The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effect of whey protein (WP), with or without resistance exercise, on body weight and body composition in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in generally healthy adult study populations. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs that investigated WP (concentrate, isolate, or hydrolystate) and body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and waist circumference. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate weighted group mean differences (WGMD) for between-group comparisons (WP vs other protein sources or carbohydrates) and within-WP group comparisons (i.e., differences from baseline to trial end). Studies were classified into 2 distinct groups-WP as a supplement without dietary modification (WPS) and WP as a replacement for other sources of calories (WPR)-and were meta-analyzed separately. Subgroup analyses included examining the effect of resistance exercise and type of WP on the relationship between WP and body composition. RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs were included, with a total of 626 adult study completers. Five studies examined the effects of WPR and the remaining 9 studies examined the effects of WPS. Body weight (WGMD: -4.20 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.67, -0.73) and body fat (WGMD: -3.74 kg, 95% CI, -5.98, -1.50) were significantly decreased from baseline in the WPR within-group analyses. In the between-group analyses, the effects of WP were more favorable when compared with carbohydrates than protein sources other than whey, although findings did not reach statistical significance. Results from the subgroup analyses indicated a statistically significant increase in LBM (WGMD: 2.24 kg, 95% CI, 0.66, 3.81) among studies that included a resistance exercise component along with WP provision. CONCLUSION: The current body of literature supports the use of WP, either as a supplement combined with resistance exercise or as part of a weight loss or weight maintenance diet, to improve body composition parameters.
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“This lack of agreement on the efficacy of protein supplementation6–12 is likely due to the use of divergent study inclusion criteria and inclusion of subjects with differing: ages, training statuses, total protein intakes, protein sources and protein doses.”
In the citing paper
“Previous systemic reviews have shown nonsignificant effects on changes in muscle mass [20,69], muscle strength [20], and physical mobility [19] in response to PS + MSE for elderly adults who mostly were healthy or not frail.”
In the citing paper
“Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated nonsignificant effects on changes in body weight [21,71,87], muscle mass [19,87], muscle strength [19], and physical mobility [20] in response to PS plus RET among older adults who mostly were healthy or nonfrail.”
From Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [87]
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AKTAN, E., & Uçar, A. (2022) · Journal of General Health Sciences (JGEHES) Necmettin Erbakan University · doi:10.51123/jgehes.2022.68 · Cited by 1
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Pemilihan Padi Terbaik Pada Kelompok Tani Sri Rejeki dengan Metode WP (Weighted Product)
Pratama, A. Y., & Gunawan, E. T. (2021) · Journal of Information System Research (JOSH) · Cited by 1
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Racey, M. (2017) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
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SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF WHEY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION IN TEENAGE ATHLETES
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, P. E., Alexander, D. D., & Perez, V.
- Affiliations
- Exponent (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Miller, Paige E.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-03-04
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-175
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2117969485
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- whey protein, resistance training, body composition, body weight, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, waist circumference, protein supplementation, weight loss, weight maintenance, protein hydrolysates, protein isolates, whey protein concentrate, dietary substitution
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Body Composition, Humans, Milk Proteins, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Resistance Training
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