Perceived Benefits of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy beyond Symptom Reduction: Qualitative Follow-Up Study of a Clinical Trial for Individuals with Treatment-Resistant PTSD
Abstract
We present select findings from a long-term follow-up qualitative study of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for veterans, firefighters, and police officers suffering from chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted at participants' one-year follow-up after a recently completed phase 2 clinical trial. Available interviews from 19 of 24 participants were analyzed. This qualitative analysis sought to complement, clarify, and expand upon the quantitative findings obtained from the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) and supported by the Long-Term Follow-Up (LTFU) Questionnaire. Pertinent data from interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodological framework. We explore prominent thematic elements from participant accounts to better understand the outcomes experienced in this trial. All participants reported experiencing lasting personal benefits and enhanced quality of life that extend beyond quantifiable symptom reduction. We explore a range of treatment benefits beyond symptom reduction to highlight the utility of qualitative investigations of the process and effects of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Limitations and challenges encountered in conducting this study are discussed along with recommendations for improved qualitative research protocols in future clinical trials.
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MDMA improves psychological flexibility, reduces fear of negative evaluation, and enhances self-reflection.
“MDMA has been shown to improve psychological flexibility, reduce fear of negative evaluation, and enhance self-reflection (89, 134–136).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [135]
Anecdotal reports of MDMA-AT sessions suggest that MDMA increases self-compassion and self-acceptance.
“In addition, anecdotal reports of MDMA-AT sessions suggest that MDMA increases self-compassion and self-acceptance (28, 110).”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
A qualitative study of people in MDMA-AT for PTSD found that 12 out of 19 of the interviewees reported subjective improvements in relationships and social skills as a result of MDMA-AT.
“Furthermore, a qualitative study of people in MDMA-AT for PTSD, Barone et al. (110) found that 12 out of 19 of the interviewees reported subjective improvements in relationships and social skills as a result of MDMA-AT.”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
Twelve out of 19 PTSD patients interviewed 1 year after completing MDMA-assisted therapy reported enhanced relationships and social functioning as a benefit.
“Twelve out of 19 PTSD patients interviewed 1 year after they had completed MDMA-assisted therapy reported enhanced relationships and social functioning as a benefit from participating in the treatment (23).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Barone, W., Beck, J., Mitsunaga-Whitten, M., & Perl, P.
- Affiliations
- John F. Kennedy University (US)
- Comprehensive Drug Education Consultants (CDEC), Portland, OR, USA
- Smith College (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barone, William
- Venue
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-03-08
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-208
- ISSN
- 0279-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-9777
- OpenAlex
- W2921718279
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 8.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- River Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, treatment-resistant PTSD, veterans, firefighters, police officers, long-term follow-up, quality of life, personal benefits, symptom relief, psychedelic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hallucinogens, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Retrospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Young Adult
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