The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shyness 2: Treating Social Phobia Online: Replication and Extension
Abstract
Objective: In a randomized controlled trial Titov et al. (2008) demonstrated significant benefit from an Internet- and email-based treatment programme for social phobia. The present study (Shyness 2) seeks to replicate that finding and compares results with benchmark data. Method: Eighty-eight individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment programme or to a waitlist control group. Participants completed the same treatment programme used in Shyness 1, consisting of six online lessons, cognitive behavioural homework assignments, email contact with a therapist, and participation in an online discussion forum. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 80% of treatment group participants completed all lessons, and post-treatment data were obtained from 78/81 participants. Treatment group participants each had an average of 127 min of therapist contact over the 10 week programme, including an average of 22 email contacts plus therapist responses to forum postings. Pre- to post-treatment differences were seen between treatment and waitlist participants across two measures of symptoms of social phobia, and across a measure of disability. Mean within- and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d) across the two primary outcome measures were 1.18, and 1.20, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the procedure is very acceptable to participants. Conclusions: These results closely replicate those obtained in Shyness 1, indicating that the treatment procedure is reliable. These results compare favourably with outcomes reported in benchmarking studies from high-quality face-to-face treatment programmes for social phobia. These results provide further positive data about the utility of Internet-based guided self-help programmes for people with social phobia.
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“Several studies categorized participants into adherent or not [49,54,57,75], or usage categories such as low, medium, and high [60], while others used continuous variables [23,24,33-36,38-41,43-45,50-52,55,56,58,59,61,76] or a combination of these [42,46,53,64-66,77].”
From A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
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Remote cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis
Winter, H. R., Norton, A. R., Burley, J., & Wootton, B. M. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102787 · Cited by 27
Pihlaja, S., Lahti, J. M. T., Lipsanen, J. O., Ritola, V., Gummerus, E.-M., Stenberg, J., & Joffe, G. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/15732 · Cited by 23
“Neither did technician-delivered telephone support demonstrate advantages over a clinician-moderated online discussion forum in iCBT for social phobia [28], although in the same program, telephone calls facilitated symptomatic improvement and adherence versus automatic reminders only [29].”
BackgroundAre Trials of Computerized Therapy Generalizable? A Multidimensional Meta-analysis
Wilks, C. R., Zieve, G. G., & Lessing, H. K. (2016) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2015.0129 · Cited by 18
Tulbure, B. T. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.108 · Cited by 20
“In six studies (Andersson et al., 2006; Berger et al., 2009; Botella et al., 2010; and Titov et al., 2008a, 2008b, 2008c) an intention-to-treat design was used by following all randomized patients until the end of the trial, whether or not they dropped out from the study.”
MethodInfluentialThe efficacy of psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder, a systematic review and meta-analysis
de Ponti, N., Matbouriahi, M., Franco, P., Harrer, M., Miguel, C., Papola, D., Sicimoğlu, A., Cuijpers, P. J., & Karyotaki, E. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102881 · Cited by 30
Lampe, L. A. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670903179111 · Cited by 18
“2 on measures of social anxiety, with attrition rates of only approximately 20% [116,117].”
BackgroundInternetbasierte Therapie der sozialen Phobie: Ergebnisse einer 6-Monate-Katamnese
Berger, T., Hohl, É., & Caspar, F. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000050 · Cited by 15
Talbot, F. (2012) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2012.4 · Cited by 15
“Titov et al. (2008c) were able to completely eliminate therapist’s guidance by using automated NGCs in the form of automated emails and reminders, with no associated detrimental impact on outcomes or treatment satisfaction.”
MethodRozen, N., & Aderka, I. M. (2021) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2021.1966089 · Cited by 14
Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., & Terides, M. (2012) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.17.num.3.2012.11842 · Cited by 13
Self-citationKatzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P. R., Kjernisted, K. D., & Ameringen, M. V. (2021) · doi:10.32920/14638581 · Cited by 13
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Botella, C., & Berger, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06083-5_4 · Cited by 13
Finding Web-Based Anxiety Interventions on the World Wide Web: A Scoping Review
Ashford, M. T., Olander, E. K., & Ayers, S. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5349 · Cited by 11
“…#28, #29, #30) This Way Up Self-help (#31, #32) Panic: - 1 RCT a [85] - Pre-post intervention trial without comparison group [86] Social phobia: - 5 RCTs a [87-91] - Implementation study [92] - Cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and follow-up analysis [93] This Way Up School (#33, #34) Anxiety”
Social Anxiety and the Internet: Positive and Negative Effects
Mazalin, D., & Klein, B. (2008) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v4i2.137 · Cited by 11
Hall, M., Luo, A., Bhullar, N., Moses, K., & Wootton, B. M. (2024) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2024.2356804 · Cited by 15
Development of a graphic medicine-enabled social media-based intervention for youth social anxiety
Rice, S., O’Bree, B., Wilson, M., McEnery, C., Lim, M. H., Hamilton, M. P., Gleeson, J., Bendall, S., D’Alfonso, S., Russon, P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2021.1923128 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of a DVD-based self-help program in highly socially anxious individuals--pilot study.
Mall, A., Mehl, A., Kiko, S., Kleindienst, N., Salize, H., Hermann, C., Hoffmann, T., Bohus, M., & Steil, R. (2011) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.11.007 · Cited by 7
Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy: helping Ireland log on
Twomey, C., O'Reilly, G., & Byrne, M. (2013) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2012.5 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Titov, Nickolai
- Venue
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 595-605
- ISSN
- 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1614
- OpenAlex
- W1995762476
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 24.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, online therapy, online forums, guided self-help, replication study, treatment acceptability, treatment outcome comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Shyness, Waiting Lists, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet
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