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Cited by 133Thermoregulation and physiological responsesSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

Baker, Lindsay B., Barnes, Kelly A., Anderson, Melissa L., Passe, Dennis H., Stofan, John R.·2016·Journal of Sports Sciences
DOI 10.1080/02640414.2015.1055291
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) and whole-body sweating rate in athletes. Data from 506 athletes (367 adults, 139 youth; 404 male, 102 female) were compiled from observational athlete testing for a retrospective analysis. The participants were skill/team-sport (including American football, baseball, basketball, soccer and tennis) and endurance (including cycling, running and triathlon) athletes exercising in cool to hot environmental conditions (15-50 °C) during training or competition in the laboratory or field. A standardised regional absorbent patch technique was used to determine sweat [Na+] on the dorsal mid-forearm. Whole-body sweat [Na+] was predicted using a published regression equation (y = 0.57x+11.05). Whole-body sweating rate was calculated from pre- to post-exercise change in body mass, corrected for fluid/food intake (ad libitum) and urine output. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (range). Forearm sweat [Na+] and predicted whole-body sweat [Na+] were 43.6 ± 18.2 (12.6-104.8) mmol · L(-1) and 35.9 ± 10.4 (18.2-70.8) mmol · L(-1), respectively. Absolute and relative whole-body sweating rates were 1.21 ± 0.68 (0.26-5.73) L · h(-1) and 15.3 ± 6.8 (3.3-69.7) ml · kg(-1) · h(-1), respectively. This retrospective analysis provides normative data for athletes' forearm and predicted whole-body sweat [Na+] as well as absolute and relative whole-body sweating rate across a range of sports and environmental conditions.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Shirreffs S. M., 2011, Journal of Sports Sciences, 29, 10.1080/0264041031000140572 · DOI
  2. Wescor, 2005, Sweat•Chek™ sweat conductivity analyzer model 3120 instruction/service manual

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Metadata

Authors
Baker, L. B., Barnes, K. A., Anderson, M. L., Passe, D. H., & Stofan, J. R.
Affiliations
Gatorade Sports Science Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Baker, Lindsay B.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2015-06-12
Volume
34
Issue
4
Pages
358-368
ISSN
  • 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
  • 1466-447X
DOI
10.1080/02640414.2015.1055291
OpenAlex
W1560192318
Cited by
133
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3
FWCI
5.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Gatorade Sports Science Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
sweat sodium concentration, athletes, reference values, endurance athletes, team sports, ambient temperature, fluid balance
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Forearm, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Retrospective Studies, Sodium, Sports, Sweat, Sweating, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Young Adult

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