Cited by 122Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement Techniques

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Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Miller, Paige E., Alexander, Dominik D., Perez, Vanessa·2014·Journal of the American College of Nutrition

DOI 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effect of whey protein (WP), with or without resistance exercise, on body weight and body composition in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in generally healthy adult study populations. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs that investigated WP (concentrate, isolate, or hydrolystate) and body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and waist circumference. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate weighted group mean differences (WGMD) for between-group comparisons (WP vs other protein sources or carbohydrates) and within-WP group comparisons (i.e., differences from baseline to trial end). Studies were classified into 2 distinct groups-WP as a supplement without dietary modification (WPS) and WP as a replacement for other sources of calories (WPR)-and were meta-analyzed separately. Subgroup analyses included examining the effect of resistance exercise and type of WP on the relationship between WP and body composition. RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs were included, with a total of 626 adult study completers. Five studies examined the effects of WPR and the remaining 9 studies examined the effects of WPS. Body weight (WGMD: -4.20 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.67, -0.73) and body fat (WGMD: -3.74 kg, 95% CI, -5.98, -1.50) were significantly decreased from baseline in the WPR within-group analyses. In the between-group analyses, the effects of WP were more favorable when compared with carbohydrates than protein sources other than whey, although findings did not reach statistical significance. Results from the subgroup analyses indicated a statistically significant increase in LBM (WGMD: 2.24 kg, 95% CI, 0.66, 3.81) among studies that included a resistance exercise component along with WP provision. CONCLUSION: The current body of literature supports the use of WP, either as a supplement combined with resistance exercise or as part of a weight loss or weight maintenance diet, to improve body composition parameters.

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Authors: Miller, P. E., Alexander, D. D., & Perez, V.
Affiliations: Exponent (United States) (US)
ORCID: Miller, Paige E.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2014-03-04
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 163-175
ISSN: 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
1541-1087
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365
OpenAlex: W2117969485
Cited by: 122
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords: whey protein, resistance training, body composition, body weight, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, waist circumference, protein supplementation, weight loss, weight maintenance, protein hydrolysates, protein isolates, whey protein concentrate, dietary substitution
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Body Composition, Humans, Milk Proteins, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Resistance Training

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Effects of Whey Protein and Resistance Exercise on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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