The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Informed Grounded Theory
Open accessAbstract
There is a widespread idea that in grounded theory (GT) research, the researcher has to delay the literature review until the end of the analysis to avoid contamination – a dictum that might turn educational researchers away from GT. Nevertheless, in this article the author (a) problematizes the dictum of delaying a literature review in classic grounded theory, (b) presents arguments for using extant literature in the substantive field within a constructivist grounded theory, and (c) suggests data sensitizing principles in using literature, which are: theoretical agnosticism, theoretical pluralism, theoretical sampling of literature, staying grounded, theoretical playfulness, memoing extant knowledge associations, and constant reflexivity.
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“The main reason behind a primary literature review is to avoid reinventing the wheel by discovering what is already done and finding research problems and research questions (Thornberg, 2012; Dunne, 2011).”
From Dealing with Literature Review and Epistemological Underpinnings in Grounded Theory Methodology (2022) · cites this paper as Thornberg, 2012
In the citing paper
“is considered to be situated, fallible and provisional”
From The pursuit of quality in grounded theory (2021) · cites this paper as Thornberg 2012
In the citing paper
“is considered to be situated, fallible and provisional”
From The pursuit of quality in grounded theory (2021) · cites this paper as Thornberg 2012
In the citing paper
“is considered to be situated, fallible and provisional”
From The pursuit of quality in grounded theory (2021) · cites this paper as Thornberg 2012
In the citing paper
“In contrast to Glaserian grounded theory but in line with Straussian and constructivist grounded theory, we recommend that you review the literature”
From The pursuit of quality in grounded theory (2021) · cites this paper as Thornberg 2012
Citations
Cites
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Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Aldine (Routledge reprint) · doi:10.4324/9780203793206 · Cited by 25,789
From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not
Suddaby, R. (2006) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2006.22083020 · Cited by 2,859 · cited 1×
“Second, the dictum can easily be used as an excuse for lazy ignorance of the literature (Silverman, 2000; Suddaby, 2006), which may lead to the belief and accusation that such research is “easy” and “atheoretical” (Morse, 1994).”
The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory
Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007) · SAGE · doi:10.4135/9781848607941 · Cited by 2,798
The Development of Constructivist Grounded Theory
Mills, J., Bonner, A., & Francis, K. (2006) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690600500103 · Cited by 1,678 · cited 5×
“Therefore, reflexivity is viewed as highly important among many later grounded theorists (e.g., Charmaz, 2006, 2008; Dey 2007; Dunne, 2011; McGhee et al., 2007; Mills et al., 2006a; Mruck & Mey, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialGlaser, B. G., & Holton, J. (2004) · Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research · doi:10.17169/fqs-5.2.607 · Cited by 783 · cited 3×
“According to Glaser (2004), memos are “theoretical notes about the data and the conceptual connections between categories” (p. 61).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe place of the literature review in grounded theory research
Dunne, C. (2011) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2010.494930 · Cited by 488 · cited 11×
“There are, for instance, GT researchers who witness how literature in the field helped them to draw their attention to details in data, and then being able to go beyond the literature in their analysis (e.g. Bowen, 2006; Dunne, 2011; Stern, 2007).”
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Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007) · The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory · doi:10.4135/9781848607941.n1 · Cited by 462
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Thomas, G., & James, D. (2006) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/01411920600989412 · Cited by 430
"Emergence" vs. "Forcing" of Empirical Data? A Crucial Problem of "Grounded Theory" Reconsidered
Kelle, U. (2005) · Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research · doi:10.17169/fqs-6.2.467 · Cited by 416
Grounded theory research: literature reviewing and reflexivity
McGhee, G., Marland, G. R., & Atkinson, J. (2007) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04436.x · Cited by 374 · cited 1×
“Therefore, reflexivity is viewed as highly important among many later grounded theorists (e.g., Charmaz, 2006, 2008; Dey 2007; Dunne, 2011; McGhee et al., 2007; Mills et al., 2006a; Mruck & Mey, 2007).”
BackgroundGrounded theory in psychological research.
Henwood, K., & Pidgeon, N. (2003) · Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology and design. · doi:10.1037/10595-008 · Cited by 320
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Bryant, A. (2009) · Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research · doi:10.17169/fqs-10.3.1358 · Cited by 186
On Solid Ground: Essential Properties for Growing Grounded Theory
Stern, P. N. (2007) · The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory · doi:10.4135/9781848607941.n5 · Cited by 171
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The pursuit of quality in grounded theory
Charmaz, K., & Thornberg, R. (2021) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2020.1780357 · Cited by 1,221
“In accordance with the pragmatistic view of knowledge and knowing, underlying the constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz 2006, 2014; Thornberg 2012), Thornberg et al. (2013) grounded theory of double victimizing is considered to be situated, fallible and provisional, and therefore…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPragmatism as a Basis for Grounded Theory
Morgan, D. L. (2020) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2020.3993 · Cited by 69
“For example, Thornberg (2012) argues for the necessity of doing a literature review, so that one can actively apply approaches such as theoretical agnosticism (Henwood & Pidgeon, 2003) and theoretical pluralism (Kelle, 2007).”
Biagini, B., Bierbaum, R., Stults, M., Dobardzic, S., & McNeeley, S. M. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.003 · Cited by 392
Charmaz, K., & Belgrave, L. L. (2017) · The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology · doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosg070.pub2 · Cited by 245
School Bullying as a Collective Action: Stigma Processes and Identity Struggling
Thornberg, R. (2013) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12058 · Cited by 186
“Moreover, during the analysis, pre-existing theoretical concepts from literature, such as social construction, moral disengagement, stigma and labelling were used as ‘lenses’ and tools that helped me to focus the attention on certain phenomena, aspects and nuances, very much in line with the logic of abduction (Thornb…”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Thornberg, R.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Thornberg, Robert
- ORCID
- Thornberg, Robert
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 243-259
- ISSN
- 0031-3831 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-1170
- OpenAlex
- W2165289403
- Cited by
- 668
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 56.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- urn.kb.se
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sociology and Education Studies
- Keywords
- grounded theory, constructivist grounded theory, theoretical pluralism, theoretical sampling, reflexivity, educational research methodology
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