Cited by 1,413Spatial and Panel Data AnalysisHealth disparities and outcomesUrban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Kwan, Mei-Po·2012·Annals of the Association of American Geographers

DOI 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Any study that examines the effects of area-based attributes on individual behaviors or outcomes faces another fundamental methodological problem besides the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). It is the problem that results about these effects can be affected by how contextual units or neighborhoods are geographically delineated and the extent to which these areal units deviate from the true geographic context. The problem arises because of the spatial uncertainty in the actual areas that exert the contextual influences under study and the temporal uncertainty in the timing and duration in which individuals experienced these contextual influences. Using neighborhood effects and environmental health research as a point of departure, this article clarifies the nature and sources of this problem, which is referred to as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). It highlights some of the inferential errors that the UGCoP might cause and discusses some means for mitigating the problem. It reviews recent studies to show that both contextual variables and research findings are sensitive to different delineations of contextual units. The article argues that the UGCoP is a problem as fundamental as the MAUP but is a different kind of problem. Future research needs to pay explicit attention to its potential confounding effects on research results and to methods for mitigating the problem.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Understanding individual human mobility patterns
González, M. C., Hidalgo, C. A., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06958 · Cited by 6,186
The New Mobilities Paradigm
Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a37268 · Cited by 6,151
Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114 · Cited by 4,074
WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE IN REGIONAL SCIENCE?
Hägerstrand, T. (1970) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01464.x · Cited by 3,532
Neighborhoods and health
Roux, A. V. D., & Mair, C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x · Cited by 2,922
Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?
MacIntyre, S., Ellaway, A., & Cummins, S. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00214-3 · Cited by 2,099
Investigating Neighborhood and Area Effects on Health
Roux, A. V. D. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1783 · Cited by 1,895
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
Shekhar, S., Xiong, H. Y., & Zhou, X. S. (2017) · Encyclopedia of GIS · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_100791 · Cited by 1,888
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Fotheringham, A. S., & Wong, D. (1991) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a231025 · Cited by 1,561
Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form
Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J. E., & Saelens, B. E. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001 · Cited by 1,553

Show all 56 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Kwan, M.P., Kenda, L. L., Wewers, M. E., Ferketich, A. K. and Klein, E. G. 2011. “Sociogeographic context, pro-tobacco advertising, and smokeless tobacco usage in the Appalachian Region of Ohio (USA)”. Paper presented at the 2011 International Medical Geography Symposium, Durham, UK
Löytönen M., 1998, GIS and health, 97

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,001

Developing Better Measures of Neighbourhood Characteristics and Change for Use in Studies of Residential Mobility: A Case Study of Britain in the Early 2000s
Gambaro, L., Joshi, H. E., Lupton, R., Fenton, A., & Lennon, M. C. (2015) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-015-9164-0 · Cited by 12
Parents and Peers: Parental Neighbourhood- and School-Level Variation in Individual Neighbourhood Outcomes Later in Life
de Vuijst, E., & van Ham, M. (2018) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcy041 · Cited by 11
Ethnicity and place: the geography of diabetes inequalities under a strong welfare state
Nosrati, E., Jenum, A. K., Tran, A. T., Marmot, M. G., & KING, L. P. (2017) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx119 · Cited by 12
Built environment and car driving distance in a small city context
Wolday, F. (2018) · Journal of Transport and Land Use · doi:10.5198/jtlu.2018.1176 · Cited by 12
Adding Spatial Context to the April 17, 1975 Evacuation of Phnom Penh: How Spatial Video Geonarratives Can Geographically Enrich Genocide Testimony
Curtis, A. J., Tyner, J. A., Ajayakumar, J., Kimsroy, S., & Ly, K.-C. (2019) · GeoHumanities · doi:10.1080/2373566x.2019.1624186 · Cited by 12
Ecologies of juvenile reoffending: A systematic review of risk factors
Jacobs, L. A., Ashcraft, L. E., Sewall, C. J. R., Folb, B. L., & Mair, C. (2019) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101638 · Cited by 14
Geographic monitoring for early disease detection (GeoMEDD)
Curtis, A. J., Ajayakumar, J., Curtis, J., Mihalik, S., Purohit, M. P., Scott, Z., Muisyo, J., Labadorf, J., Vijitakula, S., Yax, J. A., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78704-5 · Cited by 12
Rethinking the link between the availability of neighborhood PA facilities and PA behavior: A comparison between private and public housing
Wang, R., Grekousis, G., & Lü, Y. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108401 · Cited by 12
High spatiotemporal resolution mapping of PM2.5 concentrations under a pollution scene assumption
Xu, S., Zou, B., Ying, X., Wan, N., Feng, H., Hu, C., & Lin, Y. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129409 · Cited by 12
Daily mobility, greenspace exposure and affective states: A systematic review of studies that use mobile methods
Deng, H., Kandt, J., Signorelli, V., & Shelton, N. J. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105407 · Cited by 12
Impact of travel time uncertainties on modeling of spatial accessibility: a comparison of street data sources
Lin, Y., Lippitt, C. D., Beene, D., & Hoover, J. H. (2021) · Cartography and Geographic Information Science · doi:10.1080/15230406.2021.1960609 · Cited by 11
Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion and Perceived Control
Gepty, A. A., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01805-7 · Cited by 11
Varying Built Environment Contexts and Trip Chain Decisions: A Multinomial-Choice Gradient Boosting Decision Trees Analysis
Zhang, W., Lu, D., Liu, H., & Li, B. (2023) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100684 · Cited by 11
Perceived built environment as a mediator linking objective built environment and leisure-time physical activity in Chinese cities
Zhang, S., Ran, L., Fan, X., Zhang, Y., & Guo, H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65737-3 · Cited by 11
Revisiting the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem: Expanding Its Scope to Include Indoor Geographic Contexts and Dynamics in Environmental Health and Social Science Research
Park, Y. M., & Kwan, M. (2025) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2025.2472974 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Extracting Stops from Spatio-Temporal Trajectories within Dynamic Contextual Features
Wu, T., Shen, H., Qin, J., & Xiang, L. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13020690 · Cited by 11
Influence of the Social Environment on Ideal Cardiovascular Health
Singh, S. S., Stranges, S., Wilk, P., TANG, A. S. L., & Frisbee, S. J. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.026790 · Cited by 11
An urban neighbourhood framework for realising progress towards the New Urban Agenda for equitable early childhood development
Badland, H. M., Villanueva, K., Alderton, A., Davern, M. T., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2023) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2023.2192339 · Cited by 14
Cross-sectional associations between work and commute hours with frequency and location of food outlet visits: The moderating role of 20-minute neighbourhoods
Oostenbach, L. H., Lamb, K. E., Crawford, D. A., Timperio, A. F., & Thornton, L. E. (2023) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2023.104345 · Cited by 11
Inside and outside the neighborhood: Short-term and long-term subjective well-being by geographical context
Su, L., Zhou, S., Song, J., & Zhao, H. (2023) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103086 · Cited by 11
Understanding Social Inequality in Individual Perceived Exposures to Air Pollution in Residential and Visited Neighborhoods: A Study Using Association Rule Mining
Cai, J., & Kwan, M. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2236190 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Caregiver perceptions of the neighborhood food environment and their relationship with the home food environment and childhood obesity in Northeast China
Liu, Y., Gittelsohn, J., Thorne‐Lyman, A., Song, S., Orta‐Aleman, D., Ma, Y., & Wen, D. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104447 · Cited by 11
“Distance‐Driven” Versus “Density‐Driven”: Understanding the Role of “Source‐Case” Distance and Gathering Places in the Localized Spatial Clustering of COVID‐19—A Case Study of the Xinfadi Market, Beijing (China)
Zhang, S., Yang, Z., Wang, M., & Zhang, B. (2021) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2021gh000458 · Cited by 9
Analyzing differences between spatial exposure estimation methods: A case study of outdoor food and beverage advertising in London, Canada
Wray, A. J. D., Martin, G., Doherty, S. T., & Gilliland, J. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102641 · Cited by 11
Improving spatial data in health geographics: a practical approach for testing data to measure children’s physical activity and food environments using Google Street View
Whitehead, J., Smith, M., Anderson, Y. C., Zhang, Y., Wu, S., Maharaj, S., & Donnellan, N. (2021) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-021-00288-8 · Cited by 11
Urban form in Canada at a small-area level: Quantifying “compactness” and “sprawl” with bayesian multivariate spatial factor analysis
Luan, H., & Fuller, D. (2021) · Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/23998083211062901 · Cited by 11
Social capital and geographical variation in the incidence of COVID-19: an ecological study
Saville, C. W. N., & Thomas, D. R. (2022) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2021-217360 · Cited by 11
A Multilevel Analysis of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Effect on Preterm Births in Georgia, USA
Tu, W., Tu, J., & Tedders, S. H. (2015) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.638 · Cited by 11
Association between distance to nearest supermarket and provision of fruits and vegetables in English nurseries
Burgoine, T., Gallis, J. A., Penney, T. L., Monsivais, P., & Neelon, S. E. B. (2017) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.05.018 · Cited by 11
Fine-Scale Spatial Variability of Pedestrian-Level Particulate Matters in Compact Urban Commercial Districts in Hong Kong
Shi, Y., & Ng, E. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14091008 · Cited by 11
Multi-level temporal autoregressive modelling of daily activity satisfaction using GPS-integrated activity diary data
Dong, G., Ma, J., Kwan, M., Wang, Y., & Chai, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2018.1504219 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Does activity context and its temporality matter in the stress-relieving effect of greenspace? Evidence based on individual mobile sensing
Yu, C., Kwan, M., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106526 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
How multiple environmental perceptions mediate associations between urban blue-green spaces exposures and the subjective well-being of migrants
Zhan, D., Zhou, J., Liu, D., Yu, X., Yang, T., Zhang, W., & Kwan, M. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106556 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Wearable data link urban green space to physical activity
Lu, Y., Reichert, M., Guerry, A. D., Yuan, Q., Li, Y., Rydström, A., Wu, T., Reinhard, I., Rehder, J., King, A. C., et al. (2025) · Nature Health · doi:10.1038/s44360-025-00011-y · Cited by 11
Impacts of distinct travel behaviors on potential air pollution exposure measurement error
Lu, Y., & Habre, R. (2023) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119820 · Cited by 10
Is prefecture-level city a “city” in China: a critical review
Chen, Z., & Yeh, A. G. O. (2023) · Eurasian Geography and Economics · doi:10.1080/15387216.2023.2267064 · Cited by 10
Staycation or holiday? Exploring camping’s contribution to subjective well-being during COVID-19
Liu, F., Zhao, Y., & Mao, Z. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2023.2264958 · Cited by 10
An analysis of built environment characteristics in daily activity spaces and associations with bike share use
Ethier, B. G., Wilson, J. S., Camhi, S. M., Shi, L., & Troped, P. J. (2024) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100850 · Cited by 10
Comparing the impacts of built environment across different objective life neighborhoods on the out-of-home leisure activities of employed people using massive mobile phone data
Xiong, Q., Xing, L., Wang, L., Liu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103382 · Cited by 10
Social inequalities in green exposure in small- and medium-sized U.S. cities: A mobility-based approach
Jang, K. M., & Kim, J. (2025) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103142 · Cited by 12
The time-lagged effect of noise exposure on noise annoyance: The role of temporal, spatial and social contexts
Song, J., Zhou, S., Kwan, M., Song, G., Long, J., & Song, W. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117817 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Political Science
Lee, D. W., Rogers, M. Z., & Soifer, H. D. (2025) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1017/pan.2025.2 · Cited by 10
Association between real-time noise exposure in broader activity contexts and job satisfaction: Evidence from Guangzhou, China
Song, J., Zhou, S., Kwan, M., Liao, Y., Liu, D., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105912 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Displacement in Activities Space? Identification of Activity‐Space‐Based Gentrification via Mobile Phone Data
Xiao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.70026 · Cited by 10
Exploring the influencing factors of noise complaints in New York City based on an interpretable machine learning model
Song, L., Zhang, A., & Kwan, M. (2025) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108100 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
How green space quantity and quality across different geographic contexts impact mental health
Li, H., Chen, R., Wu, J., & Ta, N. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106439 · Cited by 11
Extending multilevel spatial models to include spatially varying coefficients
Janko, M., Goel, V., & Emch, M. (2019) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102235 · Cited by 10
The Role of Neighborhood Experiences in Psychological Distress Among African American and White Smokers
Scheuermann, T. S., Onge, J. M. S., Ramaswamy, M., Cox, L. S., Ahluwalia, J. S., & Nollen, N. L. (2020) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-020-09281-5 · Cited by 10
Objective and Subjective Neighborhood Crime Associated with Poor Sleep among Young Sexual Minority Men: a GPS Study
Huber, B. D., Kim, B., Chaix, B., Regan, S. D., & Duncan, D. T. (2022) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-022-00674-y · Cited by 10
Workers perception of and coping with the health risks of informal electronic waste recycling in Ghana
Asibey, M. O., King, R. S., Lykke, A. M., Inkoom, D. K. B., & Darko, G. (2022) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2022.2145601 · Cited by 10
The Indexification of Poverty: The Covert Politics of Small‐Area Indices
Kiely, E., & Strong, S. (2023) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.12959 · Cited by 10
Are Area-Level Measures of Employment Associated with Health Behaviours and Outcomes?
Badland, H. M., Milner, A. J., Roberts, R. J., & Giles‐Corti, B. (2016) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1417-z · Cited by 10
Statistical Methods to Study Variation in Associations Between Food Store Availability and Body Mass in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Baek, J., Hirsch, J. A., Moore, K., Tabb, L. P., Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, T., Lisabeth, L. D., Roux, A. V. D., & Sánchez, B. N. (2017) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000631 · Cited by 10
Path-dependency in segregation and social networks in the Netherlands
Heringa, A., Bolt, G., & Dijst, M. (2017) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2017.1301541 · Cited by 10
Measuring the effect of climate change on wars in history
Lee, H. F. (2018) · Asian Geographer · doi:10.1080/10225706.2018.1504807 · Cited by 10
Travel-related exposure to air pollution and its socio-environmental inequalities: Evidence from a week-long GPS-based travel diary dataset
Guo, W., Chai, Y., & Kwan, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815822-7.00013-3 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Cross-sectional associations between the neighborhood built environment and physical activity in a rural setting: the Bogalusa Heart Study
Gustat, J., Anderson, C. E., Chukwurah, Q., Wallace, M. E., Broyles, S. T., & Bazzano, L. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09509-4 · Cited by 10
Where we eat is who we are: a survey of food-related travel patterns to Singapore’s hawker centers, food courts and coffee shops
Tan, S. B., & Arcaya, M. C. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01031-5 · Cited by 10
Dynamic-IMD (D-IMD): Introducing activity spaces to deprivation measurement in London, Birmingham and Liverpool
Comber, S., Park, S., & Arribas‐Bel, D. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.103733 · Cited by 10
Modeling COVID-19 with big mobility data: Surveillance and reaffirming the people in the data
Walsh, T. P. (2023) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517231164115 · Cited by 10
Contemporary Geographic Variation and Sociodemographic Correlates of Hysterectomy Rates Among Reproductive-Age Women
Gartner, D. R., Doll, K. M., Hummer, R. A., & Robinson, W. R. (2018) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000000870 · Cited by 10
The Dynamics of Urban Neighborhoods: A Survey of Approaches for Modeling Socio-Spatial StructurePreprint
Knaap, E., Wolf, L. J., Rey, S. J., Kang, W., & Han, S. (2019) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/3frcz · Cited by 10
Informal electronic waste recycling in Ghanaian cities: environmental risks awareness and attitudes
Asibey, M. O., King, R. S., Lykke, A. M., Inkoom, D. K. B., & Wireko-Gyebi, R. S. (2022) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-022-00419-3 · Cited by 9
Multi-scale population analysis unit construction method considering scene feature variability and long/short-term patterns in spatiotemporal population activities
Hu, Q., Li, R., Yang, X., & Wu, H. (2024) · International Journal of Digital Earth · doi:10.1080/17538947.2024.2358850 · Cited by 9
Association of residential greenness with incident allergic rhinitis among adults: A prospective analysis of UK Biobank
Weng, X., Liao, G., Wang, F., Li, W., Kwan, M., Arrandale, V. H., & Tse, L. A. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174184 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Assessing bias in personal exposure estimates when indoor air quality is ignored: A comparison between GPS-enabled mobile air sensor data and stationary outdoor sensor data
Opejin, A. O., & Park, Y. M. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175249 · Cited by 9
Integrated transit service status assessment using smart transit card big data under the x-minute city framework
Liu, D., Wei, J., & Kan, Z. (2025) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104189 · Cited by 9
Towards typology-based management of urban commuting carbon emission characteristics: Identification of commuting behavior and carbon emission accounting based on individual spatiotemporal big data
Yang, Y., Xie, F., Fu, M., Dong, R., & Huang, W. J. (2025) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2025.106327 · Cited by 9
Fine-grained local climate zone classification using graph networks: A building-centric approach
Li, S., Liu, P., & Stouffs, R. M. F. A. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112928 · Cited by 9
Variability in mobility-based air pollution exposure assessment: Effects of GPS tracking duration and temporal resolution of air pollution maps
Wei, L., Helbich, M., Flückiger, B., Shen, Y., Vlaanderen, J. J., Jeong, A., Probst-Hensch, N. M., de Hoogh, K., Hoek, G., & Vermeulen, R. C. H. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109454 · Cited by 9
Darker nights, happier lives? The impact of urban green space night-time accessibility on residents' subjective happiness: A case study of the main urban area of Hangzhou
Zheng, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, M., Zhu, R., & Jin, Y. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106510 · Cited by 9
Comparing Predictive Power of Area-Level Socioeconomic Status Indices Across Health Outcomes and Geographic Levels
Rossi, F. M., Franchi, L., Barreto, N., Chorniy, A., Weston, B. W., Meurer, J., Whittle, J., Ackermann, R. T., & Black, B. S. (2025) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002272 · Cited by 10
Social media big data reveals how mobility reshapes human environmental exposure inequality
Zhang, Y., Kwan, M., Ma, H., Fang, L., Chen, Z., & Chen, N. (2026) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105600 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Understand the Multi-Level Effects of the Built Environment on Trip-Chaining Behavior
Pang, H., & Zhang, M. (2019) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.1177/0361198119835537 · Cited by 9
Geographical Variation in Local Gender Contracts in Sweden
Haandrikman, K., Webster, N. A., & Duvander, A. (2021) · Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-020-09371-2 · Cited by 9
Measuring Environmental Justice in Real Time: A Pilot Study Using Digital Participatory Method in the Global South, Nepal
Shrestha, R., Telkmann, K., Schüz, B., Koju, P., Shrestha, R., Karmacharya, B., & Bolte, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084752 · Cited by 9
Protective Places: the Relationship between Neighborhood Quality and Preterm Births to Black Women in Oakland, California (2007–2011)
Berkowitz, R. L., Mujahid, M. S., Pearl, M., Poon, V., Reid, C., & Allen, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-022-00624-8 · Cited by 13
Sensing the Nighttime Economy–Housing Imbalance from a Mobile Phone Data Perspective: A Case Study in Shanghai
Li, M., Tu, W., & Lu, F. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14122738 · Cited by 9
The Geographic Context of Racial Disparities in Aggressive Endometrial Cancer Subtypes: Integrating Social and Environmental Aspects to Discern Biological Outcomes
Miller, A. K., Gordon, J., Curtis, A., Ajayakumar, J., Schumacher, F. R., & Avril, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148613 · Cited by 9
When Is a Matrix a Geographical Network?
Neal, Z. P., Derudder, B., & van Meeteren, M. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2271562 · Cited by 9
A realistic and multilevel measurement of citywide spatial patterns of economic segregation based on human activities
Qiao, M., Wang, Y., Wu, S., Fu, X., Gu, Y., & Dou, M. (2020) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.103067 · Cited by 9
Do Individuals’ Activity Structures Influence Their PM2.5 Exposure Levels? Evidence from Human Trajectory Data in Wuhan City
Ma, S., Yang, L., Kwan, M.-P., Zuo, Z., Qian, H., & Li, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094583 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
A Generalized Model of Activity Space
Spielman, S. E., & Singleton, A. D. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2077165 · Cited by 9
Extending the Boundaries of Place
Siordia, C., & Matthews, S. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22810-5_3 · Cited by 8
Differential Effects of Neighborhood Type on Adolescent Alcohol Use in New Zealand
Jackson, N., Denny, S., Sheridan, J. L., Zhao, J., & Ameratunga, S. N. (2016) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0677-9 · Cited by 9
Ground truthing spatial disaster recovery metrics with participatory mapping in post-Katrina Mississippi
Schumann, R. L. (2018) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.08.003 · Cited by 9
Neighborhood Violence Impacts Disease Control and Surveillance: Case Study of Cali, Colombia from 2014 to 2016
Krystosik, A., Curtis, A., LaBeaud, A. D., Davalos, D. M., Pacheco, R., Buritica, P., Álvarez, Á., Bhatta, M. P., PALACIOS, J. H. R., & James, M. A. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15102144 · Cited by 9
Assessing urban‐rural climate resilience of metropolitan Yangon, Myanmar
Pang, P. Y., Guo, Z., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography · doi:10.1111/sjtg.12383 · Cited by 9
Methods of Social Sensing for Urban Studies
Liu, Y., Gao, S., Yuan, Y., Zhang, F., Kang, C., Kang, Y., & Wang, K. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119625865.ch4 · Cited by 9
Regional Intergroup BiasPreprint
Calanchini, J., Hehman, E., Ebert, T., Wilson;Wilson, L., Simon, D., & Esposito, E. E. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gh9vj · Cited by 23
Optimizing the spatial scale for neighborhood environment characteristics using fine-grained data
Cheng, J., Zhang, X., & Huang, J. (2021) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102659 · Cited by 8
Rethinking urban-rural designations in public health surveillance of the overdose crisis and crafting an agenda for future monitoring
Textor, L., Friedman, J. R., Bourgois, P. I., Aronowitz, S. V., Simon, C., Jauffret‐Roustide, M., Namirembe, S., Brothers, S., McNeil, R., Knight, K. R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104072 · Cited by 8
Fuzzy Bayesian inference for mapping vague and place-based regions: a case study of sectarian territory
Huck, J., Whyatt, D., Davies, G., Dixon, J. A., Sturgeon, B., Hocking, B. T., Tredoux, C. G., Jarman, N., & Bryan, D. (2023) · International Journal of Geographical Information Systems · doi:10.1080/13658816.2023.2229894 · Cited by 8
From the margins of Geographical Information Systems: Limitations, challenges, and proposals
Font-Casaseca, N., & Rodó-Zárate, M. (2024) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325241240231 · Cited by 14
Examining the impact of daily urban activity on spatial segregation: disparities in the proportion of foreign-born residents across residential areas and visited locations
Hołubowska, O., & Poorthuis, A. (2024) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2024.2352502 · Cited by 8
Restoring nature, enhancing active mobility: The role of street greenery in the EU’s 2024 restoration law
Korpilo, S., Willberg, E. S., Müürisepp, K., Klein, R., Taylor, R., Torkko, J., Hasanzadeh, K., & Toivonen, T. (2025) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-025-02178-w · Cited by 10
Associations of street-view greenspace exposure with cardiovascular health (Life’s Essential 8) among women in midlife
Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Yi, L., Aris, I. M., Lin, P. D., Hivert, M., Chavarro, J. E., Süel, E., James, P., & Oken, E. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00718-3 · Cited by 8
A methodological review of the assessment of urban greenery exposure
Liu, D., Lü, Y., & Biljecki, F. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129169 · Cited by 10
Participatory geographic mapping and activity space diaries: innovative data collection methods for understanding environmental risk exposures among female sex workers in a low-to middle-income country
Felker-Kantor, E., Polanco, C., Pérez, M., Donastorg, Y., Andrinopoulos, K., Kendall, C., Kerrigan, D. L., & Theall, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-021-00279-9 · Cited by 8
Nonlinear relationship between nonresidential destinations and body mass index across a wide range of development
Bonnell, L. N., Troy, A. R., & Littenberg, B. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106775 · Cited by 8

Authors: Kwan, M.-P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Kwan, Mei-Po
ORCID: Kwan, Mei-Po
Venue: Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 102
Issue: 5
Pages: 958-968
ISSN: 0004-5608 (ISSN-L)
1467-8306
DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349
OpenAlex: W1987264627
Cited by: 1,413
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 116.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annals of the Association of American Geographers (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Keywords: modifiable areal unit problem, neighborhood effects, spatial uncertainty, temporal uncertainty, environmental health, confounding

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks