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Cited by 561Multilingual Education and PolicyLinguistic and Sociocultural StudiesSecond Language Learning and Teaching

Minority languages and sustainable translanguaging: threat or opportunity?

Open access
Cenoz, Jasone, Gorter, Durk·2017·Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
DOI 10.1080/01434632.2017.1284855
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Abstract

Traditionally, languages have been separated from each other in the school curriculum and there has been little consideration for resources that learners possess as emergent multilinguals. This policy is aimed at the protection of minority languages and has sought to avoid cross-linguistic influence and codeswitching. However, these ideas have been challenged by current multilingual ideologies in a society that is becoming more globalised. Within the field of multilingual education studies, there is a strong trend towards replacing the idea of isolated linguistic systems with approaches that take multilingual speakers and their linguistic repertoire as a reference.This article focuses on translanguaging, a concept that was developed in bilingual schools in Wales and refers both to pedagogically oriented strategies and to spontaneous language practices. In this article, translanguaging will be analysed as related to the protection and promotion of minority languages. Examples from multilingual education involving minority languages will be shown in order to see how translanguaging can be at the same time a threat for the survival of minority languages and an opportunity for their development. A set of principles that can contribute to sustainable translanguaging in a context of regional minority language use will be discussed.

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  • Pedagogical translanguaging can and should be viewed as compatible with the need to protect and sustain regional minority languages in contexts where English is one of the target languages.

    “pedagogical translanguaging can and should be viewed as compatible with the need to protect and sustain regional minority languages in the context where English is one of the target languages.”

    From Examining Pedagogical Translanguaging: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as Cenoz and Gorter (2017)

  • Spontaneous translanguaging occurs inside and outside of educational settings and refers to the reality of bi/multilingual usage in naturally occurring contexts where boundaries between languages are fluid and constantly shifting.

    “In contrast, spontaneous translanguaging, as Cenoz and Gorter (2017) explain, occurs inside and outside of educational settings and thus “refers to the reality of bi/multilingual usage in naturally occurring contexts where boundaries between languages are fluid and constantly shifting” (p.904).”

    From Examining Pedagogical Translanguaging: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as Cenoz and Gorter (2017)

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Research works printed but not linked: 24

  1. Arteagoitia, I., and E. R. Howard. 2015. "The Role of the Native Language in the Literacy Development of Latino Students in the U.S." In Multilingual Education: Between Language Learning and Translanguaging, edited by J. Cenoz and D. Gorter, 89-115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Canagarajah, A. S. 2013. Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations. New York: Routledge.
  3. Canagarajah, S. 2015. "Clarifying the Relationship Between Translingual Practice and L2 Writing: Addressing Learner Identities." Applied Linguistics Review 6: 415-440.
  4. Cenoz, J., and D. Gorter. 2011. "Focus on Multilingualism: A Study of Trilingual Writing." Modern Language Journal 95: 356-369.
  5. Cenoz, J., and D. Gorter. 2013. "Towards a Plurilingual Approach in English Language Teaching: Softening the Boundaries between Languages." TESOL Quarterly 47: 591-599.
  6. Cenoz, J., and D. Gorter, eds. 2015. Multilingual Education: Between Language Learning and Translanguaging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  7. Cook, V. 1999. "Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching." TESOL Quarterly 33: 185-209.
  8. Creese, A., and A. Blackledge. 2010. "Translanguaging in the Bilingual Classroom: A Pedagogy for Learning and Teaching." Modern Language Journal 94: 103-115.
  9. Cummins, J. 2007. "Rethinking Monolingual Instructional Strategies in Multilingual Classrooms." Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 10: 221-240.
  10. Cummins, J. 2014. "Rethinking Pedagogical Assumptions in Canadian French Immersion Programs." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 2: 3-22.
  11. García, O. 2009. Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  12. Gort, M., and S. F. Sembiante. 2015. "Navigating Hybridized Language Learning Spaces Through Translanguaging Pedagogy: Dual Language Preschool Teachers" Languaging Practices in Support of Emergent Bilingual Children's Performance of Academic Discourse." International Multilingual Research Journal 9: 7-25.
  13. Gorter, D., V. Zenotz, X. Etxague, and J. Cenoz. 2014. "Multilingualism and European Minority Languages: The Case of Basque." In Minority Languages and Multilingual Education: Bridging the Local and the Global, edited by D. Gorter, V. Zenotz, and J. Cenoz, 278-301. Berlin: Springer.
  14. Grosjean, F. 1985. "The Bilingual as a Competent but Specific Speaker-Hearer." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 6: 467-477.
  15. Hickey, T. 2001. "Mixing Beginners and Native Speakers in Minority Language Immersion: Who is Immersing Whom?" The Canadian Modern Language Review 57: 443-474.
  16. Jørgensen, J. N. 2005. "Plurilingual Conversations among Bilingual Adolescents." Journal of Pragmatics 37: 391-402.
  17. Lewis, G., B. Jones, and C. Baker. 2012b. "Translanguaging: Developing its Conceptualisation and Contextualization." Educational Research and Evaluation: An International Journal on Theory and Practice 18: 655-670.
  18. Li, W. 2011. "Multilinguality, Multimodality and Multicompetence: Code-and Mode-Switching by Minority Ethnic Children in Complementary Schools." Modern Language Journal 95: 370-384.
  19. Llurda, E., J. M. Cots, and L. Armengol. 2013. "Expanding Language Borders in a Bilingual Institution Aiming at Trilingualism." In Language Alternation, Language Choice, and Language Encounter in International Tertiary Education, edited by H. Haberland, D. Lonsman, and B. Preisler, 203-222. Dordrecht: Springer.
  20. Martínez-Roldán, C. M. 2015. "Translanguaging Practices as Mobilization of Linguistic Resources in a Spanish/English Bilingual After-School Program: An Analysis of Contradictions." International Multilingual Research Journal 9: 43-58.
  21. May, S. 2000. "Uncommon Languages: The Challenges and Possibilities of Minority Language Rights." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 21: 366-385.
  22. May, S. ed. 2014. The Multilingual Turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL, and Bilingual Education. New York: Routledge.
  23. Otheguy, R., O. García, and W. Reid. 2015. "Clarifying Translanguaging and Deconstructing Named Languages: A Perspective from Linguistics." Applied Linguistics Review 6: 281-307.
  24. Paquet-Gauthier, M., and S. Beaulieu. 2016. "Can Language Classrooms Take the Multilingual Turn?" Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37: 167-183.

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Authors
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D.
Affiliations
  • University of the Basque Country (ES)
  • Ikerbasque (ES)
Corresponding author
Cenoz, Jasone
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2017-02-10
Volume
38
Issue
10
Pages
901-912
ISSN
  • 0143-4632 (ISSN-L)
  • 1747-7557
DOI
10.1080/01434632.2017.1284855
OpenAlex
W2586374375
Cited by
561
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
134.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • MINECO/FEDER (EDU2015-63967-R)
  • Basque Government (DREAM IT-714-13; UFI 11/54)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Multilingual Education and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Second Language Learning and Teaching
Keywords
translanguaging, minority languages, multilingual education, language maintenance, code-switching, language transfer, linguistic repertoire, bilingual schools, Welsh language, language policy

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