
Probability and Statistics for Data Sciences: Math + R + Data
Alexander, M. T. (2019) · Journal of Quality Technology · doi:10.1080/00224065.2019.1677198 · Cited by 1
Eine überlebenswichtige Warnung … interessiert?
Schleusener, R. (2019) · Osteopathische Medizin · doi:10.1016/s1615-9071(19)30117-0 · Cited by 1
Reading and understanding scientific articles
Antonelli, M., & Donelli, D. (2020) · The Clinical Teacher · doi:10.1111/tct.13159 · Cited by 1
Measuring the Magnitude of Health Inequality Between 2 Population Subgroup Proportions
Talih, M., Moonesinghe, R., & Huang, D. T. (2020) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa050 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, statistical significance alone may be insufficient to determine the public health importance of subgroup differences (30, 31).”
Randomness Tests: Theory and Practice
Shen, A. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48006-6_18 · Cited by 1
Reinhorn, D. J., Yerushalmi, R., Moore, A., et al. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05715-1 · Cited by 1
Reproducibility of statistical test results based on p-value
Yanagawa, T. (2020) · Japanese Journal of Biometrics · doi:10.5691/jjb.40.69 · Cited by 1
Mira, P. A. D. C., Henrique, D. M. N., Loschi, R. Q., Falci, M. F. A., Guerrero, R. V. D., Júnior, T. B. M., Barbosa, K. V. B. D., Ribeiro, T. C. D. R., Pace, F. H. D. L., Martinêz, D. G., et al. (2020) · Blood Pressure Monitoring · doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000474 · Cited by 1
Jahandideh, S., Kendall, E. A., Low‐Choy, S., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2020.8 · Cited by 1
“Importantly, although the data did not strongly support some links in the MTE, these relationships may emerge with larger samples and greater power (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundFrequentist Methods for Statistical Inference
Kaye, D. H. (2020) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780367527709-2 · Cited by 1
Variable Selection and Estimation in Kink Regression Model
Yamaka, W. (2020) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48853-6_11 · Cited by 1
Irreproducibility –The deadly sin of preclinical research in drug development
Pillai, S., Kobayashi, K., Michael, M., & Meena, A. (2020) · Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research · doi:10.26444/jpccr/131017 · Cited by 1
“Such significant P- values do not provide evidence for the quantitative significance of the effect (magnitude of effect) in the study, therefore, they lead to erroneous conclusions and interpretations [43, 45, 46].”
BackgroundEtzioni, R., Mandel, M., & Gulati, R. (2020) · Springer texts in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59889-1_2 · Cited by 1
Morphometric analysis of skull features and sexual size dimorphism in Microtus arvalis from Slovakia
Csanády, A., & Mošanský, L. (2021) · Biologia · doi:10.1007/s11756-021-00764-3 · Cited by 1
Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and Perspectives
Müller, R., & Linke, A. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59797-9_12 · Cited by 1
On how statistics is used and abused to find truth in Science
Marques, T. A. (2020) · Kairos · doi:10.2478/kjps-2020-0013 · Cited by 1
Understanding Medical Biostatistics
Sapra, R. L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_10 · Cited by 1
Thompson, W. B., & Radell, M. L. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12532 · Cited by 1
Park, L. J. (2021) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2021.2009981 · Cited by 2
“Recent studies highlight there is no statistical justification for using the p-value of 0.05 (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016), and it would be a mistake to conclude that there is no evidence of effect or no association when p > 0.05 (Greenland et al., 2016).”
MethodInfluentialJarmakowska-Kostrzanowska, L. (2021) · Przegląd Psychologiczny · doi:10.31648/pp.7359 · Cited by 3
God’s Work in the World: The Deep Compatibility of Real Liberalism with Any Abrahamic Religion
McCLOSKEY, D. N. (2022) · Ethical economy · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_5 · Cited by 1
Howard, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93224-8_30 · Cited by 1
Klein, B., & Harris, D. A. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac187 · Cited by 1
The use of ‘trend’ statements in veterinary oncology literature
Groves, P. K., Liu, C., Geels, O. R., et al. (2022) · Veterinary and Comparative Oncology · doi:10.1111/vco.12811 · Cited by 1
Luciano, F., Cenacchi, V., Ruggiero, L., & Pavei, G. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10040634 · Cited by 1
“As indicated in lme4 documentation and due to the limited interpretability of p-values, especially in exploratory observational studies [23,25], results of the regression model were reported as regression coefficients, standard errors, and t-statistics in addition to their p-value.”
MethodThink like a Bayesian and avoid pitfalls from our frequentist past
Doll, J. C., & Feiner, Z. S. (2022) · Ideas in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.24908/iee.2022.15.1.c · Cited by 1
López, A. N., Ramis, R., Las‐Heras, F., et al. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113314 · Cited by 1
Elkins, M. R., Pinto, R. Z., Verhagen, A. P., et al. (2022) · Fisioterapia · doi:10.1016/j.ft.2022.02.002 · Cited by 1
Romero, C. S., Romero, E., Maimieri, N., Popp, M., Marchetti, C., Lombardi, G., Ortalda, A., Zangrillo, A., & Landoni, G. (2022) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2022.04.005 · Cited by 1
Anwendung von Batterieanalysemethoden zur Validierung von Alterungsmodellen in Lithium-Ionen-Zellen
Bazlen, S., Blessing, M., & Commerell, W. (2020) · ASIM Symposium Simulationstechnik (ASIM SST) · doi:10.11128/arep.59.a59043 · Cited by 1
“Somit kann die unterschiedliche Skalierung der Messmethoden relativiert werden und ein zulässiger Vergleich erfolgen.”
InfluentialLinguistically Inclusive TESOL Course Design and Its Effect on Pre-Service Teacher Education
Thibaut, D., & McLaughlin, I. (2022) · Northwest Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.15760/nwjte.2022.17.2.11 · Cited by 1
“This analysis used both a frequentist dependent-samples t-test and a Bayesian paired-samples t-test to analyze how linguistic awareness changed over the semester: this limits problems with p-value misinterpretation (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
MethodPratt, L. V., & Guengerich, A. (2022) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.1017/laq.2022.33 · Cited by 1
“…can be simply and meaningfully compared using corrected Akaike information criteria (AICc), whereas null hypothesis significance testing produces p- andR-squared values that are difficult to interpret and problematic to compare (Gelman and Carlin 2017; Goodman 2008; Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
MethodStatistical Assumptions and Reproducibility in Psychology: Data Mining Based on Open Science
Zhang, W., Shu, Y., Tian, B., & Fei, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905977 · Cited by 2
“Our view on p-value is consistent with the American Statistical Association’s statement on the understanding of p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016), which includes the followings: “(1) p-value can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.”
ResultSuggesting new protocol to determine point load strength index of rocks
Babanouri, N., Asadizadeh, M., & Nejati, H. R. (2022) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10429-3 · Cited by 1
“The p-value (ranging between 0 and 1) is commonly used to test the observed results in statistical analyses (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
MethodAstridge, D. J., McKenna, M., Campbell, A., & Turner, A. P. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221109150 · Cited by 2
BAYESIAN INTERPRETATION OF CLUSTER‐ROBUST SUBGROUP IMPACT ESTIMATES: THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS
Lipman, E., Deke, J., & Finucane, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22413 · Cited by 1
Borderline P-values in critical care trials: time for a paradigm shift
Fronczek, J., & Szczeklik, W. (2022) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2022.07.042 · Cited by 1
Tantiwisawaruji, S., Rocha, M. J., Silva, A., Pardal, M. Â., Kovitvadhi, U., & Rocha, E. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12172248 · Cited by 2
“Because a p-value does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result [46,47], the significance value of p ≈ 0.”
BackgroundFranck, C. T., Madigan, M. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2022) · Stat · doi:10.1002/sta4.508 · Cited by 1
“…1 of 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.508 In response to the increased criticism of p values and hypothesis testing, the American Statistical Association issued a statement (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) offering definitions, principles, and alternatives related to p values.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMayo, D. G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107286184.014 · Cited by 1
Danilov, I. V., Kurakina, N. I., & Mihailova, S. (2022) · Journal of the Russian Universities Radioelectronics · doi:10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-4-105-115 · Cited by 1
Supporting Bayesian Modeling With Visualizations
Dogucu, M., & Johnson, A. (2022) · Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Teaching Statistics · doi:10.52041/iase.icots11.t6c2 · Cited by 1
“…over-use of p -values, Bayesian methods have been suggested as an alternative to frequentist methods for both answering scientific questions (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016) as well as teaching inferential thinking in science classes (Rosenberg et al., 2022) and statistics classes (Dogucu & Hu,…”
MethodENYGO-IJGC scientific writing and publication course: 2021 meeting summary
Strojna, A. N., Kacperczyk-Bartnik, J. P., Ángeles, M. A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · doi:10.1136/ijgc-2022-003868 · Cited by 1
Investigating Human Interaction through Mathematical Analysis
Brintzenhofe, K. T. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003325161 · Cited by 1
Inferential-Statistical Reevaluation of Spent Fuel Zircaloy Cladding Integrity
Colins, K. D. (2023) · Nuclear Technology · doi:10.1080/00295450.2022.2131953 · Cited by 1
“The higher the value of the assigned confidence level, and the higher the calculated magnitude of the population fraction, the greater is the evidence supporting the existence of an underlying population; contrary to conventional significance testing, no sharply defined criterion compels a binary yes/no decision on th…”
ResultLog Likelihood Ratios for Common Statistical Tests Using the likelihoodR Package
Cahusac, P. (2023) · The R Journal · doi:10.32614/rj-2022-051 · Cited by 2
Bayesian analysis for nurse and midwifery research: statistical, practical and ethical benefits
Malone, H., & Coyne, I. (2023) · Nurse Researcher · doi:10.7748/nr.2023.e1852 · Cited by 1
Mejora de la calidad educativa en educación superior incentivando buenas prácticas de investigación
García, A. M. R., & Puga, J. L. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología · doi:10.17060/ijodaep.2022.n2.v1.2444 · Cited by 5
Zhang, W., Cao, Y., Hu, X., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3240219 · Cited by 1
“The p-values [52] are shown in Table IX.”
MethodOptimizing machine learning hyperparameters in two-photon FLIM image analysis
Mbogo, B. P., Siller, K. H., Zhang, J., Wallrabe, H. K., Alam, S. R., & Periasamy, A. (2023) · Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1117/12.2666216 · Cited by 1
“Both methods show a statistically significant difference across treatment, in line with previous work, although the feature is superior [16].”
ResultThe relationship between wind speed and satellite measurements of fire radiative power
Potter, B. E., & Tannhauser, K. (2023) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf22177 · Cited by 1
Jiang, J., Liu, F., Zhou, L., Chen, L., & Jiang, C. (2023) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108521 · Cited by 1
Potter, B. E. (2023) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf22187 · Cited by 1
Fewer Procedures, More Reflection: A Rejoinder to Duşa and Marx
Thiem, A., & Mkrtchyan, L. (2023) · Field Methods · doi:10.1177/1525822x231159461 · Cited by 1
Effects of eastern vs. central Pacific El Niño on Northern Hemisphere photosynthetic seasonality
Dannenberg, M. P., & Johnston, M. R. (2023) · Environmental Research Climate · doi:10.1088/2752-5295/accb02 · Cited by 1
“Consistent with recommendations regarding use of p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016, McShane et al 2019, Wasserstein et al 2019), we therefore use these significance tests to guide discussion of where confidence in the ENSO connection to photosynthetic seasonality is highest.”
MethodDescription length guided nonlinear unified Granger causality analysis
Li, F., Lin, Q., Zhao, X., et al. (2023) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00316 · Cited by 1
“Meanwhile, it is worth noting that selecting and using F statistics have become very careful in current scientific researches, and its statistical significance has also caused extensive discussion (Amrhein, Greenland, & McShane, 2019; Benjamin et al., 2018; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
BackgroundROTHENBERG, R. B., & Maldonado, G. (2023) · Global Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.gloepi.2023.100106 · Cited by 1
“[4] Both of these require the type of reasoning and”
BackgroundTowards more credible conceptual replications under heteroscedasticity and unbalanced designs
Mateu, P. F., Applegate, B. E., & Coryn, C. L. S. (2023) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-023-01657-0 · Cited by 1
“Recognizing the differences between Fisher’s measures of evidence and Neyman and Pearson’s hypothesis testing (NPHT) as well as their limitations allows researchers to embrace the proper and appropriate use of statistical inference (Wasserstein & Lazar 2016).”
Dullea, J. T., Chaluts, D., Vasan, V., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.1080/02688697.2023.2204927 · Cited by 1
Oranchuk, D. J., Gullett, L. K., Kicia, M., Thome, B., & Game, A. B. (2023) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004403 · Cited by 1
“p Values are provided to express the precision of the mean estimated difference between the events (41).”
MethodA new channel for global volatility propagation
Chen, S., & Wang, J. (2023) · European Journal of Finance · doi:10.1080/1351847x.2023.2206040 · Cited by 1
Gopal, B., & Cooper, S. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW) · doi:10.1109/icstw58534.2023.00080 · Cited by 1
“We used appropriate ANOVA tests (regular or Welch’s) and p-value to determine if the results were statistically significant [52].”
MethodDe-emphasizing Statistical Significance
Mitton, T. (2023) · Accounting Economics and Law - A Convivium · doi:10.1515/ael-2022-0100 · Cited by 1
Increasing information gain in animal research by improving statistical model accuracy
Waterkamp, C., von Kortzfleisch, V. T., Neu, C., Kitanovski, S., Richter, S. H., & Hoffmann, D. E. (2023) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2514/1/012021 · Cited by 1
Brittain, K., Brown, K. L., Phillips, T. K., Zerbe, A., Pellowski, J. A., Remien, R. H., Mellins, C. A., Abrams, E. J., & Myer, L. (2023) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-023-04097-x · Cited by 1
“Rather than relying solely on p-values to indicate statistical signifi - cance, we focus on effect sizes and 95% CI to indicate the precision of our findings [ 58].”
MethodBarreto, D. M., Tonietto, A. E., Oliveira, E. W. R. D. S., et al. (2023) · Phycologia · doi:10.1080/00318884.2023.2214777 · Cited by 1
“Statistical analyses were performed under the Bayesian paradigm, which is in accordance with ‘The American Statistical Association Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose’ (Wasserstein & Lazar 2016) for good practices in statistical analysis and the misuse of p-values.”
Teaching Medical Statistics Within the Context of Evidence Based Medicine
Grainge, M. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26010-0_3 · Cited by 1
Watt, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26010-0_5 · Cited by 1
P value, it is just not enough
Hong, B. (2023) · The Korean journal of pain · doi:10.3344/kjp.23173 · Cited by 1
E -value: a superior alternative to P -value and its adjustments in DNA methylation studies
Yang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Zheng, X., Yue, R., Mattson, D. L., Kidambi, S., Liang, M., Liu, P., et al. (2023) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbad241 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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