The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The reciprocal relations between self-concept, motivation and achievement: juxtaposing academic self-concept and achievement goal orientations for mathematics success
Abstract
Research suggests that motivated students and those with high academic self-concepts perform better academically. Although substantial evidence supports a reciprocal relation between academic self-concept and achievement, there is less evidence supporting a similar relation between achievement goal orientations and achievement. There is also a paucity of research testing the longitudinal relations between achievement goal orientations and academic self-concept with achievement. The present investigation aimed to contribute to addressing these limitations. The sample consisted of 2786 Australian high school students (ages 11–17) measured at four time waves six months apart. Separate models indicated reciprocal relations between mathematics self-concept and achievement and mathematics performance approach goal orientation and achievement. There was little evidence of reciprocal relations between a mastery approach goal orientation and achievement. Juxtaposing the variables, when all were included in a single model, only self-concept had significant reciprocal relationships with achievement.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Much empirical research on motivation-achievement interactions operationalizes motivation as ASC in a certain academic domain, most often in mathematics and verbal subjects such as language and reading (Guay et al., 2003;Seaton et al., 2014); for meta-analyses and reviews, see Burnette et al. (2013), Eccles and Wigfield (2002), Marsh and Craven (2006), Marsh and Martin (2011), and Robbins et al. (”
From Motivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda (2022) · cites this paper as Seaton et al., 2014
Citations
Cites
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701
Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research
Brown, T. A. (2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-2769 · Cited by 15,621
Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance
Chen, F. F. (2007) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705510701301834 · Cited by 12,217
Visible learning: a synthesis of over 800 meta‐analyses relating to achievement
Carter, M. (2009) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410903415150 · Cited by 7,696
(2010) · Cited by 7,034
(2008) · Cited by 6,939
Handbook of Competence and Motivation
Elliot, A. J., & Dweck, C. S. (2013) · Cited by 4,671
Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue.
Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.12.2.121 · Cited by 4,462
A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.
Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.218 · Cited by 3,955
A 2 × 2 achievement goal framework.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.80.3.501 · Cited by 3,953
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- 10.1080/00036810600603377 · DOI
- 10.1108/978-1-60752-970-520251015 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.501 · DOI · Paper page
- Marsh, H. W. (2007). Self-concept theory, measurement and research into practice: The role of self-concept in educational psychology. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
- 10.1108/978-1-60752-665-020251005 · DOI
- Olson J. F. Martin M. O. & Mullis I. V. S. (Eds.). (2008). TIMSS 2007 technical report. Chestnut Hill MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] (2004). PISA 2003 technical report. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- Wilkinson, G. S., & Robertson, G. J. (2006). Wide range achievement test 4 (WRAT4). Lutz, FL: PAR.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gunderson, E. A., Park, D., Maloney, E. A., Beilock, S. L., & Levine, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2017.1421538 · Cited by 345
Peer and teacher supports in relation to motivation and effort: A multi-level study
Wentzel, K. R., Muenks, K. M., McNeish, D., & Russell, S. L. (2016) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.11.002 · Cited by 302
Olivier, É., Archambault, I., Clercq, M. D., & Galand, B. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0952-0 · Cited by 357
Motivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda
Vu, T., Magis-Weinberg, L., Jansen, B. R. J., van Atteveldt, N., Janssen, T. W. P., Lee, N. C., van der Maas, H. L. J., Raijmakers, M. E. J., Sachisthal, M. S. M., & Meeter, M. (2022) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-021-09616-7 · Cited by 224
Wu, H., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, L., & Guo, C. (2021) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-021-09600-1 · Cited by 291
Justicia‐Galiano, M. J., Martín‐Puga, M. E., Linares, R., & Pelegrina, S. (2017) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12165 · Cited by 177
Arens, A. K., Marsh, H. W., Pekrun, R., Lichtenfeld, S., Murayama, K., & vom Hofe, R. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000163 · Cited by 140
Self-citationChen, L., Bae, S., Battista, C., Qin, S., Chen, T.-W., Evans, T. M., & Menon, V. (2018) · Psychology Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617735528 · Cited by 129
Rach, S., & Heinze, A. (2016) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-016-9744-8 · Cited by 137
Burns, R. A., Crisp, D. A., & Burns, R. B. (2020) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12265 · Cited by 109
Quest for the best non-cognitive predictor of academic achievement
Stankov, L., & Lee, J. (2014) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2013.858908 · Cited by 97
Colmar, S., Liem, G. A. D., Connor, J., & Martin, A. J. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1617409 · Cited by 113
Živković, M., Pellizzoni, S., Doz, E., Cuder, A., Mammarella, I. C., & Passolunghi, M. C. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09760-8 · Cited by 141
Pitsia, V., Biggart, A., & Karakolidis, A. (2017) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.014 · Cited by 123
Niepel, C., Brunner, M., & Preckel, F. (2014) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.07.002 · Cited by 91
Schmidt, J. A., Shumow, L., & Kackar-Cam, H. Z. (2016) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0489-z · Cited by 101
León, J., Medina-Garrido, E., & Alonso, J. L. N. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00895 · Cited by 84
Mastery-approach goals: A large-scale cross-cultural analysis of antecedents and consequences.
Guo, J., Hu, X., Elliot, A. J., Marsh, H. W., Murayama, K., Basarkod, G., Parker, P. D., & Dicke, T. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000436 · Cited by 82
Self-citationKarakolidis, A., Pitsia, V., & Emvalotis, A. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2016.05.013 · Cited by 79
Habók, A., Magyar, A., Németh, M. B., & Csapó, B. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101634 · Cited by 63
Toh, T. L., Cheng, L., Ho, S. Y., Jiang, H., & Lim, K. M. (2017) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2017.1339344 · Cited by 62
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Academic Motivation Scale: A Singapore Investigation
Caleon, I. S., Wui, M. G. L., Tan, J. P.-L., Chiam, C. L., Tan, C. S., & King, R. B. (2015) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-014-9298-7 · Cited by 65
Stäbler, F., Dumont, H., Becker, M., & Baumert, J. (2016) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000135 · Cited by 53
Factors Affecting Mathematics Performance of Junior High School Students
Etcuban, J. O., Peteros, E. D. L., Gamboa, A., Dinauanao, A. M., Sitoy, R., & Arcadio, R. D. (2019) · International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education · doi:10.29333/iejme/5938 · Cited by 78
Emerging neurodevelopmental perspectives on mathematical learning
Menon, V., & Chang, H. (2021) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2021.100964 · Cited by 62
Hannula, M. S., Bofah, E. A.-T., Tuohilampi, L., & Metsämuuronen, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the ... PME Conference · Cited by 46
Ruiz-Alfonso, Z., & León, J. (2017) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.08.010 · Cited by 50
Peixoto, F., Monteiro, V., Mata, L., Sanches, C., Pipa, J., & Almeida, L. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01550 · Cited by 56
Xu, J. (2021) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104367 · Cited by 45
Björn, P. M., Aro, M. T., Koponen, T. K., Fuchs, L. S., & Fuchs, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00800 · Cited by 42
Pollack, C., Wilmot, D., Centanni, T. M., Halverson, K. K., Frosch, I. R., D’Mello, A. M., Romeo, R. R., Imhof, A., Capella, J., Wade, K., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704821 · Cited by 57
Moyano, N., Quílez-Robres, A., & Pascual, M. D. P. A. C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12145768 · Cited by 71
Putwain, D. W., & Wood, P. (2022) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101691 · Cited by 50
Bofah, E. A.-T., & Hannula, M. S. (2015) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-015-0014-y · Cited by 39
Weißenfels, M., Hoffmann, D., Dörrenbächer‐Ulrich, L., & Perels, F. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03488-y · Cited by 58
Choy, M. W., & Yeung, A. S. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Research Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100123 · Cited by 33
Self-citationÖNGÖR, M., & Uslusoy, E. Ç. (2023) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103686 · Cited by 32
Teaching quality: relationships between passion, deep strategy to learn, and epistemic curiosity
Ruiz-Alfonso, Z., & León, J. (2019) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2018.1562944 · Cited by 40
Nilsen, T., Kaarstein, H., & Lehre, A. (2022) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-022-00134-8 · Cited by 43
Neubauer, A. B., Schmidt, A., Schmiedek, F., & Dirk, J. (2022) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101617 · Cited by 30
Yang, L., & Wong, L. P. W. (2020) · ECNU Review of Education · doi:10.1177/2096531120930956 · Cited by 30
Vu, T., Scharmer, A. L., van Triest, E., van Atteveldt, N., & Meeter, M. (2024) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2024.2307960 · Cited by 51
Self-Concept and Achievement in Math Among Australian Primary Students: Gender and Culture Issues
Han, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00603 · Cited by 24
The relationship of school self-concept, goal orientations and achievement during adolescence
Bakadorova, O., & Raufelder, D. (2019) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1581082 · Cited by 31
Desmet, O. A., & Pereira, N. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Academics · doi:10.1177/1932202x211057424 · Cited by 22
Hanin, V., & Nieuwenhoven, C. V. (2019) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-018-00411-7 · Cited by 1
Sheldrake, R. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.05.009 · Cited by 21
Academic self-concept, achievement, and goal orientations in different learning environments
Steinberg, O., Kulakow, S., & Raufelder, D. (2024) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-024-00825-6 · Cited by 21
Ruiz-Alfonso, Z., León, J., Vega, L. E. S., & González, C. (2020) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.5093/psed2020a18 · Cited by 28
Lohbeck, A. (2016) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2016.1241778 · Cited by 33
Michel, Y. A., Steinmayr, R., Frenzel, A. C., & Ziegler, M. D. (2020) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2020.1713303 · Cited by 22
McCauley, J. B., Zajic, M. C., Oswald, T. M., Swain-Lerro, L., McIntyre, N. C., Harris, M. A., Trzesniewski, K. H., Mundy, P. C., & Solomon, M. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3403-y · Cited by 20
Burns, R. A., Crisp, D. A., & Burns, R. B. (2018) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-018-0369-x · Cited by 19
Nasser, R. N., & McInerney, D. M. (2014) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.993928 · Cited by 18
Kontribusi pola asuh orang tua demokratis, kontrol diri, konsep diri terhadap motivasi belajar siswa
Komsi, D. N., Hambali, I., & Ramli, M. (2018) · Psychology Evaluation and Technology in Educational Research · doi:10.33292/petier.v1i1.21 · Cited by 27
The stability of students’ academic achievement in school: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Scherrer, V., Breit, M., & Preckel, F. (2025) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2025.100687 · Cited by 20
Grade Retention Impact on Academic Self-concept: A Longitudinal Perspective
González‐Nuevo, C., Postigo, Á., Garcı́a-Cueto, E., Menéndez-Aller, Á., Muñiz, J., Cuesta, M., Álvarez-Díaz, M., & Fernández-Alonso, R. (2023) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09573-2 · Cited by 23
Tracks as frames of reference for academic self-concept
Dockx, J., Fraine, B. D., & Vandecandelaere, M. (2019) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2018.12.006 · Cited by 18
Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M., Gómez, A., & Moll, A. (2019) · Psicologia Escolar e Educacional · doi:10.1590/2175-35392019018764 · Cited by 21
Academic motivation among senior students majoring in rehabilitation related professions in China
Hu, H., & Luo, H. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-03016-9 · Cited by 28
Implications of under-confidence and over-confidence in mathematics at secondary school
Sheldrake, R., Mujtaba, T., & Reiss, M. J. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2022.102085 · Cited by 22
Satıcı, S. A., & Deniz, M. E. (2019) · TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM · doi:10.15390/eb.2019.7289 · Cited by 15
Kang, X., Hu, D., Wu, Y., & Luo, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02573-8 · Cited by 23
Pellicioni, M. S., Demir‐Lira, Ö. E., & Booth, J. R. (2021) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-021-00906-9 · Cited by 14
What Matters When? Social and Dimensional Comparisons in the Context of University Major Choice
von Keyserlingk, L., Dicke, A., Becker, M., & Eccles, J. S. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211020711 · Cited by 16
Abate, A., Atnafu, M., & Michael, K. (2022) · Pedagogical Research · doi:10.29333/pr/11725 · Cited by 14
Karakolidis, A., Pitsia, V., & Emvalotis, A. (2016) · Cited by 14
Homework goal orientation, interest, and achievement: testing models of reciprocal effects
Xu, J. (2020) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-020-00472-7 · Cited by 19
Yu, J., Kreijkes, P., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2023) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102384 · Cited by 25
Gunzenhauser, C., & Saalbach, H. (2020) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101845 · Cited by 15
Vázquez, B. G. (2019) · Revista Complutense de Educación · doi:10.5209/rced.58899 · Cited by 12
Lohbeck, A. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09586-8 · Cited by 11
Collins, K. H., Coleman, M. R., & Grantham, T. C. (2022) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/10634266221076466 · Cited by 11
Starr, C. R., & Leaper, C. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09851-6 · Cited by 15
A social-emotional pathway to promoting math self-concept: the moderating role of sex
Wong, T. K. Y., Konishi, C., & Tao, L. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1621994 · Cited by 11
Corbí, R. G., Miñano, P., Veas, A., & Costa, J. L. C. (2019) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101780 · Cited by 11
Kasperski, R., Shany, M., Erez-Hod, T., & Katzir, T. (2019) · Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1186/s41039-019-0102-7 · Cited by 11
Luo, W., Lee, K. L., & Koh, I. C. H. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.03.013 · Cited by 10
Longitudinal Relations Between School Self-concept and Academic Achievement
Han, F. (2019) · Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2019.03.002 · Cited by 11
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Autoconcepto Académico (EAA) en Estudiantes Chilenos
Gálvez-Nieto, J. L., Polanco-Levicán, K., & Salvo-Garrido, S. I. (2017) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep43_5 · Cited by 10
Chatterji, M., & Lin, M. (2018) · Quality Assurance in Education · doi:10.1108/qae-11-2017-0081 · Cited by 10
Elsholz, M. (2019) · Logos Verlag Berlin eBooks · doi:10.30819/4857 · Cited by 13
Soltani, A., Boka, R.-S., & Jafarzadeh, A. (2022) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2022.2082578 · Cited by 12
Santana‐Monagas, E., Núñez‐Regueiro, F., & Alonso, J. L. N. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12736 · Cited by 9
Sex differences in mathematical achievement: Grades, national test, and self-confidence
Егорова, М., & Chertkova, Y. (2016) · Psychology in Russia State of Art · doi:10.11621/pir.2016.0301 · Cited by 13
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS SELF-CONCEPT AND THEIR MATHEMATICS PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE: THE RELATIONSHIP
Afgani, M. W., Suryadi, D., & Dahlan, J. A. (2019) · Infinity Journal · doi:10.22460/infinity.v8i1.p99-108 · Cited by 9
Balfaqeeh, A., Mansour, N., & Forawi, S. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12090618 · Cited by 11
Passiatore, Y., Costa, S., Grossi, G., Carrus, G., & Pirchio, S. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09854-3 · Cited by 20
Relaciones longitudinales entre el autoconcepto académico y el rendimiento académico
Han, F. (2019) · Revista de Psicodidáctica · doi:10.1016/j.psicod.2019.03.001 · Cited by 8
Smith, J., Nadeau, M., Archambault, I., Guimond, F., St‐Amand, J., Fitzpatrick, C., & Gagnon, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.762766 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Self-concept on Student Achievement
Dulay, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56083-0_7 · Cited by 9
Kronborg, L., Plunkett, M., Gamble, N., & Kaman, Y. I. (2017) · Gifted and Talented International · doi:10.1080/15332276.2018.1435378 · Cited by 8
An, M., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., & Kong, L. (2021) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-021-00572-y · Cited by 10
Methods of Causal Analysis with ILSA Data
Gustafsson, J., & Nilsen, T. (2022) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88178-8_56 · Cited by 8
Gao, Y., & Ali, F. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14111203 · Cited by 11
The Effect of Goal Orientation on Student Achievement
Güler, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56083-0_18 · Cited by 7
Mathematical self-concept among prospective teachers
Takaria, J., & Palinussa, A. L. (2020) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20464 · Cited by 7
Elements of instruction that motivate students with learning disabilities to learn fractions
Newton, K. J., Jansen, A., & Puleo, P. (2022) · Mathematical Thinking and Learning · doi:10.1080/10986065.2022.2087141 · Cited by 9
doulat, A. S. A. (2018) · Modern Applied Science · doi:10.5539/mas.v12n2p164 · Cited by 7
Schnell, J., Saxer, K., Morinaj, J., & Hascher, T. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15030383 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Seaton, M., Parker, P., Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., & Yeung, A. S.
- Affiliations
- Western Sydney University (AU)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Seaton, Marjorie
- Venue
- Educational Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-08-12
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-72
- ISSN
- 0144-3410 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5820
- OpenAlex
- W2049835284
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 11.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Education › Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- academic self-concept, achievement goal orientation, mathematics achievement, mathematics self-concept, mastery orientation, motivation, bidirectional relationship, high school students, longitudinal associations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review