Cited by 1,413Spatial and Panel Data AnalysisHealth disparities and outcomesUrban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Kwan, Mei-Po·2012·Annals of the Association of American Geographers

DOI 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Any study that examines the effects of area-based attributes on individual behaviors or outcomes faces another fundamental methodological problem besides the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). It is the problem that results about these effects can be affected by how contextual units or neighborhoods are geographically delineated and the extent to which these areal units deviate from the true geographic context. The problem arises because of the spatial uncertainty in the actual areas that exert the contextual influences under study and the temporal uncertainty in the timing and duration in which individuals experienced these contextual influences. Using neighborhood effects and environmental health research as a point of departure, this article clarifies the nature and sources of this problem, which is referred to as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). It highlights some of the inferential errors that the UGCoP might cause and discusses some means for mitigating the problem. It reviews recent studies to show that both contextual variables and research findings are sensitive to different delineations of contextual units. The article argues that the UGCoP is a problem as fundamental as the MAUP but is a different kind of problem. Future research needs to pay explicit attention to its potential confounding effects on research results and to methods for mitigating the problem.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Understanding individual human mobility patterns
González, M. C., Hidalgo, C. A., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06958 · Cited by 6,186
The New Mobilities Paradigm
Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a37268 · Cited by 6,151
Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114 · Cited by 4,074
WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE IN REGIONAL SCIENCE?
Hägerstrand, T. (1970) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01464.x · Cited by 3,532
Neighborhoods and health
Roux, A. V. D., & Mair, C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x · Cited by 2,922
Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?
MacIntyre, S., Ellaway, A., & Cummins, S. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00214-3 · Cited by 2,099
Investigating Neighborhood and Area Effects on Health
Roux, A. V. D. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1783 · Cited by 1,895
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
Shekhar, S., Xiong, H. Y., & Zhou, X. S. (2017) · Encyclopedia of GIS · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_100791 · Cited by 1,888
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Fotheringham, A. S., & Wong, D. (1991) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a231025 · Cited by 1,561
Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form
Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J. E., & Saelens, B. E. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001 · Cited by 1,553

Show all 56 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Kwan, M.P., Kenda, L. L., Wewers, M. E., Ferketich, A. K. and Klein, E. G. 2011. “Sociogeographic context, pro-tobacco advertising, and smokeless tobacco usage in the Appalachian Region of Ohio (USA)”. Paper presented at the 2011 International Medical Geography Symposium, Durham, UK
Löytönen M., 1998, GIS and health, 97

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,001

SPASTC: a Spatial Partitioning Algorithm for Scalable Travel-time Computation
Michels, A., Park, J., Kang, J. Y., & Wang, S. (2024) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2024.2326445 · Cited by 5
Can good neighbourhood perception magnify the positive effect of favourable built environment on recreational walking in China?
Guo, H., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., & Ho, H. C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19539-x · Cited by 5
Daily Encounters as a Measure of Accessibility: An Innovative Approach to Assessing the Influence of Gambling Landscape on Gambler's Behaviour
Kovářík, F., Fiedor, D., Frajer, J., Šerý, M., Charvát, M., & Aigelová, E. (2025) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-025-10392-0 · Cited by 5
Geospatial Approaches for Environmental Justice: A Critical Review
Karasaki, S., Berberian, A. G., Zewdie, H. Y., Cushing, L. J., & VoPham, T. (2025) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090924-033158 · Cited by 5
Using Smartphone Survey and GPS Data to Inform Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivery: Case Study
Luken, A., Desjardins, M. R., Moran, M. B., Mendelson, T., Zipunnikov, V., Kirchner, T., Naughton, F., Latkin, C. A., & Thrul, J. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/43990 · Cited by 5
Studying Influences of Socio-economic Contexts and Spatial Effects on Educational Careers
Hillmert, S., Hartung, A., & Weßling, K. (2023) · Methodology of educational measurement and assessment · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_11 · Cited by 5
Localized effects of neighborhood park exposure on mental illness mortality in the Pacific Northwest United States
Song, I., & Luan, H. (2023) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103127 · Cited by 5
Unraveling the influence of income-based ambient population heterogeneity on theft spatial patterns: insights from mobile phone big data analysis
Xu, C., He, Z., Song, G., & Chen, D. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-02610-8 · Cited by 5
Understanding neighborhood income segregation around the clock using mobile phone ambient population data
Cai, L., Song, G., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-02833-9 · Cited by 5
Mapping Street Patterns with Network Science and Supervised Machine Learning
Wu, C., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Kraak, M. J., & Wang, M. (2024) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi13040114 · Cited by 6
Urban environment and health: a cross-sectional multiregional project based on population health surveys in Spain (DAS-EP project) – study protocol
Bereziartua, A., Cabrera‐León, A., Subiza‐Pérez, M., García‐Baquero, G., Gomez, S. D., Ballester, F., Estarlich, M., Merelles, A., Esplugues, A., Irles, M. Á., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074252 · Cited by 5
Impacts of social deprivation on mortality and protective effects of greenness exposure in Hong Kong, 1999–2018: A spatiotemporal perspective
Zhou, Y., Lü, Y., Wei, D., & He, S. (2024) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103241 · Cited by 5
Childhood neighbourhoods and life‐time fertility in twentieth‐century Southern Sweden: A k ‐nearest neighbour approach
Maia, V. D. S., Dribe, M., & Hedefalk, F. (2024) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2785 · Cited by 5
Introduction: Networks
Bian, L., & Elwood, S. A. (2024) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2024.2388012 · Cited by 5
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Rural Agricultural Land Use Change and Area Forecasts in Historical Time Series after COVID-19 Pandemic, Using Google Earth Engine in Peru
Quintana, S. G. C., Veneros, J., Briceño, N. B. R., Oliva, M., Guadalupe, G. A., & García, L. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16177755 · Cited by 5
Associations between neighbourhood environment and mental health: The mediating role of different domains of physical activity
Li, Y., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2025.101998 · Cited by 5
Estimating neighbourhood-level socio-economic effect on preterm births using a multilevel approach: a case study in Georgia, USA
Tu, W., Tu, J., & Tedders, S. H. (2014) · Annals of GIS · doi:10.1080/19475683.2014.945483 · Cited by 5
A Cross-Level Exploratory Analysis of “Neighborhood Effects” on Urban Behavior: An Evolutionary Perspective
Weaver, R. C. (2015) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci4041046 · Cited by 5
Social Environment and Hospitalisation after Release from Prison: A Prospective Cohort Study
Love, A. D., Kinner, S. A., & Young, J. T. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14111406 · Cited by 5
Long-term effects of traffic exposures on mortality in a Chinese cohort
Thach, T., Tsang, H., Lai, P., Lee, R. S.-Y., & Wong, P. P. Y. (2019) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.100609 · Cited by 5
Using global positioning system methods to explore mobility patterns and exposure to high HIV prevalence neighbourhoods among transgender women in New York
Goedel, W. C., Regan, S. D., Chaix, B., Radix, A. E., Reisner, S. L., Janssen, A. C., & Duncan, D. T. (2019) · Geospatial health · doi:10.4081/gh.2019.752 · Cited by 5
Urban planning, housing infrastructure and physical activity. Message 3: in-depth studies of the main effects
Maksimov, S. A., & Artamonova, G. V. (2020) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed20202303135 · Cited by 5
Geographical Analysis at Midlife
Franklin, R. S. (2020) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12251 · Cited by 5
The Quantified Self-in-Place: Opportunities and Challenges for Place-Based N-of-1 Datasets
Chrisinger, B. W. (2020) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2020.00038 · Cited by 5
Aging, (un)certainty and HIV management in South Africa
Rishworth, A., & King, B. H. (2022) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2552 · Cited by 5
The built environment and early childhood development: qualitative evidence from disadvantaged Australian communities
Villanueva, K., Woolcock, G., Goldfeld, S. R., Tanton, R., Brinkman, S. A., Katz, I., & Giles‐Corti, B. (2022) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2022.2059651 · Cited by 6
Urban livability and contextual uncertainties: An assessment of livability through the lens of urban dwellers in Guwahati, India
Mahanta, A., & Borgohain, P. (2022) · Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development · doi:10.24294/jipd.v6i1.1395 · Cited by 5
Exploring temporal and spatial reliability of individual activity space measurements using massive mobile phone data
Xiong, Q., Liu, Y., Xing, L., Xie, P., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Transactions in GIS · doi:10.1111/tgis.12978 · Cited by 5
Investigating where adolescents engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour: An exploratory study
Christensen, A., Griffiths, C., Hobbs, M., Gorse, C. A., & Radley, D. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276934 · Cited by 5
Multiscale spatial contexts and neighbourhood effects
Petrović, A. (2020) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2020.15.5194 · Cited by 5
Associations Between Surface Mining Airsheds and Birth Outcomes in Central Appalachia at Multiple Spatial Scales
McKnight, M. X., Kolivras, K. N., Buttling, L., Gohlke, J. M., Marr, L. C., Pingel, T. J., & Ranganathan, S. (2022) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2022gh000696 · Cited by 5
Is cities delineation a pre-requisite for urban modelling? The example of land price determinants in Brussels
Jones, J., Peeters, D., & Thomas, I. (2015) · Cybergeo · doi:10.4000/cybergeo.26899 · Cited by 5
Neighbourhood effects on youth’s achievements : the moderating role of personality
Nieuwenhuis, J. (2014) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 5
Space-based planning implications for age-friendly cities: Insights from spatial non-stationarity in multiple environment-health relationships
Wang, L., Zhou, S., Kwan, M., Liu, D., Zhang, L., & Song, J. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106495 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Unequal pathways: Mobility, socioeconomic status, and the stratification of concurrent environmental exposures
Gao, X., & Kwan, M. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.106835 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
The neighborhood food environment modifies the association between infant feeding and childhood obesity
Anderson, C. E., Whaley, S. E., & Goran, M. I. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18755-9 · Cited by 4
The geography of partisan homophily in the 2020 US presidential election
Mastrosavvas, A. (2024) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103371 · Cited by 4
Living closer to the beach is associated with better socioemotional development in young boys
George, P., Murray, K., Boruff, B. J., & Christian, H. E. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102497 · Cited by 4
How is active travel associated with the scale, measurement of built environment and travel purpose: a GPS trajectory-based approach
He, Z., & Jiang, C. (2024) · International Journal of Urban Sciences · doi:10.1080/12265934.2024.2438202 · Cited by 4
Gender differences in mobility: Exploring the non-linear relationship in multiple contexts using decision tree algorithms
Xian, S., Zhang, H., Wang, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104273 · Cited by 4
Motion and fixation: The urban evolution through the reconfiguration of scale structure
Xie, J., Ai, R., Gao, J., Liu, F., & Tang, Y. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106320 · Cited by 4
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 exposure risk: An assessment framework based on residents’ travel behavior using mobile phone data
Song, C., Chen, Z., Yan, W., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105501 · Cited by 4
Naturalistic Tobacco Retail Exposure and Smoking Outcomes in Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes Daily
Muzekari, B., Cooper, N., Resnick, A., Paul, A. M., Torres-Grillo, O., Andrews, M. E., Mattan, B. D., Scholz, C., Johnson, D., Tartak, J. C., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.30132 · Cited by 4
Expert perspectives on exposure-response functions for urban health policy: Lessons from a UBDPolicy workshop
Williams, H., Andersen, Z. J., Boogaard, H., Brage, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Cai, Y. S., Chen, X., deSouza, P., Dzhambov, A. M., Fenech, B., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123150 · Cited by 5
Uneven access to essential services and amenities: Geographic disparities in ‘third place’ availability across the United States from 2010 to 2021
Sun, Y., Esposito, M. H., Sagehorn, M. A. P., Melendez, R. A., & Finlay, J. (2025) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103583 · Cited by 4
Environmental noise, air pollution, and momentary stress: A context- and mobility-based approach
Song, W., & Kwan, M. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118838 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Dental service disparities in Canada: A Saskatoon, Saskatchewan case study
Jones, M., Shah, T. I., Hayes, A., Uswak, G., & Bell, S. (2016) · Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes · doi:10.1111/cag.12286 · Cited by 4
Multiple social contexts of education: systematic commonalities, differences and interrelations
Hillmert, S. (2019) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781788110426.00012 · Cited by 4
SIG y bases de datos. Oportunidades y retos en la transición de los sistemas tradicionales al Big Data = GIS and databases. Opportunities and Challenges in the Transition from Traditional Systems to Big Data
Juan, L. G., & Rodríguez, A. V. (2019) · Espacio Tiempo y Forma Serie VI Geografía · doi:10.5944/etfvi.12.2019.25124 · Cited by 4
Associations between ultraviolet radiation, tree cover and adolescent sunburns
Tribby, C. P., Julian, A. K., Oh, A., Perna, F. M., & Berrigan, D. A. (2020) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-020-00253-x · Cited by 4
Examining the relationship between social context and community attachment through the daily social context averaging effect
Lu, J., Zhou, S., Zheng, Z., Liu, L., & Kwan, M. (2023) · Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography · doi:10.1080/04353684.2023.2196568 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Education, Competence Development and Career Trajectories
Weinert, S., Blossfeld, G. J., & Blossfeld, H. (2023) · Methodology of educational measurement and assessment · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9 · Cited by 30
School-to-Work Transitions under Unequal Conditions: A Regionalised Perspective on the ‘Discouraged Worker’ Hypothesis
Weßling, K., Hartung, A., & Hillmert, S. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12100547 · Cited by 4
Relationship Between Individuals’ Epidemic Risk Perception Within Living Space and Subjective Well-Being: Empirical Evidence from China after the First Wave of COVID-19
Song, J., Zhou, S., Kwan, M., & Zheng, Z. (2024) · Chinese Geographical Science · doi:10.1007/s11769-024-1414-0 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Spatial scale effects on associations between built environment and cognitive function: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Li, J., Hirsch, J. A., Michael, Y. L., Besser, L. M., Auchincloss, A. H., Hughes, T. M., & Sánchez, B. N. (2024) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103181 · Cited by 5
More than ‘minority’: Social tolerance and youth wellbeing at the intersection of ethnicity and neighbourhood segregation
Chua, G., Ang, S., & Tan, S. B. (2024) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103252 · Cited by 6
Moderation Effects of Streetscape Perceptions on the Associations Between Accessibility, Land Use Mix, and Bike-Sharing Use: Cross-Sectional Study
Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, X., Liu, J., & Ho, H. C. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/58761 · Cited by 4
Built for movement: Neighborhoods and adolescent physical activity behaviors, and the moderating role of socioeconomic position and gender
Andersen, O. K., Gebremariam, M. K., Kaupang, O. B., Lien, N., & Kolle, E. (2024) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103313 · Cited by 4
Social Class Segregation in Landskrona
Brea-Martínez, G., Hedefalk, F., Nilsson, T., & Maia, V. D. S. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197761090.003.0005 · Cited by 4
Unveiling the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem: The Role of Daily Mobility in Shaping Built-Environment Quality Exposure
Wang, L., Zhou, S., Zheng, Z., Song, J., Lu, J., & Kwan, M. (2024) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2024.2425340 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Gravity-informed deep flow inference for spatial evolution modeling in panel data
Zhu, D., & Ma, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2536512 · Cited by 4
Spatial Aggregation Method for Anonymous Surveys: Case Study for Associations Between Urban Environment and Obesity
Amini, N., Rashidi, T. H., Gardner, L., & Waller, S. T. (2016) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2598-04 · Cited by 4
Appalachia, Usa: An Empirical Note and Agenda for Future Research *
Weaver, R. C. (2016) · Journal of Rural Social Sciences · Cited by 4
Individual Mobility and Uncertain Geographic Context: Real-time Versus Neighborhood Approximated Exposure to Retail Tobacco Outlets Across the US
Kirchner, T., Gao, H. C., Lewis, D. J., Anesetti‐Rothermel, A., Carlos, H. A., & House, B. M. (2018) · Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research · doi:10.1007/s41666-018-0035-8 · Cited by 4
The Importance of Pedestrian Network Connectivity for Adolescent Health: A Cross-sectional Examination of Associations between Neighbourhood Built Environments and Metabolic Health in the Pacific Islands Families Birth Cohort Study
Smith, M., Obolonkin, V., Plank, L. D., Iusitini, L., Forsyth, E., Stewart, T. I., Paterson, J. E., Tautolo, E., Savila, F., & Rush, E. C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183375 · Cited by 6
Perceptions and experiences of outdoor occupational workers using digital devices for geospatial biometeorological monitoring
Sugg, M. M., Fuhrmann, C. M., & Runkle, J. D. (2019) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-019-01833-8 · Cited by 4
A statistical framework for measuring the temporal stability of human mobility patterns
Dong, Z., Chen, Y., & Dobra, A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1080/02664763.2019.1711363 · Cited by 4
Urban Vitality Assessment Using Spatial Big Data and Nighttime Light Satellite Image: A Case Study of Daegu
Jeong, S.-Y., & Jun, B.-W. (2020) · Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies · doi:10.11108/kagis.2020.23.4.217 · Cited by 4
Incongruency of youth food and physical activity environments in the United States: Variations by region, rurality, and income
Wende, M. E., Alhasan, D. M., Hallum, S. H., Stowe, E. W., Eberth, J. M., Liese, A. D., Breneman, C. B., McLain, A. C., & Kaczynski, A. T. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106594 · Cited by 5
Comparing Mobility-Based PM2.5 Concentrations and Activity Satisfaction in Beijing between 2012 and 2017
Rao, J., Ma, J., & Chai, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021386 · Cited by 4
Social remittances and interpersonal communication: Moldovans in Prague and Turin
Drbohlav, D., & Dzúrová, D. (2023) · Geografie · doi:10.37040/geografie.2023.002 · Cited by 4
The Role of Data Sample Uncertainty in Delineations of Core Based Statistical Areas and Rural Urban Commuting Areas
Fowler, C. S., & Cromartie, J. (2023) · Spatial Demography · doi:10.1007/s40980-023-00118-4 · Cited by 4
Rhythm of Exposure in Town Centres: A Case Study of Lancaster City Centre
Otu, E., Ashworth, K., & Tsekleves, E. (2024) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments11070132 · Cited by 4
Detecting Attribute-Based Homogeneous Patches Using Spatial Clustering: A Comparison Test
Dao, T. H. D., & Thill, J. (2017) · Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59539-9_4 · Cited by 4
Population density is beneficially associated with 12-year diabetes risk marker change among residents of lower socio-economic neighborhoods
Cauwenberg, J. V., Dunstan, D. W., Cerin, E., Koohsari, M. J., Sugiyama, T., & Owen, N. G. (2019) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.006 · Cited by 5
Freedom of Information and Personal Confidentiality in Spatial COVID-19 Data
Beenstock, M., & Felsenstein, D. (2021) · Journal of Official Statistics · doi:10.2478/jos-2021-0035 · Cited by 4
Towards Mobility Turn in Urban Planning: Smart Travel Planning Based on Space-Time Behavior in Beijing, China
Chai, Y., & Chen, Z. (2017) · Advances in geographic information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51929-6_17 · Cited by 4
Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach
Breyer, E. (2000) · doi:10.15760/etd.1669 · Cited by 4
Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement
Gehrke, S. R. (2017) · doi:10.15760/etd.3353 · Cited by 4
Scale, Analytical
Crawford, T. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10024-1 · Cited by 4
Modeling spatial accessibility for in-vitro fertility (IVF) care services in Iowa
Gharani, P. (2014) · doi:10.17077/etd.uy8dugts · Cited by 4
Association of activity-based food environment index with obesity-related cancer mortality in the US
Lin, Q., Chen, X., Xiang, X., Lyu, W., Miao, C., Zhang, G., & Xu, R. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03967-6 · Cited by 4
Deconstructing rurality to better “place” health data
Beene, D., Lin, Y., Hoover, J. H., & Shi, X. (2025) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2482718 · Cited by 4
Examining the complex and cumulative effects of environmental exposures on noise perception through interpretable spatio-temporal graph convolutional networks
Song, L., Kwan, M., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109731 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Relative accessibility gain: Local linkages between multi-occupational segregation and job accessibility differentials
Shen, Y. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106538 · Cited by 3
Pedestrian–Environment Interactions: Multivariate Data-Based Correlations between Street Morphology and Urban Vitality
Gao, J., Xie, J., Liu, F., Huang, Y., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Journal of Urban Planning and Development · doi:10.1061/jupddm.upeng-5736 · Cited by 3
Unveiling the contextual nonstationary effects of the built environment on individual air pollution exposure: a mobile sensor big data driven research design
Lu, D., & Kwan, M. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110054 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Spatial downscaling of multivariate disease risk
Payares‐Garcia, D., Osei, F., Mateu, J., & Stein, A. (2026) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-025-00450-6 · Cited by 3
The role of residential urban form and built environment in supporting social interaction, health, and well-being: a focus on forming and maintaining ties
Ishikawa, T., Kyttä, M., & Rinne, T. E. (2026) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-026-00451-z · Cited by 3
Delineating public life-oriented metro station catchment areas: A framework integrating empirical observation, street view imagery, and machine learning
Duan, C., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.106865 · Cited by 3
Leveraging real-time personal monitoring of air pollution and physical activity levels, and location tracking for mobility- and inhaled dose-based assessments of exposure and health risk
Jin, A., Park, Y. M., Chen, X., Liang, L., & Gong, P. (2026) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-026-15090-x · Cited by 3
The built environment and momentary loneliness among older adults: Evidence from the Chicago Health and Activity in Real-Time (CHART) study
Cai, L., Zhu, C., & Cagney, K. A. (2026) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103647 · Cited by 3
What we count shapes what we learn: A systematic review of age-friendly urban environments and later-life well-being
Zou, Y., Mak, K., Lo, W., & Yang, M. (2026) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103649 · Cited by 3
The impact of person-environment fit from age-friendly neighbourhood on older adults' subjective wellbeing in China
Pan, Z., Pearce, J., Liu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105622 · Cited by 3
Building use-wellbeing associations: A spatial perspective
Dong, Z., Yun, Y., Sun, Y., & Wang, F. (2021) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103493 · Cited by 3
The impact of residential and non-residential environments on non-communicable disease in Ghanaian cities: The role of gender
Konkor, I., & Kuuire, V. Z. (2023) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2023.104568 · Cited by 3
Overlapping cancer service areas: Delineation and implications
Wang, C., Onega, T., & Wang, F. (2024) · Transactions in GIS · doi:10.1111/tgis.13140 · Cited by 3
Geospatial Science and Health: Overview of Data and Methods
Harden, S. R., & Schuurman, N. (2024) · Global perspectives on health geography · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66413-7_4 · Cited by 3
Examining hazard-induced mobility patterns and decision-making in a space-time context using large-scale mobile phone data
Xia, C., & Yeh, A. G. O. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105622 · Cited by 3
Nonlinear effects of transit on children’s activity range: Mobile phone data insights
Huang, S.-T., & Zhou, P. (2025) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2025.104774 · Cited by 3

Authors: Kwan, M.-P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Kwan, Mei-Po
ORCID: Kwan, Mei-Po
Venue: Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 102
Issue: 5
Pages: 958-968
ISSN: 0004-5608 (ISSN-L)
1467-8306
DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349
OpenAlex: W1987264627
Cited by: 1,413
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 116.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annals of the Association of American Geographers (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Keywords: modifiable areal unit problem, neighborhood effects, spatial uncertainty, temporal uncertainty, environmental health, confounding

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks