Cited by 1,413Spatial and Panel Data AnalysisHealth disparities and outcomesUrban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Kwan, Mei-Po·2012·Annals of the Association of American Geographers

DOI 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Any study that examines the effects of area-based attributes on individual behaviors or outcomes faces another fundamental methodological problem besides the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). It is the problem that results about these effects can be affected by how contextual units or neighborhoods are geographically delineated and the extent to which these areal units deviate from the true geographic context. The problem arises because of the spatial uncertainty in the actual areas that exert the contextual influences under study and the temporal uncertainty in the timing and duration in which individuals experienced these contextual influences. Using neighborhood effects and environmental health research as a point of departure, this article clarifies the nature and sources of this problem, which is referred to as the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). It highlights some of the inferential errors that the UGCoP might cause and discusses some means for mitigating the problem. It reviews recent studies to show that both contextual variables and research findings are sensitive to different delineations of contextual units. The article argues that the UGCoP is a problem as fundamental as the MAUP but is a different kind of problem. Future research needs to pay explicit attention to its potential confounding effects on research results and to methods for mitigating the problem.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Understanding individual human mobility patterns
González, M. C., Hidalgo, C. A., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06958 · Cited by 6,186
The New Mobilities Paradigm
Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a37268 · Cited by 6,151
Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Gannon-Rowley, T. (2002) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114 · Cited by 4,074
WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE IN REGIONAL SCIENCE?
Hägerstrand, T. (1970) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01464.x · Cited by 3,532
Neighborhoods and health
Roux, A. V. D., & Mair, C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x · Cited by 2,922
Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?
MacIntyre, S., Ellaway, A., & Cummins, S. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00214-3 · Cited by 2,099
Investigating Neighborhood and Area Effects on Health
Roux, A. V. D. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1783 · Cited by 1,895
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
Shekhar, S., Xiong, H. Y., & Zhou, X. S. (2017) · Encyclopedia of GIS · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_100791 · Cited by 1,888
The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Fotheringham, A. S., & Wong, D. (1991) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a231025 · Cited by 1,561
Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form
Frank, L. D., Schmid, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Chapman, J. E., & Saelens, B. E. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.11.001 · Cited by 1,553

Show all 56 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Kwan, M.P., Kenda, L. L., Wewers, M. E., Ferketich, A. K. and Klein, E. G. 2011. “Sociogeographic context, pro-tobacco advertising, and smokeless tobacco usage in the Appalachian Region of Ohio (USA)”. Paper presented at the 2011 International Medical Geography Symposium, Durham, UK
Löytönen M., 1998, GIS and health, 97

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,001

Assembling Political Parties
Page, S., & Dittmer, J. (2015) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12208 · Cited by 18
Contextualizing Overdoses in Los Angeles's Skid Row between 2014 and 2016 by Leveraging the Spatial Knowledge of the Marginalized as a Resource
Curtis, A. J., Felix, C., Mitchell, S., Ajayakumar, J., & Kerndt, P. R. (2018) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2018.1471386 · Cited by 18
Built environment and loneliness in later life: productive engagement as the pathway
Fu, Y., Wang, Y., & Guo, Y. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2329642 · Cited by 19
Geographical heterogeneity across England in associations between the neighbourhood built environment and body mass index
Mason, K., Pearce, N. E., & Cummins, S. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102645 · Cited by 17
Neighborhood disadvantage moderates the effect of a mobile health intervention on adolescent depression
Mennis, J. L., McKeon, T. P., Coatsworth, J. D., Russell, M. A., Coffman, D. L., & Mason, M. J. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102728 · Cited by 17
Influence and Mechanism of a Multi-Scale Built Environment on the Leisure Activities of the Elderly: Evidence from Hefei City in China
Han, H., Kai, Y., Yang, C., Yang, G., & Xu, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159237 · Cited by 17
Do Greener Urban Streets Provide Better Emotional Experiences? An Experimental Study on Chinese Tourists
Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Li, J., Chang, J., & Lü, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416918 · Cited by 20
Mental Health in Urban Environments: Uncovering the Black Box of Person-Place Interactions Requires Interdisciplinary Approaches
Kanning, M. K., Yi, L., Yang, C., Niermann, C. Y. N., & Fina, S. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/41345 · Cited by 17
Mobility-oriented measurements of people’s exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) and the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP)
Liu, Y., & Kwan, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298869 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Health effects of greenspace morphology: Large, irregular-shaped, well-connected, and close-clustered greenspaces may reduce mortality risks, especially for neighborhoods with higher aging levels
Zhou, Y., & Lü, Y. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.120095 · Cited by 18
Assessing Dynamic Exposure to Air Pollution
Kwan, M., Liu, D., & Vogliano, J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9205-9_16 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Association between residential self-selection and non-residential built environment exposures
Howell, N. A., Farber, S., Widener, M. J., Allen, J., & Booth, G. L. (2018) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.08.009 · Cited by 17
Oil Spill Disruption and Problem Drinking: Assessing the Impact of Religious Context among Gulf Coast Residents
Drakeford, L., Parks, V., Slack, T., Ramchand, R., Finucane, M. L., & Lee, M. R. (2019) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-019-09520-7 · Cited by 17
Social and physical neighbourhood characteristics and loneliness among older adults: results from the MINDMAP project
Timmermans, E. J., Motoc, I., Noordzij, J. M., Beenackers, M. A., Wissa, R., Sarr, A., Gurer, A., Fabre, G., Ruiz, M. A., Doiron, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214217 · Cited by 18
Green spaces, subjective health and depressed affect in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-country comparison of four European cohorts
Noordzij, J., Beenackers, M., Groeniger, J. O., Timmermans, E., Chaix, B., Doiron, D., Huisman, M., Motoc, I., Ruiz, M. A., Wissa, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214257 · Cited by 16
Exposure to night‐time light pollution and risk of prolonged duration of labor: A nationwide cohort study
Windsperger, K., Kiss, H., Oberaigner, W., Leitner, H., Binder, F., Muin, D. A., Foessleitner, P., Husslein, P. W., & Farr, A. (2021) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12577 · Cited by 17
Using Internal Migration to Estimate the Causal Effect of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Context on Health: A Longitudinal Analysis, England, 1995–2008
Green, M. A., Arcaya, M. C., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2017.1310021 · Cited by 17
Green, Brown, and Gray: Associations between Different Measurements of Land Patterns and Depression among Nursing Students in El Paso, Texas
Nazif‐Muñoz, J. I., Laurent, J. G. C., Browning, M. H. E. M., Spengler, J. D., & Alvarez, H. A. O. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218146 · Cited by 16
This is the place: a multi-level analysis of neighbourhood correlates of adolescent wellbeing
Marquez, J., Humphrey, N., Black, L., & Wozmirska, S. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02531-y · Cited by 22
Seasonal differences in mobility and activity space in later life: a case study of older adults in the Northern Netherlands
Meijering, L., Osborne, T., van Doorne, M., & Weitkamp, G. (2023) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2023.2289453 · Cited by 16
How mobility-based exposure measures may mitigate the underestimation of the association between green space exposures and health
Liu, Y., Kwan, M., Song, L., Yu, C., & Cui, Y. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118190 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
A multivariate hierarchical regionalization method to discovering spatiotemporal patterns
Wang, H., Zhang, H., Zhu, H., Zhao, F., Jiang, S., Tang, G., & Xiong, L. (2023) · GIScience & Remote Sensing · doi:10.1080/15481603.2023.2176704 · Cited by 16
Improving NO2 prediction by integrating tree diversity, urban form, and scale sensitivity through mobile monitoring
Tian, Y., Wang, A., Mora, S., deSouza, P., Yao, X. A., Duarte, F., Lin, H., & Ratti, C. (2023) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.102943 · Cited by 17
Minute level smartphone derived exposure to greenness and consumer wearable derived physical activity in a cohort of US women
Wilt, G. E., Roscoe, C., Hu, C., Mehta, U., Coull, B. A., Hart, J. E., Gortmaker, S. L., Laden, F., & James, P. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116864 · Cited by 16
Global positioning system-based food environment exposures, diet-related, and cardiometabolic health outcomes: a systematic review and research agenda
Siddiqui, N. Z., Wei, L., Mackenbach, J. D., de Pinho, M. G. M., Helbich, M., Schoonmade, L. J., & Beulens, J. W. J. (2024) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-024-00362-x · Cited by 17
Brief report: Using global positioning system (GPS) enabled cell phones to examine adolescent travel patterns and time in proximity to alcohol outlets
Byrnes, H. F., Miller, B. A., Morrison, C. N., Wiebe, D. J., Remer, L. G., & Wiehe, S. E. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.001 · Cited by 18
Cross-National Variation in Knowledge of Ovulation Timing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Iyanda, A. (2020) · Women s Reproductive Health · doi:10.1080/23293691.2020.1740484 · Cited by 16
Appreciating the complexity of localized malaria risk in Ghana: Spatial data challenges and solutions
Bempah, S., Curtis, A. J., Awandare, G. A., & Ajayakumar, J. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102382 · Cited by 15
Accuracy of buffers and self-drawn neighbourhoods in representing adolescent GPS measured activity spaces: An exploratory study
Christensen, A., Griffiths, C., Hobbs, M., Gorse, C. A., & Radley, D. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102569 · Cited by 16
Wave 1 results of the INTerventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) cohort study: Examining spatio-temporal measures for urban environments and health
Fuller, D., Bell, S., Firth, C. L., Muhajarine, N., NELSON, T. A., Stanley, K. G., Sones, M., Smith, J., Thierry, B., Laberee, K., et al. (2021) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102646 · Cited by 16
Disentangling Time Use, Food Environment, and Food Behaviors Using Multi‐Channel Sequence Analysis
Liu, B., Widener, M. J., Smith, L., Farber, S., Minaker, L. M., Patterson, Z., Larsen, K., & Gilliland, J. (2021) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12305 · Cited by 16
Mapping spatio-temporal variations of shrinkage in Finland
Makkonen, T., Inkinen, T., & Rautiainen, S. (2023) · Fennia · doi:10.11143/fennia.119495 · Cited by 16
Neighbourhood effects on body constitution–A case study of Hong Kong
Low, C.-T., Lai, P., Li, H. D., Ho, W. K., Wong, P. P. Y., Chen, S., & Wong, W. C. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.011 · Cited by 15
Residential and experienced social segregation: the roles of different transport modes, metro extensions, and longitudinal changes in Hong Kong
Loo, B. P. Y., Fan, Z., & Moro, E. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03963-w · Cited by 15
Urban conceptions of economic inequalities
Akyelken, N. (2020) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343404.2020.1732902 · Cited by 15
Effects of built environment on activity participation under different space-time constraints: A case study of Guangzhou, China
Chen, Z., & Yeh, A. G. O. (2020) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2020.08.007 · Cited by 15
Measuring individuals’ mobility-based exposure to neighborhood physical disorder with wearable cameras
Li, W., Long, Y., Kwan, M., Liu, N., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102728 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Urban‐rural disparities in childhood obesogenic environments in the United States: Application of differing rural definitions
Wende, M. E., Meyer, M. R. U., Abildso, C. G., Davis, K., & Kaczynski, A. T. (2022) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12677 · Cited by 14
Building a City with Low Noise Pollution: Exploring the Mental Health Effect Thresholds of Spatiotemporal Environmental Noise Exposure and Urban Planning Solution
Zhang, X., & Zhou, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054222 · Cited by 15
How accessibility to neighborhood grocery stores is related to older people's walking behavior: A study of Yokohama, Japan
Morioka, W., Kwan, M., Hino, K., & Yamada, I. (2023) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2023.101668 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Geographic uncertainties in external exposome studies: A multi-scale approach to reduce exposure misclassification
Tian, T., Kwan, M., Vermeulen, R. C. H., & Helbich, M. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167637 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Associations between urban greenspace and depressive symptoms in Mexico's cities using different greenspace metrics
Bakhtsiyarava, M., Ju, Y., Moran, M. R., Rodrı́guez, D. A., Dronova, I., Delclòs‐Alió, X., Moore, K., Castillo‐Riquelme, M., & Anza‐Ramirez, C. (2024) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103219 · Cited by 16
Smartphone GPS-Based Exposure to Greenspace and Walkability and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Early Postpartum—Evidence from the MADRES Cohort
Yi, L., Habre, R., Mason, T. B., Yan, X., Cabison, J., Rosales, M., Chu, D., Chavez, T., Johnson, M., Eckel, S. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-024-00903-6 · Cited by 16
Implications for spatial non-stationarity and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) in green inequality research: evidence from three states in the USA
Gyanwali, S., Karki, S., Jang, K. M., Crawford, T. W., Zhang, M., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Geographical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10109-024-00448-x · Cited by 18
Genetics: A New Landscape for Medical Geography
Carrel, M., & Emch, M. (2013) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045608.2013.784102 · Cited by 15
Defining Neighbourhoods as a Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment
Lyseen, A. K., Hansen, H. S., Henrik Harder, B., Jensen, A., & Mikkelsen, B. E. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120708504 · Cited by 15
Socioeconomic Discrepancies in Children’s Access to Physical Activity Facilities: Activity Space Analysis
Ravensbergen, L., Buliung, R. N., Wilson, K., & Faulkner, G. (2016) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2598-02 · Cited by 15
The other disadvantaged neighbourhood: income related effects of living in rural peripheries
Bernard, J., & Šafr, J. (2018) · Housing Studies · doi:10.1080/02673037.2018.1504008 · Cited by 15
Quantitative methods II: How we moved on – Decades of change in philosophy, focus and methods
Johnston, R. J., Harris, R., Jones, K., Manley, D., Wang, W. W., & Wolf, L. J. (2019) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132519869451 · Cited by 15
Do Spatial Boundaries Matter for Exploring the Impact of Community Green Spaces on Health?
Shin, J. C., Kwan, M., & Grigsby‐Toussaint, D. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207529 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Unraveling social inequalities in urban health care accessibility in Montevideo: A space-time approach
Hernández, D., & Rossel, C. (2022) · Journal of Urban Affairs · doi:10.1080/07352166.2022.2044838 · Cited by 15
Exploratory Analysis of Dengue Fever Niche Variables within the Río Magdalena Watershed
Stanforth, A., Moreno-Madriñán, M. J., & Ashby, J. L. (2016) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs8090770 · Cited by 16
Greenspace morphology and mental well-being: a mobility-based study on urban stress and emotion
Zheng, L., Kwan, M., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114090 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Introduction: geospatial health research and GIS
Shi, X., & Kwan, M. (2015) · Annals of GIS · doi:10.1080/19475683.2015.1031204 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Understanding how accessibility influences health via active travel: Results from a structural equation model
Kroesen, M., & van Wee, B. (2022) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103379 · Cited by 14
Periodicity and Variability in Daily Activity Satisfaction: Toward a Space-Time Modeling of Subjective Well-Being
Ma, J., & Dong, G. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2206476 · Cited by 14
Active Aging and Smart Public Parks
Boavida, J., Ayanoğlu, H., Pereira, C. V., & Hernández-Ramírez, R. (2023) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics8050094 · Cited by 17
Residential green and blue spaces and working memory in children aged 6–12 years old. Results from the INMA cohort
Subiza‐Pérez, M., García‐Baquero, G., Fernández‐Somoano, A., Guxens, M., González, L., Tardón, A., Dadvand, P., Estarlich, M., de Castro, M., McEachan, R., et al. (2023) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103136 · Cited by 14
Quantifying the nighttime economy–housing separation from a human activity standpoint: A case study in Shenzhen, China
Li, M., Tu, W., Tong, H., Cao, J., Zhong, C., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., & Li, Q. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.104894 · Cited by 14
Tracking Progress Toward Urban Nature Targets Using Landcover and Vegetation Indices: A Global Study for the 96 C40 Cities
Martin, G. K., O’Dell, K., Kinney, P. L., Jimenez, M. P., Rueda, D. R., Canales, R. A., & Anenberg, S. C. (2024) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2023gh000996 · Cited by 15
Method in relational-explanatory geography
Yeung, H. W. (2024) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325241248847 · Cited by 16
Exploring pedestrian thermal risk exposure and its determinants among various types of walking trips: A gendered examination from a GPS-based study in Nanjing
Ge, Y., Hu, Y., He, Z., Hu, W., Lu, Y., & Zhai, G. (2024) · Travel Behaviour and Society · doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100841 · Cited by 14
Is greenspace in the eye of the beholder? Exploring perceived and objective greenspace exposure effects on mental health
Rieves, E. S., Freis, S. M., Friedman, N. P., & Reid, C. E. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102468 · Cited by 17
The effects of green apartment living, neighborhood greenspace exposures and greenspace exposures in activity space on residents’ walking behaviors and mental health in China
Hu, H., Zhou, H., Cheng, J., & Shu, T. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103545 · Cited by 14
Investigating societal determinants of oral health—Opportunities and challenges in multilevel studies
Singh, A., Harford, J., & Peres, M. A. (2018) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12369 · Cited by 14
Developing a GIS-Based Online Survey Instrument to Elicit Perceived Neighborhood Geographies to Address the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem
Shmool, J. L. C., Johnson, I. L., Dodson, Z. M., Keene, R. M., Gradeck, R., Beach, S. R., & Clougherty, J. E. (2018) · The Professional Geographer · doi:10.1080/00330124.2017.1416299 · Cited by 14
Population allocation at the housing unit level: estimates around underground natural gas storage wells in PA, OH, NY, WV, MI, and CA
Michanowicz, D. R., Williams, S. R., Buonocore, J. J., Rowland, S. T., Konschnik, K., Goho, S. A., & Bernstein, A. S. (2019) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-019-0497-z · Cited by 14
The relationship between Mediterranean built environment and outdoor physical activity: evidence from GPS and accelerometer data among young adults in Barcelona
Delclòs‐Alió, X., Vich, G., & Miralles‐Guasch, C. (2020) · Landscape Research · doi:10.1080/01426397.2019.1702937 · Cited by 14
The development and validation of a prototype mobility tracker for assessing the life space mobility and activity participation of older adults
Ho, S. H., Tan, D. P. S., Tan, P. J., Ng, K. W., Lim, Z. Z. B., Ng, I. H. L., Wong, L. H., Ginting, M. L., Yuen, B., Mallya, U. J., et al. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01649-x · Cited by 14
The Association between Fast Food Outlets and Overweight in Adolescents Is Confounded by Neighbourhood Deprivation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study
Green, M. A., Hobbs, M., Ding, D., Widener, M. J., Murray, J., Reece, L. J., & Singleton, A. D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413212 · Cited by 14
Investigating the association between the socioeconomic environment of the service area and fast food visitation: A context-based crystal growth approach
Zhou, H., Kim, G., Wang, J., & Wilson, K. (2022) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102855 · Cited by 14
The geospatial and conceptual configuration of the natural environment impacts the association with health outcomes and behavior in children and adolescents
Nigg, C., Niessner, C., Burchartz, A., Wöll, A., & Schipperijn, J. (2022) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-022-00309-0 · Cited by 19
Social inequalities, green and blue spaces and mental health in 6–12 years old children participating in the INMA cohort
Subiza‐Pérez, M., García‐Baquero, G., Fernández‐Somoano, A., Galán, I. R., González, L., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., Guxens, M., Fossati, S., Vrijheid, M., Fernandes, A. P., et al. (2023) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103104 · Cited by 14
Spatial Analysis Methods
Wong, D. W. S., & Wang, F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09598-1 · Cited by 14
Stand with #StandingRock: Envisioning an Epistemological Shift in Understanding Geospatial Big Data in the “Post-truth” Era
Zhang, S., Zhao, B., Tian, Y., & Chen, S. (2020) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1782166 · Cited by 14
Weekend and weekday associations between the residential built environment and physical activity: Findings from the ENABLE London study
Clary, C. M., Lewis, D. J., Limb, E. S., Nightingale, C. M., Ram, B., Rudnicka, A. R., Procter, D., Page, A. S., Cooper, A. R., Ellaway, A., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237323 · Cited by 15
Place, context and activity–travel behavior: Introduction to the special section on geographies of activity–travel behavior
Wang, D. (2015) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.08.019 · Cited by 14
Machine Learning of Spatial Data
Nikparvar, B., & Thill, J. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10090600 · Cited by 163
Detecting and Visualizing Observation Hot-Spots in Massive Volunteer-Contributed Geographic Data across Spatial Scales Using GPU-Accelerated Kernel Density Estimation
Zhang, G. (2022) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi11010055 · Cited by 13
Community social environments and cigarette smoking
Denney, J. T., Sharp, G., & Kimbro, R. T. (2022) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101167 · Cited by 13
Quantitative methods II: Big theory
Franklin, R. S. (2022) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325221137334 · Cited by 13
Social Vulnerabilities and Spatial Access to Primary Healthcare through Car and Public Transportation System in the Albuquerque, NM, Metropolitan Area: Assessing Disparities through GIS and Multilevel Modeling
Lardier, D. T., Blackwell, M. A., Beene, D., & Lin, Y. (2022) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-022-00701-y · Cited by 13
GPS-Derived Environmental Exposures During Pregnancy and Early Postpartum – Evidence from the MADRES Cohort
Yi, L., Yan, X., O’Connor, S. G., Cabison, J., Rosales, M., Chu, D., Chavez, T., Johnson, M. R., Mason, T. B., Eckel, S. P., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170551 · Cited by 13
Influence pathways of noise exposure on people's negative emotions and health across different activity contexts: A neural network-based double machine learning approach
Lu, D., & Kwan, M. (2025) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103455 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
How adolescents define their home neighborhoods conceptually and spatially
Colburn, S., Pratt, M., Mueller, C., & Tompsett, C. J. (2019) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22290 · Cited by 13
Geographic Boundary Definitions and the Robustness of Common Food Retail Environment Measures
Scharadin, B., Ploeg, M. V., & Dicken, C. (2021) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2021.1977109 · Cited by 15
Making Space in Geographical Analysis
Franklin, R. S., Delmelle, E. C., Andris, C., Cheng, T., Dodge, S., Franklin, J., Heppenstall, A. J., Kwan, M., Li, W., McLafferty, S., et al. (2022) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12325 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
The SpatialARMED Framework: Handling Complex Spatial Components in Spatial Association Rule Mining
Dao, T. H. D., & Thill, J. (2016) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12094 · Cited by 13
GPS Trajectory-Based Spatio-Temporal Variations of Traffic Accessibility under Public Health Emergency Consideration
Dong, L., Lv, Y., Sun, H., Zhi, D., & Chen, T. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Transportation · doi:10.1155/2021/8854451 · Cited by 13
Do spatiotemporal units matter for exploring the microgeographies of epidemics?
Zhang, S., Wang, M., Yang, Z., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102692 · Cited by 12
‘My neighbourhood is fuzzy, not hard and fast’: Individual and contextual associations with perceived residential neighbourhood boundaries among ageing Americans
Finlay, J., Jang, J. B., Esposito, M. H., McClure, L. A., Judd, S. E., & Clarke, P. J. (2022) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/00420980221089582 · Cited by 12
Can changing neighborhoods influence mental health? An ecological analysis of gentrification and neighborhood-level serious psychological distress—New York City, 2002–2015
Alroy, K. A., Cavalier, H. M., Crossa, A., Wang, S. M., Liu, S. Y., Norman, C. C., Sanderson, M., Gould, L. H., & Lim, S. W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283191 · Cited by 12
Change in the food environment and measured adiposity in adulthood in the Christchurch Health and development birth cohort, Aotearoa, New Zealand: A birth cohort study
Hobbs, M., McLeod, G. F. H., Mackenbach, J. D., Marek, L., Wiki, J., Deng, B., Eggleton, P., Boden, J. M., Dhakal, B., Campbell, M. H., et al. (2023) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103078 · Cited by 12
Scale dimensions in public participation GIS: an overview for planning and research
Kajosaari, A. (2024) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-024-11178-4 · Cited by 12
Linking neuroimaging and mental health data from the ABCD Study to UrbanSat measurements of macro environmental factors
Goldblatt, R., Holz, N. E., Tate, G. W., Sherman, K., Ghebremicael, S., Bhuyan, S. S., Al‐Ajlouni, Y. A., Santillanes, S., Araya, G., Abad, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00318-x · Cited by 17
Spatial identification of regions exposed to multi-hazards at the pan-European level
Antofie, T., Luoni, S., Tilloy, A., Sibilia, A., Salari, S., Eklund, G., Rodomonti, D., Bountzouklis, C., & Corbane, C. (2025) · Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences · doi:10.5194/nhess-25-287-2025 · Cited by 13
Activity spaces: assessing differences in alcohol exposures and alcohol use for parents
Freisthler, B., Kepple, N. J., Wolf, J. P., & Carson, L. (2019) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-019-10059-5 · Cited by 12
The neighborhood food environment modifies the effect of the 2009 WIC food package change on childhood obesity in Los Angeles County, California
Anderson, C. E., Crespi, C. M., Wang, M. C., Whaley, S. E., & Chaparro, M. P. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08779-2 · Cited by 12
Human well-being and natural capital indicators for Great Lakes waterfront revitalization
Angradi, T. R., Launspach, J. J., & Wick, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2022.04.016 · Cited by 13
Another Form of Neighborhood Effect Bias:The Neighborhood Effect Polarization Problem (NEPP)
Wu, J., Wang, B., Ta, N., & Chai, Y. (2022) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2098086 · Cited by 12

Authors: Kwan, M.-P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Kwan, Mei-Po
ORCID: Kwan, Mei-Po
Venue: Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 102
Issue: 5
Pages: 958-968
ISSN: 0004-5608 (ISSN-L)
1467-8306
DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349
OpenAlex: W1987264627
Cited by: 1,413
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 182 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 116.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annals of the Association of American Geographers (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Keywords: modifiable areal unit problem, neighborhood effects, spatial uncertainty, temporal uncertainty, environmental health, confounding

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Uncertain Geographic Context Problem

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks