The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
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24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
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- Leek, J. (2014), “On the Scalability of Statistical Procedures: Why the p-Value Bashers Just Don't Get It,” Simply Statistics Blog, Available at http://simplystatistics.org/2014/02/14/on-the-scalability-of-statistical-procedures-why-the-p-value-bashers-just-dont-get-it/.
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Farkas, A. H., Escobar, J. C., Gilbert, F. E., Panitz, C., Ding, M., & Keil, A. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70360 · Cited by 1
“However, frequentist multilevel models can be more difficult to fit, and interpreting the parameters tends to involve the interpretation of p - values that are often confused and mis-interpreted (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
Miller, A. K., Bartlett, J., Pan, C., Lusis, A. J., Crawford, D. C., Williams, S. M., & Buchner, D. A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63763-x · Cited by 2
“…apply other measures of con fi dence, or even abandon p values, highlight the growing sensethat p values alone are not reliable measures of biological signi fi cance and should instead be integrated with other information, such as prior knowledge, mechanistic support, and data quality 20 – 22 .”
Arora, V., Thabane, A., Sutoski, A., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333910 · Cited by 1
“Its limitations are well-known [4–6], one of which is the issue of ‘fragil-ity,’ where a small change in the data can erase its statistical significance.”
Statistical Methods: Basic Concepts, Interpretations, and Cautions
Greenland, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_54-1 · Cited by 2
Language Attitudes Toward African American English Among College Students in Ohio
Medina‐Rivera, A., & Bynum, T. (2025) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-025-09460-2 · Cited by 1
Effect of sample size on safety tests of lithium-ion batteries using statistical methods
Stiller, D., Lübke, M., & Kwade, A. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.118814 · Cited by 1
Off-target: Herbicides in cereal fields favour competitive weeds over non-target species
Humann‐Guilleminot, S., Bretagnolle, V., & Gaba, S. (2025) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2025.110026 · Cited by 4
“Following recommendations in the ASA statement on p-values (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016), we do not interpret our results based on an arbitrary threshold for statistical significance ( p 0.05).”
InfluentialThere are no alternative hypotheses in tests of null hypotheses
Cousineau, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1708313 · Cited by 2
“This zone can be called a compatibility zone (Amrhein et al., 2019; Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
Calculation of p -values for quadratic statistics in pulsar timing arrays
van Haasteren, R. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/b3y4-yfr1 · Cited by 6
Chen, J., Wu, J., Guo, L., et al. (2025) · Powder Technology · doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121891 · Cited by 1
Diversity and assembly of the microbiome of a leguminous plant along an urbanization gradient
Murray‐Stoker, D., Rossi, L., & Johnson, M. T. J. (2025) · Oikos · doi:10.1002/oik.10996 · Cited by 1
“We focused on estimates, variance explained, and effect sizes when interpreting the results (Carver 1978, Wasserstein and Lazar 2016, McShane et al. 2019, Wasserstein et al. 2019, Berner and Amrhein 2022), with full details on effect size quantification and interpretation provided in the…”
A mini-review of mathematical methods in sprint performance
Fan, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1696505 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, the binary interpretation of p -values (significant vs. not significant) does not account for the magnitude of effect size or the true significance of results (12).”
Li, W., Feng, Q., Li, W., Reddy, M., & Mol, B. W. (2025) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70652 · Cited by 1
“Finally, although the use of P - values has been subject to criticism and alternative approaches such as Bayesian methods have been recommended, 37 it is important to acknowledge the relative reproducibility of P - values, which makes them useful in assessing studies with potential data integrity…”
Caroli, A., Algera, A. G., van Meenen, D. M. P., et al. (2025) · Critical Care Science · doi:10.62675/2965-2774.20250238 · Cited by 1
Boldi, A., Gabbatore, I., & Bosco, F. M. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14224411 · Cited by 2
Düvel, N., & Алтемеіер, Ф. (2025) · Jahrbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Musikpsychologie/Jahrbuch Musikpsychologie · doi:10.5964/jbdgm.229 · Cited by 1
Automated tail-informed threshold selection for extreme coastal sea levels
Collings, T. P., Murphy‐Barltrop, C. J. R., Murphy, C., et al. (2025) · Natural hazards and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/nhess-25-4545-2025 · Cited by 1
Quantum-Inspired Cross-Attention Alignment for Turkish Scientific Abstractive Summarization
ALTAY, G., & Küçüksille, E. U. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14224474 · Cited by 1
Witte, V., Schwering, A., Frischemeier, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education · doi:10.1080/26939169.2025.2593295 · Cited by 1
da Silva, F. R. M., Vizzoni, A. G., Mendes-de-Almeida, D. P., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.70030 · Cited by 1
Sharifan, A., Dobrescu, A. I., Harrod, C. S., Klerings, I., Ong, A. Y., Ngeh, E. N., Xiao, Y., & Gartlehner, G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.112083 · Cited by 2
Prenatal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and male lung function
Khoury, G., Deen, L., Meyer, H. W., et al. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2025.104882 · Cited by 1
Fendereski, F., Creed, I. F., & Trick, C. G. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2025jg008974 · Cited by 1
“We accepted a 10% probability of error (i.e., p ≤ 0.10) based on the premise that confounding and unknown factors can introduce greater degrees of uncertainty in ecological studies such as this (Wasserstein et al., 2019; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
InfluentialBeyond significance: why the d-value matters more in big data contexts
Caponero, J., da Costa, L. C. C., & Ara, A. (2025) · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · doi:10.1007/s41060-025-00903-y · Cited by 1
Nazari, N., Gupta, R., Malek, S., et al. (2025) · Case Studies in Construction Materials · doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e05652 · Cited by 1
Bayesian Nonparametric Sensitivity Analysis of Multiple Test Procedures Under Dependence
Karabatsos, G. (2025) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.70101 · Cited by 1
“MTPs based on marginal 𝑝 -values remain popular in practice (Tamhane and Gou 2018), despite concerns about them (e.g., Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
Structural heterogeneity and functional convergence of transposable elements
Kosovsky, G. Y., Glazko, G. V., & Glazko, T. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1605675 · Cited by 1
“(Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016).”
Jolly, D., Puckett, J. A., SturtzSreetharan, C., Armstrong, S. E., Hope, D. A., Mocarski, R. A., Juster, R., & DuBois, L. Z. (2025) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.70183 · Cited by 1
Inviting Conversations in Discipline‐Based Science Education
Svoboda, J., Sevian, H., & Dusen, B. V. (2025) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.70045 · Cited by 1
Vitale, A., Mansournia, M. A., Ponziani, F. R., & Rovetta, A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco-25-01536 · Cited by 1
Unraveling the influence of gamification on loyalty intentions in public transportation
Saputra, I., Andani, I. G. A., Putro, H. P. H., et al. (2025) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101136 · Cited by 1
Hu, W. T., Butts, B., Misiura, M. B., Verble, D. D., Swatson, E., Park, C., Watson, J., Hammerschlag, B. L., Nayyar, A., Korrapati, N., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03657-3 · Cited by 3
Designing a time-driven ABC model: Reducing the number of time equations though business analytics
Nielsen, S. (2026) · Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change · doi:10.1108/jaoc-04-2025-0096 · Cited by 1
Schweizerhof, O., Meisel, C., Blex, C., Cinelli, P., Watzlawick, R., Lübstorf, T., Geurtz, L.-C., Kreutzträger, M., Baumgartner, E., Hirt, J., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-34852-0 · Cited by 1
Costa, T., Manuello, J., Cauda, F., Crocetta, A., & Liloia, D. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16010087 · Cited by 1
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released an influential statement outlining six principles for the responsible use of p -values [2], followed by further discussions and recommendations aimed at clarifying their limitations [3].”
Dental Age Assessment Methods in Children and Adolescents
Pereira, C. P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08788-1_6 · Cited by 1
Stringer, M. S., Shao, X., Lee, H., Vallatos, A., Arteaga, C., Clancy, Ú., Chappell, F. M., Manning, C., Valdés-Hernández, M. C., García, D. J., et al. (2026) · Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cccb.2026.100528 · Cited by 2
“Consistent with the American Statistical Society ’ s Statement on p-value [26,27], we interpreted relationships between variables based on the point estimate directions of effect, confidence interval breadth and existing clinical knowledge rather than only p-values.”
Mehta, R. S., Aljawai, Y. M., Kebriaei, P., et al. (2026) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op-25-00675 · Cited by 1
Hewins, B., Lippa, S. M., Jones, R. P., Werner, J. K., Moore, C., & Kenney, K. (2026) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2026.2614576 · Cited by 2
Palaniyandi, J., Bruin, J. E., Fisher, M. M., Borghese, M. M., Hoyeck, M. P., Panagiotopoulos, C., Guay, M., & Ashley‐Martin, J. (2026) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgag015 · Cited by 2
Brown, C. R., Piczak, M. L., Beveren, E. V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.70317 · Cited by 1
“Although we use a significance threshold of p 0.05, it is recognized that the p - value alone does not quantify effect size or result importance, and therefore, we considered the broader context, including relevant literature, when evaluating results (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
InfluentialHuang, S., Zhang, M., Yan, C., et al. (2026) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114289 · Cited by 1
Harrison, T. S., & Walsh, T. J. (2026) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(26)00004-6 · Cited by 1
Feng, G., Wang, H., Zhang, T., Wang, L., Huang, L., Wei, Y., Chen, Z., Sun, F., & Xu, H. (2026) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100197 · Cited by 1
Harlow, A. F., Williams, M. P., Pacula, R. L., Leventhal, A. M., Pedersen, E. R., Cockburn, M., Thompson, L. K., Cho, J., Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., & Haley, D. F. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70356 · Cited by 1
“…testing has contributed to a reproducibility crisis in science [44], and following guidance issued by the American Statistical Association [45], we interpret each estimate based on the magnitude of the point estimate (i.e. RR or IRR) and the precision of the 95% CI, rather than based on…”
Beliveau, A., Haddad, A. J., Podnar, E. A., et al. (2026) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2026.108465 · Cited by 1
Bayesian statistics: a primer for perioperative medicine clinicians
Mazzinari, G., Zampieri, F. G., Harhay, M. O., Schultz, M. J., van Meenen, D. M. P., & Neto, A. S. (2026) · Perioperative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13741-026-00659-4 · Cited by 1
“In the last decade, statisticians have raised concerns over the misuse of frequentist methods (Greenland et al., 2016), and formal statements on how P -values should be implemented and interpreted have also been published (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
Goodbye P<0.05. P-value is simply one item among many to gauge scientific evidence
Slim, K., Chadli, D., & Occéan, B. (2026) · Journal of Visceral Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2026.02.005 · Cited by 1
North American accounting researchers’ acceptance of debatable research and authorship practices
Bailey, C. D., & Scott, I. J. (2026) · Accounting Open · doi:10.1016/j.accop.2026.100005 · Cited by 1
Fisher, S., Blau, A., & Gendler, Y. (2026) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-026-04476-4 · Cited by 2
Alovisi, M., Arduino, P. G., & Petti, S. (2026) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.70135 · Cited by 2
Bayesian Statistics to Reanalyze Data From the STAAMP Trial
Gruen, D. S., Matuk, J., Guyette, F. X., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.2112 · Cited by 1
Nuance or noise? Embracing variability in animal physiology research
Schwieterman, G. D., Hardison, E. A., Wood, C. M., & Burggren, W. W. (2026) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2025.0052 · Cited by 2
Fang, L., Zhu, Y., Li, J., Fang, C., Xu, Y., & Wang, S. J. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2643359 · Cited by 2
Heat exposure during susceptible windows of spermatogenesis and sperm epigenetic age
Nobles, C. J., Canty, T. P., Mendola, P., et al. (2026) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deag048 · Cited by 1
An Analysis of Frontal Sinusitis in Three Ancient Populations From the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, China
Fu, Q., Casna, M., Schrader, S. A., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.70104 · Cited by 1
Arafat, A. A., Awad, A. K., Albabtain, M. A., Alotaibi, H. F., Alqussayer, S. A., Altunusi, F., Adel, M. E., & Gumaa, M. (2026) · The Cardiothoracic Surgeon · doi:10.1186/s43057-026-00196-2 · Cited by 1
Lapauw, L., Vermeiren, L., Vercauteren, L., Amini, N., Peeters, L., Dalle, S., Koppo, K., Derrien, M., Dupont, J., Raes, J., et al. (2026) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-026-03368-6 · Cited by 2
“Not correcting for multiple testing would increase the risk of type I errors (false positives) [59].”
Doncarli, A., Demiguel, V., Ray, C. L., Deneux‐Tharaux, C., Lebreton, E., Apter, G., Boudet‐Berquier, J., Crenn‐Hébert, C., Dugravier, R., Vacheron, M.-N., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121755 · Cited by 1
Martelli, E., Keane, R. E., Larson, A. J., & Nelson, C. R. (2026) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.70367 · Cited by 1
“Following statistical best-practice recommendations (Wasserstein & Lazar 2016), we report p values; we describe results with p < 0.05 as signi fi cant and with 0.05 < p < 0.075 as “ marginal ” to avoid strict dichotomiza-tion of signi fi cance.”
InfluentialHoyeck, M. P., Ching, M. E. A., Palaniyandi, J., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71847-5 · Cited by 1
“Consistent with the guidance from the American Statistical Association, we interpret our coef fi cients based on strength of correlation as opposed to solely relying on null hypothesis testing and p-values 64,65 .”
Thomsen, J. B. S., Kilburn, B. A., Sørensen, J. W., & Lundbye‐Jensen, J. (2026) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2026.2649327 · Cited by 2
Kværner, A. S., Birkeland, E. E., Avershina, E., Botteri, E., Bucher-Johannessen, C., Knudsen, M. D., Hjartåker, A., Page, C. M., Hov, J. R., Song, M., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-026-03960-6 · Cited by 3
Quality assessment of GNSS-RO neutral atmosphere refractivity data from YUNYAO mission
Zhu, J., Zhang, L., Huang, W., et al. (2026) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.078 · Cited by 1
Experimental investigation of pool flashing in pressurized liquid nitrogen tanks
Qu, Z., Li, Y., Song, G., et al. (2026) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.131192 · Cited by 1
Community assembly shapes the performance of Solanum nitidibaccatum, an emerging ruderal non-native
Puchałka, R., & Czortek, P. (2026) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.107.179191 · Cited by 1
Kasičová, Z., Horváthová, B., Skurková, L., Peťková, B., Pajtášová, J., Florián, M., Mezníková, S., & Kottferová, J. (2026) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2026.04.003 · Cited by 1
CodeMind: Evaluating Large Language Models for Implicit and Explicit Code Execution Reasoning
Liu, C., Chen, Y., & Jabbarvand, R. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/tse.2026.3691250 · Cited by 82
“A smaller P-value generally indicates stronger evidence against the null hypothesis ( H 0 and H 0 ) [45], [46], [47].”
Yoon, S. A., Shim, J., Cottone, A., et al. (2026) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-026-00617-y · Cited by 1
“This approach aligns with current shifts in educational research toward more nuanced interpretations of data that move beyond the strict, alpha = 0.05 threshold (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
InfluentialExtended Work Periods Among Anesthesiologists and Postoperative Patient Outcomes
Dixit, A. A., Deverett, B., & Sun, E. C. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.11644 · Cited by 2
Why electrophysiologists need Bayesian thinking, or … what are the chances, doctor?
Oliveira, V. M. R., & Barbosa, L. (2026) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.05.002 · Cited by 1
Spectral clustering identifies patterns of chiropractic care in a national longitudinal cohort
Ray, M., Fang, S., Lisi, A. J., & Romano, P. S. (2026) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooag035 · Cited by 1
Mu, X., Tian, W., Song, S., et al. (2026) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108251 · Cited by 1
Currie, G., & Hewis, J. (2026) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jmir.2026.102447 · Cited by 1
Cullip, M., Rosenthal, J. S., & Dmetrichuk, J. M. (2026) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.113031 · Cited by 1
Tuleutayeva, T., Myrzakerimova, A., Nurmaganbetova, M., & Nalgozhina, N. (2026) · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research · doi:10.48084/etasr.17715 · Cited by 1
A Critical Assessment of Bonding Descriptors for Predicting Materials Properties
Naik, A. A., Dhamrait, N., Ueltzen, K., Ertural, C., Benner, P., Rignanese, G., & George, J. (2026) · Advanced Intelligent Discovery · doi:10.1002/aidi.70129 · Cited by 3
García, J. M. C., Luna, J. M. F., & Molina‐Portillo, E. (2026) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133282 · Cited by 1
Dascălu, I., Ionescu, B. Ș., Grosu, V., et al. (2026) · Journal of risk and financial management · doi:10.3390/jrfm19060429 · Cited by 1
The family caregiver experience in palliative care pathways: a multidimensional framework
Severino, M. C., Galli, C., & Rosis, S. D. (2026) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-026-14531-0 · Cited by 1
“The statistical significance was set at a minimum p value 0.05 [51].”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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