The Political Economy of Land Acquisition and Redistribution in Zimbabwe, 1990-1999
Abstract
This article analyses the socio-economic and political implications of land acquisition in Zimbabwe in the 1990s generally, and particularly in 1997 when the government identified 1,471 farms for potential acquisition and redistribution to black smallholder farmers. The efforts to acquire land for redistribution occurred in the context of growing research interest in comparing land reform across southern Africa, despite the different historical experiences. The Zimbabwean case has been cast as an attempt to pursue a radical state-led approach to land redistribution through compulsory land acquisition, or as a failed bureaucratic and 'non-transparent' effort. In contrast, the South African experience came to be held up as a more democratic, transparent, community driven and less costly 'market assisted' approach. Stereotypes in the literature on land reform in southern Africa influence the process of resolving the land question. While the dominant trend seems to be an acceptance of market prescription from the donor community, the Zimbabwean state, in particular, has intervened in the so-called land market in a more radical way. Attempts to acquire land in 1997, six years after the formal adoption of the Structural Adjustment Programme, led the international community to believe that land reform was being used as a strategy to bolster an 'unpopular' regime. The overall conclusion of the article is that the dominant fear that state-led land reform will bring economic collapse is unfounded, given the social and political implications of a failure to address the land question.
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This reflects a simmering ethnicised intra-class competition for land, replicating incipient tendencies in the 1990s.
“This reflects a simmering ethnicised intra-class competition for land, replicating incipient tendencies in the 1990s (Moyo 1995(Moyo , 1999)).”
From Three decades of agrarian reform in Zimbabwe (2011) · cites this paper as Moyo 1999
A number of authors have argued that the most important reason for the slackening pace of land transfers in Zimbabwe was a lack of faith in the production capacity of small-scale farmers, and a desire to assuage the worries of international and local investors.
“A number of authors, however, have argued that the most important reason for the slackening pace of land transfers was a lack of faith in the production capacity of small-scale farmers, and a desire to assuage the worries of international and local investors (Moyo, 2000;Scoones et al., 2010).”
From Land Reform in Southern Africa: Myths, Visions and the Harsh Realities of Development and Justice: Review Essay: Land Reform in Southern Africa (2011) · cites this paper as Moyo, 2000
Misgivings about small-scale farming firmly underpinned pre-2000 land redistribution policies in Zimbabwe.
“And though presently President Mugabe claims otherwise, it also firmly underpinned pre-2000 land redistribution policies in Zimbabwe (Hughes, 2006;Moyo, 2000).”
From Land Reform in Southern Africa: Myths, Visions and the Harsh Realities of Development and Justice: Review Essay: Land Reform in Southern Africa (2011) · cites this paper as Moyo, 2000
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“Specifically, about six million peasants were living on ‘marginal rural lands,’ while only 4500 mainly white large-scale farmers dominated the agricultural economy (Moyo, 2000).”
BackgroundRURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY CROSS-ROADS IN A POST-ZANU (PF) ERA!
Thebe, V. (2010) · Journal of sustainable development in Africa · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sustainable extension support to land reform beneficiaries in Zimbabwe (Mashonaland West)
Muchesa, E. (2014) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Politics of Land Law: Poverty and Land Legislation in Bangladesh
Billah, S. M. M. (2017) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060834 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Musengi, M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190880514.003.0008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Western Response to the Crisis in Zimbabwe
Lee, M. C. (2003) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Moyo, P. (2021) · Review of African Political Economy · doi:10.1080/03056244.2021.1990033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…Acquisition Act in 1992, which gave it strengthened powers to acquire land for resettlement subject to the payment of fair compensation and introduce a land tax (Moyo 2000; Stoneman and Bowyer-Bower 2000), it argued that this stringent market-based approach prevented it from buying adequate land.”
BackgroundNgomane, T. S., & Sebola, M. P. (2016) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mudege, N. N. (2008) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/03768350802318597 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
De la réforme agraire à l’hyperinflation : l’expérience zimbabwéenne (1997-2008)
Drabo, D. (2018) · Revue de la régulation · doi:10.4000/regulation.13846 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Political Theology of Zimbabwe’s Land Reform: Churches at Cross roads in Zimbabwe from 1890-2017.
Dimingu, C., & Goronga, P. (2019) · International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) · doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v7i1.sh01 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“(Moyo 2000:6) These invasions claimed the lives of both white and black citizens, forced thousands off their farms, left close to two million black farm workers and their dependants without their livelihoods and destroyed the agricultural system.”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Moyo, S.
- Corresponding author
- Moyo, Sam
- Venue
- Journal of Southern African Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-28
- ISSN
- 0305-7070 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3893
- OpenAlex
- W2115156732
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 19.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Southern African Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › African studies and sociopolitical issues
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Land Rights and Reforms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Keywords
- land acquisition, land redistribution, land reform, Zimbabwe, smallholder farmers, land question, structural adjustment, political economy of land, land market, donor policy
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