The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shyness 2: Treating Social Phobia Online: Replication and Extension
Abstract
Objective: In a randomized controlled trial Titov et al. (2008) demonstrated significant benefit from an Internet- and email-based treatment programme for social phobia. The present study (Shyness 2) seeks to replicate that finding and compares results with benchmark data. Method: Eighty-eight individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment programme or to a waitlist control group. Participants completed the same treatment programme used in Shyness 1, consisting of six online lessons, cognitive behavioural homework assignments, email contact with a therapist, and participation in an online discussion forum. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 80% of treatment group participants completed all lessons, and post-treatment data were obtained from 78/81 participants. Treatment group participants each had an average of 127 min of therapist contact over the 10 week programme, including an average of 22 email contacts plus therapist responses to forum postings. Pre- to post-treatment differences were seen between treatment and waitlist participants across two measures of symptoms of social phobia, and across a measure of disability. Mean within- and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d) across the two primary outcome measures were 1.18, and 1.20, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the procedure is very acceptable to participants. Conclusions: These results closely replicate those obtained in Shyness 1, indicating that the treatment procedure is reliable. These results compare favourably with outcomes reported in benchmarking studies from high-quality face-to-face treatment programmes for social phobia. These results provide further positive data about the utility of Internet-based guided self-help programmes for people with social phobia.
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“Several studies categorized participants into adherent or not [49,54,57,75], or usage categories such as low, medium, and high [60], while others used continuous variables [23,24,33-36,38-41,43-45,50-52,55,56,58,59,61,76] or a combination of these [42,46,53,64-66,77].”
From A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
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KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327
Self-citationKessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771
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Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire
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“Even with the reduced sample (n 35), statistically significant correlations (r 0.43 and r 0.43) were observed between both the ACES and the expectancy factor of the CEQ (measures of expected change in anxiety symptoms) and the amount of change occurring in the SIAS score from pre- to post-treatment assessment, indicat…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInternet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553
Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial
Andersson, G., Bergström, J., Holländare, F., Carlbring, P., Kaldo, V., & Ekselius, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.5.456 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“Results from recent RCTs indicate that CaCCBT with email or telephone contact can result in clinically significant improvements not only in patients with social phobia [1,3,4] but also for patients with depression [8] and panic disorder [9 13], at a level similar to that provided by face-to-face clinicians, and often…”
BackgroundProudfoot, J., Ryden, C., Everitt, B., Shapiro, D. A., Goldberg, D., Mann, A., Tylee, A., Marks, I., & Gray, J. A. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.1.46 · Cited by 516
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), 2006, Guidance on the use of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression. Technology Appraisal 97
- World Health Organization, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions
Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2104 · Cited by 1,308
Andrews, G., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., & Titov, N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013196 · Cited by 1,311
“Results of the meta-analysis of the 22 studies [22–43] are displayed in Table 1: grouped by diagnosis, listing author and date of publication, N randomized, effect size of intervention compared iCBT Anxiety and Depression”
MethodSelf-citationAdherence in Internet Interventions for Anxiety and Depression
Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., & Farrer, L. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1194 · Cited by 1,133
“N = 105 I = 50 C = 55 Titov et al 2008 [43] (6 modules) ITT LOCF No formal measure described.”
BackgroundInfluentialKatzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
“Most ICBT programs include minimal therapist contact via email [404-410] or telephone [405,409].”
BackgroundAndrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M. G., McEvoy, P., English, C. L., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.01.001 · Cited by 922
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Titov, Nickolai
- Venue
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 595-605
- ISSN
- 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1614
- OpenAlex
- W1995762476
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 24.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, online therapy, online forums, guided self-help, replication study, treatment acceptability, treatment outcome comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Shyness, Waiting Lists, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet
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