The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
There are Threats and (Maybe) Fear-Caused Arousal: Theory and Confusions of Appeals to Fear and Fear Arousal Itself
Abstract
Most research in the area generally known as “fear appeals” has examined the persuasive effects and effectiveness of different types of threat-based communications on various groups of consumer subjects, often failing to distinguish between the threats, the literal communication stimuli, and the actual fear arousal response that different types of threats might engender. Building on a noteworthy exception to that pattern of past work, which provided a basis for a model of fear arousal, the authors further clarify the distinction between threats and psychological responses to the threats. They test an expanded model based on that distinction that provides further understanding of consumer fear arousal responses to advertising stimuli.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model
Witte, K. (1992) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759209376276 · Cited by 3,880
Mano, H., & Oliver, R. L. (1993) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209361 · Cited by 1,973
Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages
Boster, F. J., & Mongeau, P. (1984) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.1984.11678581 · Cited by 271
A Conceptualization of Threat Communications and Protective Health Behavior
Beck, K. H., & Frankel, A. (1981) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3033834 · Cited by 181
Cited by
Toward a unified theory of consumer acceptance technology
Kulviwat, S., Bruner II, G. C., Kumar, A., Nasco, S. A., & Clark, T. (2007) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20196 · Cited by 486
Guilt appeals: persuasion knowledge and charitable giving
Hibbert, S., Smith, A., Davies, A., & Ireland, F. (2007) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20181 · Cited by 300
A Terror Management Perspective on the Persuasiveness of Fear Appeals
Shehryar, O., & Hunt, D. M. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1504_2 · Cited by 80
Impact of Death-Related Television Programming on Advertising Evaluation
Rangan, P., Singh, S. N., Landau, M. J., & Choi, J. (2015) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2015.1077490 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Latour, M. S., & Rotfeld, H. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Advertising
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 45-59
- ISSN
- 0091-3367 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7805
- OpenAlex
- W2009155836
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 4.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: There are Threats and (Maybe) Fear-Caused Arousal: Theory and Confusions of Appeals to Fear and Fear Arousal Itself. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00913367.1997.10673528
- The paper
- Latour, M. S., & Rotfeld, H. J. (1997). There are Threats and (Maybe) Fear-Caused Arousal: Theory and Confusions of Appeals to Fear and Fear Arousal Itself. Journal of Advertising. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1997.10673528
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.