Cited by 370Empathy and Medical EducationSocial and Intergroup PsychologyEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Empathy present and future

Hall, Judith A., Schwartz, Rachel·2019·The Journal of Social Psychology

DOI 10.1080/00224545.2018.1477442

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Abstract

The empathy concept has central significance for social and personality psychology and in many other domains, including neuroscience, clinical/abnormal psychology, and the health professions. However, the current diversity in conceptual and operational definitions, and the promiscuous use of the term "empathy," threaten the ability of researchers to advance the field. The present article provides a quantitative review and conceptual analysis of empathy definitions and usages by examining 393 studies published between 2001 and 2013, and 96 studies published in 2017. We document the prevalence and diversity of definitions, as well as inconsistencies between conceptual definitions and measurements employed. We discuss ways to refine the conceptualization and operationalization of the empathy construct, including for many purposes, bypassing the term empathy in favor of lower-level construct labels that more precisely describe what is actually being measured. In many cases we see no added theoretical or empirical value in applying the term empathy.

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Authors: Hall, J. A., & Schwartz, R.
Affiliations: Northeastern University (US)
VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
Corresponding author: Hall, Judith A.
ORCID: Hall, Judith A.
Schwartz, Rachel
Venue: The Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-06-18
Volume: 159
Issue: 3
Pages: 225-243
ISSN: 0022-4545 (ISSN-L)
1940-1183
DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1477442
OpenAlex: W2804479262
Semantic Scholar: 5885633e02245aa7d604009189865c194b763ff5
Cited by: 370
References: 109
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 2.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: empathy, construct validity, measurement discrepancy, conceptual analysis
MeSH terms: Empathy, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Psychology, Social

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