Informed Grounded Theory

“Second, the dictum can easily be used as an excuse for lazy ignorance of the literature (Silverman, 2000; Suddaby, 2006), which may lead to the belief and accusation that such research is “easy” and “atheoretical” (Morse, 1994).”

“Therefore, reflexivity is viewed as highly important among many later grounded theorists (e.g., Charmaz, 2006, 2008; Dey 2007; Dunne, 2011; McGhee et al., 2007; Mills et al., 2006a; Mruck & Mey, 2007).”

“According to Glaser (2004), memos are “theoretical notes about the data and the conceptual connections between categories” (p. 61).”

“There are, for instance, GT researchers who witness how literature in the field helped them to draw their attention to details in data, and then being able to go beyond the literature in their analysis (e.g. Bowen, 2006; Dunne, 2011; Stern, 2007).”

“…allows for researchers and participants to coproduce knowledge where concepts can inductively ‘‘emerge’’ as in the traditional sense of a grounded-theory approach, but they can also be situated within the context of relevant theoretical and empirical literature (Mills et al. 2006; Thornberg 2012).”

“Informed GT (Thornberg, 2012) recognises that researchers who work with GT principles usually have previous knowledge in the field of their research and that this knowledge is reflected in one way or another in the research and data analysis.”

“theoretical sensitivity (Thornberg and Thornberg, 2012) and to make a contribution in the field with new knowledge (McCallin, 2003).”

“Taking into account the approaches of Charmaz (2008) and Thornberg (2012), the author established five stages in this research.”

“Therefore, this study engages with the research literature throughout the research process (Thornberg, 2012; Mills et al., 2005).”

“Pre-existing theories and concepts were regarded as provisional, fallible, and partial (Themelis et al., 2023; Thornberg, 2012) and functioned as sensitizing concepts (Blumer, 1969), providing a broad conceptual orientation without determining the analytic process (Charmaz, 2014; Thornberg, 2012).”

“In line with the third reason stated above, we will employ Thornberg’s informed grounded theory approach [47], which emphasizes the role of previous theories in the development of the grounded theory yet allows for the emergence of new inductive categories.”

“Data were generated and analyzed using an informed grounded-theory approach (Thornberg 2012) grounded in the theoretical framework outlined above and induc-tive-deductive coding (Charmaz 2014) in MAXQDA.”

“This approach helps correct bias and enhances objectivity (Thornberg 2012).”

“These were subsequently analysed using informed grounded theory (IGT) (Thornberg 2012).”

““In an Informed GT approach, the researcher takes advantage of pre-existing theories and research findings in a substantive field in a sensitive, creative and flexible way” (Thornberg 2012, p. 255).”

“Then, we conduct a more fine-grained analysis using the qualitative approach, Informed Grounded Theory (IGT) (Nelson 2021; Thornberg 2012).”

“Along with informed grounded theory, theoretical agnosticism and theoretical pluralism were guiding principles during theory construction (Thornberg, 2012).”

“An abductive approach moves between preexisting knowledge and the data to create new knowledge, insights and novel findings in the research (Kolko, 2010; Thornberg, 2012).”

“The PLD talanoa, in which the role of the researchers was to offer experience and literature-based clarification on matters of practice and theory, were recorded, transcribed and subject to Informed Grounded Theory (IGT) [38] analysis.”

“A script was developed based on studies in the field of qualitative research (Minayo, 2010, 2012; Thornberg, 2011a, 2011b) to guide semi-structured interviews.”

“Thematic analysis of both data sources was undertaken, with an MSA lens used as an initial sensitising concept, allowing for flexibility throughout the coding process [89].”

“However, their view of “delaying the literature” was criticised by Thornberg (2012) and it was stated that the related literature should be examined before the categorization of qualitative findings due to the possibility of missing important points or being left with unrelated categories.”

“The aim is to serve as a heuristic tool to inform, to create associations and to draw attention to potential patterns that will, in the final analysis, assist in identifying one hypothesis among many that better explain the data set under investigation (Thornberg, 2012).”

“…expressed by participants or to provide sensitizing concepts – defined as “general concepts that do not claim to be the truth but merely suggest a direction in which to look and to make possible interpretations” (Thornberg & Charmaz, 2012, p. 53) – for data analysis (Dunne, 2011; Thornberg, 2012).”

“Using a modified version of informed grounded theory (Thornberg 2012), we analyzed the interview data for emergent themes.”

“In our study, we conducted semi-structured interviews ( n = 15 ) and used informed grounded theory methodology [65] to find that TikTok users had a range of strategies to adopt Internet Aesthetics into their lives.”

“Constructivist grounded theory was used for the data analysis based on its flexibility yet also being rigorous (Charmaz 2006; Thornberg 2012).”

“The in-depth, semi-structured interview format allowed for an ‘informed grounded theory’ approach (Thornberg, 2012) where the research was guided by sensitising concepts from the literature but was open to emergent themes that Carlson and Lewis (2019). surfaced in interviewees’ responses (Tracy,…”

“Data was analyzed in Atlas.ti using informed grounded theory approaches (Thornberg 2012), with open coding as a first step (600 codes), followed by the development of focused codes (129), and broader conceptual categories (17), while remaining aware of existing concepts and literature.”

“To explore the subjective experience of FP, we followed an informed GTM approach [37, 38].”

“Thus, our approach can be called an informed version of the grounded theory approach (Thornberg, 2012).”

“In this sense, and very much in line with what Thornberg (2012) suggests about being theoretically informed during analysis, I used this prior knowledge as a way of thinking reflexively about the data, while continuing to structure and analyse the data in an open but theoretically informed way.”

“The examination of the data combined an open and theory-driven search, which can be seen as similar to informed grounded theory (Thornberg 2012).”

“This point of departure implied a step-by-step design in which inductive and deductive phases of data collection, coding and theoretical explanation were performed, while also adhering to a set of data-sensitizing principles (Thornberg, 2012).”

“Beim Essen war ich echt ... also das hat du großartig gemacht, da bin ich einfach nur Nutznießer gewesen, dass ihr das so geübt habt, und habe das halt echt schon super übernehmen können (Paar C, Anna und Markus, 1 Tochter).”

“Phase 1 document-level content analysis followed informed grounded theory methods outlined in thornberg [45] to better understand artists’ intentions in sharing the chosen elements in their masks. informed grounded theory posits an analysis procedure in which the research process and product have…”

“Grounded Theory (GT) is a qualitative research method focused on deriving theories from empirical data without preconceived hypotheses (Thornberg 2012).”

“…deriving sensitising concepts to be used as points of departure in the analysis of collected data, consistent with, for example, charmaz (2014) and thornberg (2012). a more detailed literature review was performed post-hoc after the fieldwork was completed. as researchers, we thought that a…”

“This included adhering to agnostic and pluralistic theoretical reasoning (Thornberg, 2012) within data analysis.”

“All the interview data were coded in MAXQDA Analytics Pro qualitative analysis software based on the in-vivo coding for emergent codes, axial coding (Corbin & Strauss, 2015), and a priori categories based on the theories in which this study is grounded (Thornberg, 2012).”

“Diese sind vielmehr als idealtypische Zuspitzungen zu verstehen – als „sensitizing concepts“ (vgl. Thornberg 2012: 255), mit deren Hilfe wir im Folgenden versuchen möchten, empirische Erscheinungsformen des Lokalismus zu beschreiben, einzuordnen und hinsichtlich ihres Potenzials, eine produktive…”

“3 Interview scenario configuration qualitative analysis consisting of splitting the data into small segments and providing a short descriptor for each segment (Charmaz, 2006; Glaser & Strauss, 2012; Thornberg, 2012).”

“They were assembled to offer participants a breadth of stimuli and the kind of ‘theoretical pluralism’ advocated in constructivist grounded theory (Thornberg, 2012: 250).”

“From these patterns, we generate theories in an abductive and informed manner, taking into account existing theories of cognitive, epistemological, and socio-emotional dimensions of collaborative learning while staying grounded to the data [27].”

“A review of the professional literature regarding CEDV and academic performance was used to provide conceptual insights and serve as a starting point, but not an outcome, for the study (Dunne, 2011; Thornberg 2012, for further discussion of literature reviews and the grounded theory method).”

“In adapting IIS to ISI, I straddled the extremes of induction and deduction to incorporate what Peirce (1958) termed abduction, as explained by Thornberg (2011): The concept of abduction [is] a selective and creative process in which the researcher carefully investigates how far empirical “facts”…”

“In addition, observations and notes were reflected by the authors in relation to prior assumptions and literature review following an informed grounded theory approach (Thornberg, 2012).”

“Since both coders were informed about the relevant literature and research results in order not to miss important points or be left with irrelevant results, Informed Grounded Theory (Thornberg, 2012) was adopted in the present study.”

“Bu yönüyle çalışmanın Thornberg (2012)’in önerdiği bilgilendirilmiş gömülü teoriye dayalı olduğunu söylemek daha doğru olacaktır.”

“La pensée créative habilite le chercheur à dépasser la description d’un catalogue de codes et à générer de nouvelles idées et de nouvelles associations entre celles-ci (Thornberg, 2012).”

“In contrast, Informed Grounded Theory enables the researcher to benefit from a literature knowledge base while maintaining theoretical pluralism.”

“47 Guided by an informed grounded theory (Thornberg, 2012) approach, I analyzed the transcripts in NVivo, continuing to review literature as themes emerged from the analysis.”

“Similarly, Toole (1992) points out another influential factor: the disaster itself is less important , but the post-disaster situation is more influenced by the secondary effects fostered from the natural disaster.”