Occupational therapy interventions in mental health: A literature review in search of evidence
Abstract
A growing body of literature sheds light on occupational therapy (OT) interventions and outcomes in adult mental health. Although this research has not developed to the point where a systematic review is warranted, a synthesis of these findings is needed. This article provides an overview of OT interventions in adult mental health and their documented outcomes. Fifty peer-reviewed intervention studies targeting adults with mental illness were reviewed. Seven categories of interventions emerged: employment/education; psychoeducation; creative occupations/activity; time use/occupational balance; skills/habit development; group/family approaches; and animal-assisted therapy. Further research involving rigorous designs is needed to establish a solid evidence base for OT interventions in adult mental health.
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The interventions contribute to emerging evidence on interventions supporting personal recovery.
“They contribute to emerging evidence on interventions supporting personal recovery (78–80).”
From Contributions of a time use perspective in community mental health practice: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
The evidence base informing occupational therapy practice in mental health is sparse.
“Interventions that target activity engagement should be developed and evaluated, as the evidence base informing occupational therapy practice in mental health is sparse [21–23].”
Interventions targeting activity engagement and recovery are still few within psychiatric care.
“Although recovery and activity engagement seem to be related phenomena, interventions targeting activity engagement and recovery are still few within psychiatric care [21].”
From Exploring mediators of the recovery process over time among mental health service users, using a mixed model regression analysis based on cluster RCT data (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
Only a few specific manual-based occupational therapy interventions and well-controlled outcome studies exist.
“Occupational therapy would be the nearest existing alternative, but although it has a long history in mental health care, only a few specific manual-based occupational therapy interventions and well-controlled outcome studies exist [21].”
From Exploring mediators of the recovery process over time among mental health service users, using a mixed model regression analysis based on cluster RCT data (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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Țîbîrnă, A., Petrescu, C., Ciobanu, C. A., Cercel, G. E., Manea, M. C., Ciobanu, A. M., & Manea, M. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1341.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy” (MERIT) for the Occupational Therapy Practitioner
Wasmuth, S., Horsford, C., Mahaffey, L., & Lysaker, P. H. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/00084174221142172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Art as a therapeutic medium: the SuperART project
Alves, I., de Almeida, R. S., Algado, S. S., & Marques, A. J. (2024) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao287437342 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Navigating social challenges: A phenomenological exploration of living with schizophrenia
Şengül, F., & Abaoğlu, H. (2025) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226251333267 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Talavera-Valverde, M.-Á., Ben, A. P., & Souto-Gómez, A.-I. (2025) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-025-00508-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gudmundsson, M., Pálsdóttir, A. M., Sutton, D., Bejerholm, U., & Argentzell, E. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1007/s44474-026-00003-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Occupational therapy practice in mental health
Sethuraman, L., Solanki, P. V., & Srivastava, A. (2020) · The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.4103/0445-7706.314222 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Teske, J., Kugel, J. D., Javaherian-Dysinger, H., Krpalek, D., & Salamat, A. (2023) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2023.2237188 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parsonage-Harrison, J., Eklund, M., & Dawes, H. (2024) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13512 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
Machingura, T., Mavindidze, E., & Nhunzvi, C. (2025) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815313710125010006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vocational Rehabilitation for Persons with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Kim, O.-G., & Paek, H.-H. (2020) · The Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.14519/kjot.2020.28.2.08
Lovegrove, C., Sturkenboom, I. H. W. M., Smith, M. K., Marsden, J. F., & Bannigan, K. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.56640
Equine-Assisted Therapy Pilot Program: A Post-Participation Study of Client Satisfaction
Alexander, E. B., & Carsone, B. (2024) · HETI Journal International Research and Practice · doi:10.58862/swlo4473
Hill, J. R., Copley, J., Donovan, S., Ashburner, J. K., Taylor, J., & Bobir, N. (2024) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12979
Turk, Z. Y., Çelik, Z., & Abaoğlu, H. (2024) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao391237812
Nelson, A. M. L., & Krueger, R. B. (2025) · Occupational Therapy In Health Care · doi:10.1080/07380577.2025.2526049
Research on the effect of coffee on industry employees' mental health
Upadhyay, A. K., Reddy, B., Kalavathy, K. S., Gupta, S., Venkatesan, D., & Suri, S. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2025ss0310
From Theory to Practice: Developing the MOBILE Intervention for Adults with Depression
Volovic-Shushan, S., Josman, N., Baruch, L. B., & Stern, A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13212667
Kaplan, E., Tyszka, A. C., & Vandevere, M. (2025) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2025.2579907
Bjørkedal, S.-T. B., Bejerholm, U., Hjorthøj, C., Møller, T., & Eplov, L. F. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23304989
Bjørkedal, S.-T. B., Bejerholm, U., Hjorthøj, C., Møller, T., & Eplov, L. F. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23304995
Maki, D., Tehrany, R., Teixeira, M. J. C., Chumak, T., & Hoerz, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26690117
Bjørkedal, S.-T. B., Bejerholm, U., Hjorthøj, C., Møller, T., & Eplov, L. F. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23304992
Bjørkedal, S.-T. B., Bejerholm, U., Hjorthøj, C., Møller, T., & Eplov, L. F. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23304986
Dolker, T., Dolma, T., Spoerel, A., Cameron, M., Bortolin, B., Colebatch, A., Crooks, C., Toolsiedas, H., Ledo, J. M., Long, B.-Z. S., et al. (2026) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226251412253
Vélez-Almea, M. D., Franco-Acosta, P. M., Novillo-Regalado, D. S., & Abad-Valencia, P. R. (2026) · Innova Science Journal · doi:10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n2/316
Caire, J.-M., Chassan-Menon, C., Terrien, V., & Caire, M. (2026) · French Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.60856/jmc26k98z
Lönn, M. E., Westberg, K. H., Holst, A.-C., & Erlandsson, L. (2026) · Occupational Therapy International · doi:10.1155/oti/9972405
Gühne, U., Becker, T., Weinmann, S., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2026) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_50-2
- Authors
- Kirsh, B., Martin, L., Hultqvist, J., & Eklund, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Kirsh, Bonnie
- Venue
- Occupational Therapy in Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-04-03
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-156
- ISSN
- 0164-212X (ISSN-L)
- 1541-3101
- OpenAlex
- W2929745751
- Semantic Scholar
- 9e7721f137b409f4fe583e1fc148389e785ffaed
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 15.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Occupational Therapy in Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- occupational therapy intervention, adult mental health, mental illness, evidence base, psychoeducation, creative careers, time use, occupational balance, skill development, animal-assisted therapy, education and employment
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