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Development and aetiology of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls
Open accessAbstract
between the ages of 14 and 18, and to identify factors associated with BD at age 18, among 413 adolescents. Between the ages of 14 and 18, the proportion of girls wanting to be thinner increased, although it remained unchanged among boys. A ratio of 1:2 girls and 1:5 boys reported having seriously tried to lose weight. Factors associated with BD in girls at age 18 were (1) wanting to be thinner, (2) body mass index (BMI), (3) weight control behaviours and (4) negative comments about weight. Factors associated with BD in boys at age 18 were (1) wanting to be thinner or bigger, (2) BMI, (3) having experienced sexual intercourse and (4) negative comments about weight. The high prevalence of BD and weight-related concerns suggest a need for early interventions.
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“Dion et al. [24] found a greater prevalence of body dissatisfaction (wanting to be thinner) in females from age 14 to 18.”
From Effects of Social Media and Smartphone Use on Body Esteem in Female Adolescents: Testing a Cognitive and Affective Model (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
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“These students were interested in participating in the longitudinal study and were authorised to do so by their parents.”
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“Body dissatisfaction tends to onset during adolescence; it has been estimated that 49% to 84% of adolescents experience body dissatisfaction (Dion et al., 2015), with this dissatisfaction increasing over time (Bucchianeri, Arikian, Hannan, Eisenberg, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2013).”
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da Cunha, F. C. L., Silva, D. S., Alvarenga, M. D. S., & de Vasconcelos, F. D. A. G. (2016) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.022 · Cited by 18
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“However, an increase in body mass index (BMI) in young male adults can be a consequence of an increase in muscle mass, which may influence body evaluation in the opposite direction (Calzo et al., 2013; Dion et al., 2015).”
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InfluentialAbildsnes, E., Stea, T. H., Berntsen, S., Omfjord, C. S., & Rohde, G. E. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2660-y · Cited by 34
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Borinsky, S. A., Gaughan, J., & Feldman‐Winter, L. (2019) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2019.08.002 · Cited by 23
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Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence.
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“Attitudes among girls regarding an ideal thinner body make them more likely to engage in various forms of weight reduction behaviours, including skipping breakfast (1, 9, 11, 18).”
BackgroundKaslı Olma Dürtüsü Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
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“A few small studies have shown that children with overweight and obesity often do have the desire to be thinner, but it has not been investigated how this relates with self-perception of body size (11,12).”
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Dysmorphic concern and behavioural impairment related to body image in adolescents
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“A score of 0 was interpreted as satisfaction with body image, and a score different than 0 was interpreted as body dissatisfaction (Satisfied = 0; Dissatisfied = 1) (34).”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of the body image scale for youth (BISY)
Jalali‐Farahani, S., Amiri, P., Zarani, F., Zayeri, F., & Azizi, F. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00657-z · Cited by 15
“In this regard, previous findings demonstrated that while girls tend to be dissatisfied with their bodies when their BMI is average or above average; boys tend to be dissatisfied with their bodies when they have a BMI either below or above average [39, 40].”
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“It might be that adolescent girls are more likely to have tried to lose or control weight by harmful means than boys (Ojala et al. 2012; Dion et al. 2015).”
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Pollatos, O., Georgiou, E., Kobel, S., Schreiber, A., Dreyhaupt, J., & Steinacker, J. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00973 · Cited by 18
“While the prevalence of these disorders is rising, especially among girls (2), their onset is gradually dropping (3).”
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Bahadır, A. T., Bektaşoğlu, P. K., Cakıroglu, A., Afacan, C., & Yüksel, M. (2017) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.3906/sag-1511-66 · Cited by 11
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“These changes and distress could lead to body dissatisfaction (Bucchianeri et al., 2013; Dion et al., 2015).”
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“The received results also refine the results of one study (Dion et al., 2015) that self-esteem is more connected with factors associated with physical appearance compared with body dissatisfaction.”
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“In girls, the desire to reduce body size has been shown to increase based on their body weight, while boys reported a higher desire to be bigger when classified as underweight [10].”
BackgroundResultSociocultural influences of parents on body dissatisfaction in adolescents
Ivanović, M., Milosavljevic, S., & Ivanović, U. (2017) · Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove · doi:10.1515/spes-2016-0021 · Cited by 8
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“Research evidence has established relationships between body weight dissatisfaction, depression, negative self-evaluations, and low participation in PA [21,22,23].”
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“Indeed, studies have shown that the majority of adolescents in the general population experience body dissatisfaction (Dion et al., 2015).”
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Lie, S. Ø., Bastos, R. V. S., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Wisting, L., & Dahlgren, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01151-4 · Cited by 6
“Among several components of body image, body dissatisfaction refers to a negative evaluation of one’s body [9], and is a well-known risk and maintenance factor for eating disorders (EDs) [10].”
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Adolescents’ Responses to Cereal Ads: An Assessment of Weight and Gender
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Dell’Osbel, R. S., Donatti, T., Henn, R. L., Cremonese, C., Capp, E., & Gregoletto, M. L. D. O. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520004250 · Cited by 6
“It is known that weight loss attempts are significantly greater among individuals with BD(53,54), in addition to, at the age of 18 years, increasing the chances of having BD and wanting a thinner figure about two times(11).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYetişkin Bireylerde Vücut Farkındalığı ve Antropometrik Ölçümlerle İlişkisi
Koçyiğit, E., Arslan, N., & Köksal, E. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.33076/2018.bdd.317 · Cited by 6
“Yapılan araştırmalar cinsiyet farkı gözetmeksizin bireylerin vücut ağırlıklarını oldukları ağırlıktan daha düşük tahmin ettiğini ve bu durumun yeme bozukluğu tanısı olanlarda, adölesanlarda, fazla kilolu ve obez bireylerde daha belirgin olduğunu bildirmektedir (28-30).”
Reframing How Providers Advocate for Adolescent Well-Being in Body Image, Eating, and Weight
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“This dissatisfaction stems from the discrepancy between the perceived physical appearance and the ideal physical appearance (Dion et al., 2015).”
Adolescent Diet Culture: Where Does it Originate?
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“Teenagers frequently experience body image dissatisfaction, with prevalence rates ranging from 30% to 80% (Dion et al., 2014).”
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Samari, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Tan, B. C. W., Chang, S. S. H., Tan, Y. W. B., Archana, S., Chua, Y. C., Tang, C. Y. Z., Lee, Y. P., Chew, C. S. E., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1505161 · Cited by 9
Pengaruh Ketidakpuasan Tubuh terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan Makan pada Remaja
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Mental Health of Russian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Slobodskaya, H. R., Safronova, M. V., Semenova, N. B., Kornienko, O. S., Rippinen, T. O., Валентиновна, Р. Е., Leto, I. V., Petrenko, E. N., Козлова, Е. А., Варшал, А. В., et al. (2023) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-1-16-26 · Cited by 4
Alsheweir, A., Goyder, E., Alzahrani, M. A., & Caton, S. J. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16132119 · Cited by 3
“A longitudinal study focused on understanding the aetiology of body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls aged 14 to 18 years concluded that their body dissatisfaction is linked to the desire to be thinner, weight control practises, negative comments about weight, and BMI [17].”
BackgroundSmıth, D. J., Damiano, S. R., McLean, S. A., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01178-7 · Cited by 4
“Regarding biological factors, it is of interest that BMI was unrelated to body satisfaction in this sample when this relationship is consistently observed in adolescents [28, 83, 84].”
Eating Disorders and Body Image Across the Lifespan: A Focus on Boys and Men in Midlife and Beyond
Brown, T. A., & Lavender, J. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67127-3_21 · Cited by 3
Hochgraf, A. K., Lanza, S. T., Fosco, G. M., & McHale, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23586 · Cited by 3
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BODY IMAGE AND ADOLESCENTS’ HEALTH, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL VARIABLES
Argüelles, D. F., Fernández‐Río, J., & Estrada, J. A. C. (2022) · Journal of Sport and Health Research · doi:10.58727/jshr.89470 · Cited by 5
A structural equation model of intuitive eating with adolescents
Williot, A., Blackburn, M.-È., Auclair, J., Brault, M., Carbonneau, N., & Dion, J. (2023) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2022.100816 · Cited by 4
Body image dissatisfaction during the first year of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis
Cushman, G. K., Rea, K. E., Westbrook, A. L., Alexander, C., & Reed, B. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.12095 · Cited by 3
Quandt, V. G., Martins‐Silva, T., Kaufmann, C. C., Bielemann, R. M., Muniz, L. C., & Mintem, G. C. (2024) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232024295.01542023 · Cited by 3
Wei, Z., Liu, K., Yang, W., Zhang, Y., Fu, H., & Fu, L. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05396-5 · Cited by 3
“Children are more likely to experience body image dissatisfaction due to their characteristics of physical, cognitive, and emotional (Dion et al., 2014).”
Body Image in Adolescents – A Clinical Issue
Pemde, H. K. (2015) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-015-1901-5 · Cited by 3
“BD in boys at 18 y was associated with wanting to be thinner or bigger, BMI, having experienced sexual intercourse and negative comments about weight [9].”
BackgroundThe structure of adolescent mental health problems: The role of effortful control and school safety
Валентиновна, Р. Е., Slobodskaya, H. R., & Semenova, N. B. (2023) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12166 · Cited by 5
İlçede öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları
Kzbn, T. S. C. N., & Koçoğlu, D. (2021) · Mersin üniversitesi sağlık bilimleri dergisi/Mersin üniversitesi sağlık bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.790405 · Cited by 2
Ekberg, K. M., Michelini, G., Schneider, K. L., Docherty, A. R., Shabalin, A. A., Perlman, G., Kotov, R., Klein, D. N., & Waszczuk, M. A. (2024) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-024-03323-z · Cited by 2
“18,19 Consistently, BMI is positively associated with body dissatisfaction, especially concerns around weight and body shape.”
Xie, P., Sang, H., Wang, X., & Huang, C. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107913 · Cited by 2
Distorted body representation in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa
Bijsterbosch, J. M., Sternheim, L. C., Boelen, P. A., Danner, U. N., van Eikenhorst, C. H., Dijkerman, H. C., & Keizer, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104830 · Cited by 2
Montes, J. F. C., González, Ó. U. R., Rayas, P. M. D. C., León, Y. J. G., Alcalá, Y. A. M., & Hernández, D. L. A. (2018) · Revista de Psicología y Ciencias del Comportamiento de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales · doi:10.29059/rpcc.20181207-74 · Cited by 2
Screening for Body Image Concerns, Eating Disorders, and Sexual Abuse in Adolescents
Spinner, S., & Rudolph, B. D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66130-0.00012-0 · Cited by 3
Developing a Positive Body Image in Young Women by the Means of Training Technologies
Белогай, К. Н., Morozova, I. S., Каган, Е. С., Ивановна, Г. М., & Borisenko, Y. V. (2019) · Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.17759/cpp.2019270402 · Cited by 2
Primaningtyas, W., PUTRI, A. A. A. K. A. N., & Hastuti, H. (2020) · Smart Medical Journal · doi:10.13057/smj.v2i2.35672 · Cited by 2
Blomquist, K. K., Ellison, W. D., Siddiqui, S., & Montgomery, K. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101675 · Cited by 1
Teen sexual harassment, sexual orientation, and health in an urban setting
Bosch-Arís, M., León-Gómez, B. B., Forcadell‐Díez, L., Espinel-Flores, V., Serral, G., López, M. J., Vives‐Cases, C., Sanz‐Barbero, B., & Pérez, G. (2024) · Violence An International Journal · doi:10.1177/26330024241249188 · Cited by 1
“…yes but not in the last 30 days, never); (e) Bodily satisfaction (satis fi ed/dissatis fi ed) measured by the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS) (Dion et al., 2015); (f) Having experienced discrimination because of sexual orientation (yes/no), de fi ned in the questionnaire as “ feeling upset or…”
MethodÇebi, M., & Ertekin, A. (2024) · Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.52976/vansaglik.1513142 · Cited by 1
Suh, B. C., Beccia, A. L., Celebrano, B., & Veilleux, N. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24421 · Cited by 1
Adolescents’ Experiences with Being Weighed at School: A Qualitative Interview Study in Norway
Risøy, M. K., & Gunnarskog, M. G. (2026) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/23333936261435414 · Cited by 1
“Although BMI measurements are implemented with health-promoting intentions, the findings indicate that this practice may undermine those aims, particularly when psychological, social, and organizational factors are considered.”
InfluentialCuccì, G., Colombo, C. C., Natale, A. F. D., Confalonieri, E., & Villani, D. (2026) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2026.2701692 · Cited by 1
Livazović, G., & Mudrinić, I. (2018) · International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition · doi:10.6000/1929-4247.2018.07.02.5 · Cited by 1
Weight-Related Selves and Their Relationship With Body Mass Index Among Young Individuals in Curaçao
Dijkstra, P., van Brummen-Girigori, O. J., & Barelds, D. P. H. (2019) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798419865402 · Cited by 1
“Originally, studies on weight-related selves were conducted in Western cultures, such as the Netherlands (Dalley & Buunk, 2009), France (e.g., Dion et al., 2015), and the United States (e.g., Fallon & Rozin, 1985).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRavesh, S. M. H. H. (2020) · Physical education sport and health culture in modern society · doi:10.29038/2220-7481-2020-01-107-115 · Cited by 1
Bridging Science and Practical Appliance in Resistance Training
Marinho, D. A., Forte, P., de Sousa, M. D. S. C., & Neiva, H. P. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104335 · Cited by 1
Investigating Appearance Ideal Alignment of Popular Fitness Apparel Brands on Instagram
Monk, S., Fetter, S., Coyne, P., & Woodruff, S. J. (2023) · International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities · doi:10.4018/ijsmoc.331084 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Dion, J., Blackburn, M.-E., Auclair, J., Laberge, L., Veillette, S., Gaudreault, M., Vachon, P., Perron, M., & Touchette, É.
- Affiliations
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (CA)
- ,
- Cégep de Jonquière (CA)
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Dion, Jacinthe
- Venue
- International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-12-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-166
- ISSN
- 0267-3843 (ISSN-L)
- 2164-4527
- PMC
- PMC4391290
- OpenAlex
- W1999993784
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 8.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Adolescence and Youth (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Constellation (Université du Québec à Chicoutimi) (acceptedVersion)
- Le dépôt institutionnel (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- body dissatisfaction, adolescents, body image, weight concern, body mass index, weight control behaviors, sexual intercourse, gender differences, etiology, development (biology), early intervention
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