The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Information and efficiency: an empirical study of a fixed odds betting market
Abstract
The efficiency of the fixed odds betting market for football in England is investigated. It is the efficiency of how market participants utilize available information that is tested. A model of bookmaker behaviour is presented in which the bookmaker maximizes their expected share of the total amount bet. It is found that an expected profit maximizing bookmaker could set market inefficient odds. Several empirical tests using the ordered probit model with data on prices and publicly available information are carried out. Evidence of market inefficiency is identified offering profitable betting opportunities.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The seminal findings of Kuypers [13] and Levitt [23], however, imply that sportsbooks may sometimes deliberately propose values that deviate from their estimated median to entice a preponderance of bets on the side that maximizes excess error.”
From A statistical theory of optimal decision-making in sports betting (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETS: A REVIEW OF THEORY AND EMPIRICAL WORK*
Malkiel, B. G., & Fama, E. F. (1970) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1970.tb00518.x · Cited by 24,478
Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work
Fama, E. F. (1970) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.2307/2325486 · Cited by 13,635
Anomalies: Parimutuel Betting Markets: Racetracks and Lotteries
Thaler, R. H., & Ziemba, W. T. (1988) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.2.2.161 · Cited by 621
Probability and Utility Estimates for Racetrack Bettors
Ali, M. M. (1977) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260600 · Cited by 379
The Formation of Inflationary Expectations
Figlewski, S., & Wachtel, P. A. (1981) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1924211 · Cited by 247
HORSE RACING: TESTING THE EFFICIENT MARKETS MODEL
Snyder, W. W. (1978) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1978.tb02051.x · Cited by 237
Testing Rationality in the Point Spread Betting Market
GANDAR, J., ZUBER, R., O'BRIEN, T., & RUSSO, B. (1988) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb02617.x · Cited by 181 · cited 6×
“3 £ Gabriel and Marsden (1990) UK horse Semi-strong 3 ?”
BackgroundInfluentialPeel, D. A., & Thomas, D. A. (1988) · Scottish Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.1988.tb01049.x · Cited by 180
Subjective Information and Market Efficiency in a Betting Market
Figlewski, S. (1979) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260740 · Cited by 168
Beating the Spread: Testing the Efficiency of the Gambling Market for National Football League Games
Zuber, R. A., Gandar, J. M., & Bowers, B. D. (1985) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261332 · Cited by 144
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Cain M., 1990, Greyhound racing: further empirical evidence on market efficiency in a wagering market
- Dobra J. L., 1990, Sportometrics, 215
- 10.2307/2328148 · DOI
- Kuypers T. J., 1996, The beautiful game? An econometric study of why people watch English football
- 1978, Final Report. Cmnd. 7200
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Why are Gambling Markets Organised so Differently from Financial Markets?
Levitt, S. D. (2004) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00207.x · Cited by 377
Using ELO ratings for match result prediction in association football
Hvattum, L. M., & Arntzen, H. (2010) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2009.10.002 · Cited by 288
OUTCOME UNCERTAINTY AND THE COUCH POTATO AUDIENCE
Forrest, D., Simmons, R., & Buraimo, B. (2005) · Scottish Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.2005.00360.x · Cited by 258
REFERENCE‐DEPENDENT PREFERENCES, LOSS AVERSION, AND LIVE GAME ATTENDANCE
Coates, D., Humphreys, B. R., & Zhou, L. (2014) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12061 · Cited by 243
Odds setters as forecasters: the case of English football
Forrest, D., Goddard, J., & Simmons, R. (2005) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2005.03.003 · Cited by 245
Regression models for forecasting goals and match results in association football
Goddard, J. A. (2004) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2004.08.002 · Cited by 195
Forecasting football results and the efficiency of fixed‐odds betting
Goddard, J. A., & Asimakopoulos, I. G. (2004) · Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1002/for.877 · Cited by 184
The impact of managerial change on team performance in professional sports
Audas, R., Dobson, S., & Goddard, J. A. (2002) · Journal of Economics and Business · doi:10.1016/s0148-6195(02)00120-0 · Cited by 190
pi-football: A Bayesian network model for forecasting Association Football match outcomes
Constantinou, A. C., Fenton, N., & Neil, M. (2012) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2012.07.008 · Cited by 150
Within-season dismissal of football coaches: Statistical analysis of causes and consequences
Tena, J. D. D., & Forrest, D. (2006) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.05.024 · Cited by 128
Sentiment in the betting market on Spanish football
Forrest, D., & Simmons, R. (2007) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036840701522895 · Cited by 119
Stekler, H. O., Sendor, D., & Verlander, R. (2010) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2010.01.003 · Cited by 99
Vlastakis, N., Dotsis, G., & Markellos, R. N. (2007) · Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1002/for.1085 · Cited by 97
Dolores: a model that predicts football match outcomes from all over the world
Constantinou, A. C. (2019) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-018-5703-7 · Cited by 84
Efficiency of online football betting markets
Angelini, G., & Angelis, L. D. (2018) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2018.07.008 · Cited by 78
Why are Gambling Markets Organized so Differently from Financial MarketsPreprint
Levitt, S. D. (2004) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 79
Andrikogiannopoulou, A., & Papakonstantinou, F. (2019) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhz127 · Cited by 73
Constantinou, A. C., & Fenton, N. E. (2013) · Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports · doi:10.1515/jqas-2012-0036 · Cited by 72
Asset Pricing and Sports Betting
Moskowitz, T. J. (2021) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/jofi.13082 · Cited by 82
Why do some soccer bettors lose more money than others
Buhagiar, R., Cortis, D., & Newall, P. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbef.2018.01.010 · Cited by 59
Sung, H., & Mills, B. M. (2017) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.smr.2017.12.002 · Cited by 67
Over the moon or sick as a parrot? The effects of football results on a club's share price
Bell, A. R., Brooks, C., Matthews, D. L., & Sutcliffe, C. M. S. (2011) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.577017 · Cited by 63
Sabotage in Tournaments with Heterogeneous Contestants: Empirical Evidence from the Soccer Pitch
Deutscher, C., Frick, B., Gürtler, O., & Prinz, J. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12036 · Cited by 62
Towards smart-data: Improving predictive accuracy in long-term football team performance
Constantinou, A. C., & Fenton, N. (2017) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2017.03.005 · Cited by 61
Behavioral complexity of British gambling advertising
Newall, P. W. S. (2017) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1287901 · Cited by 60
Information Salience, Investor Sentiment, and Stock Returns: The Case of British Soccer Betting
Palomino, F. A., Renneboog, L. D. R., & Zhang, C. (2008) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2008.12.001 · Cited by 57
Structural characteristics of fixed-odds sports betting products
Newall, P. W. S., Russell, A. M. T., & Hing, N. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00008 · Cited by 54
SENTIMENT BIAS AND ASSET PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM SPORTS BETTING MARKETS AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Feddersen, A., Humphreys, B. R., & Soebbing, B. P. (2016) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12404 · Cited by 54
Sentimental Preferences and the Organizational Regime of Betting Markets
Franck, E. P., Verbeek, E., & Nüesch, S. (2011) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.4284/0038-4038-78.2.502 · Cited by 45
Live-odds gambling advertising and consumer protection
Newall, P. W. S., Ankush, T., Walasek, L., & Meyer, C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216876 · Cited by 54
PARX model for football match predictions
Angelini, G., & Angelis, L. D. (2017) · Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1002/for.2471 · Cited by 47
National Sentiment and Economic Behavior
Braun, S. T., & Kvasnicka, M. (2011) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002511414718 · Cited by 46
The Louis–Schmelling Paradox and the League Standing Effect Reconsidered
Humphreys, B. R., & Zhou, L. (2015) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002515587260 · Cited by 49
‘It’s basically everywhere’: young adults’ perceptions of gambling advertising in the UK
Torrance, J., Roderique‐Davies, G., Thomas, S. L., Davies, N., & John, B. (2020) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaa126 · Cited by 45
Do national soccer results really impact on the stock market?
Ashton, J. K., Gerrard, B., & Hudson, R. S. (2010) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036841003689762 · Cited by 40
Inter‐market Arbitrage in Betting
Franck, E. P., Verbeek, E., & Nüesch, S. (2012) · Economica · doi:10.1111/ecca.12009 · Cited by 38
Profiting from arbitrage and odds biases of the European football gambling market
Constantinou, A. C., & Fenton, N. (2013) · The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics · doi:10.5750/jgbe.v7i2.630 · Cited by 33
OPTIMAL PRICE SETTING IN FIXED‐ODDS BETTING MARKETS UNDER INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY
Makropoulou, V., & Markellos, R. N. (2011) · Scottish Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9485.2011.00557.x · Cited by 27
Local Broadcast Viewership in Major League Soccer
Sung, H., Mills, B. M., & Mondello, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.2018-0022 · Cited by 29
Mechtel, M., Bäker, A., Brändle, T., & Vetter, K. (2010) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002510388478 · Cited by 28
Are betting markets efficient? Evidence from European Football Championships
Direr, A. (2013) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2011.602010 · Cited by 25
Sentiment Bias in National Basketball Association Betting
Feddersen, A., Humphreys, B. R., & Soebbing, B. P. (2016) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002516656726 · Cited by 25
Does Bettor Sentiment Affect Bookmaker Pricing?
Flepp, R., Nüesch, S., & Franck, E. P. (2014) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002514521427 · Cited by 23
A machine learning perspective on responsible gambling
Hassanniakalager, A., & Newall, P. W. S. (2019) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2019.9 · Cited by 22
Request-a-bet sports betting products indicate patterns of bettor preference and bookmaker profits
Newall, P. W. S., Walasek, L., Kiesel, R. V., Ludvig, E. A., & Meyer, C. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00054 · Cited by 22
Who uses custom sports betting products?
Newall, P. W. S., Cassidy, R., Walasek, L., Ludvig, E. A., & Meyer, C. (2020) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2020.1792887 · Cited by 21
How Do Markets Function? An Empirical Analysis of Gambling on the National Football League
Levitt, S. D. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9422 · Cited by 21
Information, prices and efficiency in an online betting market
Elaad, G., Reade, J. J., & Singleton, C. (2019) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.09.006 · Cited by 20
A conditional fuzzy inference approach in forecasting
Hassanniakalager, A., Sermpinis, G., Stasinakis, C., & Verousis, T. (2019) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2019.11.006 · Cited by 19
Are Sports Betting Markets Semi-Strong Efficient? Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Meier, P. F., Flepp, R., & Franck, E. P. (2021) · International Journal of Sport Finance · doi:10.32731/ijsf/163.082021.01 · Cited by 19
Paul, R. J., Weinbach, A. P., & Humphreys, B. R. (2013) · The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics · doi:10.5750/jgbe.v5i2.569 · Cited by 18
Are Betting Markets Inefficient? Evidence From Simulations and Real Data
Winkelmann, D., Ötting, M., Deutscher, C., & Makarewicz, T. (2023) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/15270025231204997 · Cited by 16
Weather biases in the NFL totals market
Borghesi, R. (2008) · Applied Financial Economics · doi:10.1080/09603100701335432 · Cited by 16
Gambling with leadership succession in Brazilian football: head coach turnovers and team performance
Galdino, M., Wicker, P. V., & Soebbing, B. P. (2020) · Sport Business and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/sbm-06-2020-0059 · Cited by 15
Football is becoming more predictable; network analysis of 88 thousand matches in 11 major leagues
Maimone, V. M., & Yasseri, T. (2021) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.210617 · Cited by 15
Optimal Betting Strategies for Simultaneous Games
Grant, A. R., Johnstone, D. J., & Kwon, O. K. (2008) · Decision Analysis · doi:10.1287/deca.1080.0106 · Cited by 15
Home advantage and mispricing in indoor sports’ ghost games: the case of European basketball
Angelis, L. D., & Reade, J. J. (2022) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04950-7 · Cited by 14
Bernardo, G., Ruberti, M., & Verona, R. (2018) · The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.qref.2018.08.007 · Cited by 14
Forrest, D. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044450744-0.50023-8 · Cited by 14
Corruption and Referee Bias in Football: The Case of CalciopoliPreprint
Distaso, W., Leonida, L., Patti, D. M. A., & Navarra, P. M. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2004385 · Cited by 13
Effects of inducements on sports gambling and decision-errors: An experimental study
Ceallaigh, D. O., Timmons, S., Robertson, D. A., & Lunn, P. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00056 · Cited by 17
Contest incentives, team effort, and betting market outcomes in European football
Feddersen, A., Humphreys, B. R., & Soebbing, B. P. (2021) · European Sport Management Quarterly · doi:10.1080/16184742.2021.1898432 · Cited by 12
Statistical risk warnings in gambling
Newall, P. W. S., Walasek, L., Hassanniakalager, A., Russell, A. M. T., Ludvig, E. A., & Browne, M. (2020) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2020.59 · Cited by 12
Forecasting the FIFA World Cup – Combining Result- and Goal-Based Team Ability Parameters
Robberechts, P., & Davis, J. J. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17274-9_2 · Cited by 12
Over the Moon or Sick as a Parrot: The Effects of Football Results on a Club's Share PricePreprint
Bell, A. R., Brooks, C., Matthews, D. L., & Sutcliffe, C. M. S. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1428452 · Cited by 12
Weak form information efficiency in betting markets
Williams, L. V. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511493614.003 · Cited by 11
Balancing the book: Is it necessary and sufficient?
Stark, D., & Cortis, D. (2017) · The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics · doi:10.5750/jgbe.v11i1.1280 · Cited by 11
How quickly is temporary market inefficiency removed?
Marshall, B. R. (2009) · The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.qref.2009.04.006 · Cited by 11
The Italian Job: Match Rigging, Career Concerns and Media Concentration in Serie aPreprint
Boeri, T., & Severgnini, B. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1282967 · Cited by 11
A study of a market anomaly: “White Men Can’t Jump”, but would you bet on it?
Igan, D. O., Pinheiro, M., & Smith, J. B. (2015) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2015.02.005 · Cited by 10
‘It ain’t over till it's over.’ Yogi Berra bias on prediction markets
Page, L. (2011) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2010.498578 · Cited by 9
Team performance and race: evidence from the English and French national soccer teams
Bachan, R., Reilly, B., & Witt, R. (2014) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2013.875108 · Cited by 10
Efficiency of the odds on English professional football matches
Forrest, D., & Simmons, R. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511493614.016 · Cited by 10
Sung, H., & Pyun, H. (2023) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/15270025231160760 · Cited by 9
Determinants of expected vs. actual match outcome: an examination of the German Bundesliga
von Hanau, T., Wicker, P. V., & Soebbing, B. P. (2014) · Soccer and Society · doi:10.1080/14660970.2014.882823 · Cited by 9
To bet or not to bet: a reality check for tennis betting market efficiency
Lyócsa, Š., & Výrost, T. (2017) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2017.1394973 · Cited by 10
Outcome uncertainty, reference-dependent preferences and live game attendance.Preprint
Coates, D., Humphreys, B. R., & Zhou, L. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 9
Are Sports Betting Markets Semistrong Efficient? Evidence from the COVID-19 PandemicPreprint
Meier, P. F., Flepp, R., & Franck, E. P. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3676515 · Cited by 9
Betting market efficiency and prediction in binary choice models
Koning, R. H., & Zijm, R. (2022) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04722-3 · Cited by 8
IS THE SOCCER BETTING MARKET EFFICIENT? A CROSS-COUNTRY INVESTIGATION USING THE FIBONACCI STRATEGY
Demir, E., Danış, H., & Rigoni, U. (2013) · The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics · doi:10.5750/jgbe.v6i2.580 · Cited by 8
Uncertainty of Outcome, Match Quality and Television Viewership of NPC Rugby MatchesPreprint
Yang, Q. G., & Kumareswaran, D. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1413683 · Cited by 8
Optimal Mark-Up and Arbitrages in the Betting Market
Montone, M. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2021.04.007 · Cited by 7
The Efficiency of Sport Betting Markets: An Analysis Using Arbitrage Trading within Super Rugby
Buckle, M., & Huang, C. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Finance · doi:10.1177/155862351801300305 · Cited by 7
On the importance of the probabilistic model in identifying the most decisive games in a tournament
Corona, F., Tena, J. D. D., & Wiper, M. P. (2017) · Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports · doi:10.1515/jqas-2016-0013 · Cited by 7
Red Cards: Not Such Bad News For Penalized Guest TeamsPreprint
Mechtel, M., Brändle, T., Bäker, A., & Vetter, K. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1571867 · Cited by 7
Against All Odds? - National Sentiment and Wagering On European FootballPreprint
Braun, S. T., & Kvasnicka, M. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1132766 · Cited by 7
Beating the bookies with their own numbers - and how the online sports betting market is riggedPreprint
Kaunitz, L., Zhong, S., & Kreiner, J. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.02824 · Cited by 7
Beating thy Neighbor: Derby Effects in German Professional Soccer
Bäker, A., Mechtel, M., & Vetter, K. (2012) · Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik · doi:10.1515/jbnst-2012-0304 · Cited by 6
Home advantage in professional soccer and betting market efficiency: The role of spectator crowds
Fischer, K., & Haucap, J. (2022) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12291 · Cited by 8
Optimal Setting of Point Spreads
Sandford, J. A., & Shea, P. (2012) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2012.00939.x · Cited by 6
Hidden Power of Trading Activity: The FLB in Tennis Betting Exchanges
Abínzano, I., Muga, L., & Aquilué, R. S. (2017) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002517731875 · Cited by 6
Modeling Fixed Odds Betting For Future Event Prediction1
Chen, W., Li, X., & Zeng, D. D. (2017) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2017/41.2.14 · Cited by 6
Hassan, A. R., & Londoño, M. G. (2017) · International Journal of Sport Finance · doi:10.1177/155862351701200405 · Cited by 6
A statistical theory of optimal decision-making in sports betting
Dmochowski, J. P. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287601 · Cited by 5
Soebbing, B. P., Wicker, P. V., Weimar, D., & Orlowski, J. (2020) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002520975827 · Cited by 5
Simple is beautiful: Toward light prediction markets
Chen, W., Li, X., & Zeng, D. D. (2015) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2015.54 · Cited by 5
Missed a live match? Determinants of League of Legends Champions Korea highlights viewership
Ryu, Y., Hwang, H., Jeong, J.-H., Jang, W., Lee, G., & Pyun, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213600 · Cited by 5
Dobson, S., & Goddard, J. A. (2007) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781584888697.ch6 · Cited by 5
Inter-Market Arbitrage in BettingPreprint
Franck, E. P., Verbeek, E., & Nüesch, S. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1503375 · Cited by 5
Weak Form Efficiency in Sports Betting Markets
(2023) · American Journal of Management · doi:10.33423/ajm.v23i2.6051 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Kuypers, T.
- Corresponding author
- Kuypers, Tim
- Venue
- Applied Economics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1353-1363
- ISSN
- 0003-6846 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4283
- OpenAlex
- W2022909726
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Sports Analytics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- fixed-odds betting, market efficiency, football betting, publicly available information, arbitrage opportunities, English football
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
