Energy, macronutrient and water intake during a mountain ultramarathon event: The influence of distance
Abstract
Adequate dietary strategies are essential for the successful participation in ultra-endurance races. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the energy and water intakes of participants during three different mountain ultra-endurance runs. The study took place at the “Ultra Mallorca Serra de Tramuntana” (Mallorca, Spain), an ultra-endurance mountain event with runners participating either in a 44-km (Marathon, n = 51), a 67-km (Trail, n = 109) or a 112-km (Ultra, n = 53) run competition. Participants in the study answered a questionnaire focused on the nutritional intake within an hour after finishing the competition. Mean energy intake during the competitions was 183 kcal · h¯1, with an average carbohydrate intake of 31 g · h¯1 (52.1% of participants consumed less than 30 g · h¯1). No significant differences between competitions were found in these parameters. However, a higher percentage of energy from lipids in participants in the Trail and the Ultra was found (P = 0.034). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in water intake per hour of competition (P = 0.039), with the lowest value for the intake during the Ultra competition. In conclusion, the majority of the participants in the study present low carbohydrate intakes. However, fluid intake seems to be adequate. Different distances did not significantly influence the participants’ nutritional strategies.
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Amateur runners contesting races of up to 70 miles (112 km) ingested carbohydrate at a mean rate of 30 g·h−1.
“There are reports that amateur runners contesting races of up to 70 miles (112 km) ingested CHO at a mean rate of 30 g·h− 1 [95].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [95]
With increasing race distance, a greater proportion of calories from exogenous fat may be critical for success.
“With increasing race distance, a greater proportion of calories from exogenous fat may be critical for success [95].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [95]
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- Authors
- Martinez, S., Aguilo, A., Rodas, L., Lozano, L., Moreno, C., & Tauler, P.
- Affiliations
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles & Health, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Tauler, Pedro
- ORCID
- Tauler, Pedro
- Venue
- Journal of Sports Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-03-21
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 333-339
- ISSN
- 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-447X
- OpenAlex
- W2600020251
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- ultra-endurance running, energy intake, macronutrient intake, carbohydrate intake, dietary fat intake, water intake, fluid intake, race distance, post-exercise nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Competitive Behavior, Dietary Carbohydrates, Drinking, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Running, Sodium, Dietary
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