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Cited by 131Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsBioenergy crop production and managementCO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions

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Potential Soil Carbon Sequestration and CO 2 Offset by Dedicated Energy Crops in the USA

Sartori, Fabio, Lal, Rattan, Ebinger, Michael H., Parrish, David J.·2006·Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
DOI 10.1080/07352680600961021
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Abstract

Energy crops are fast-growing species whose biomass yields are dedicated to the production of more immediately usable energy forms, such as liquid fuels or electricity. Biomass-based energy sources can offset, or displace, some amount of fossil-fuel use. Energy derived from biomass provides 2 to 3% of the energy used in the U.S.A.; but, with the exception of corn-(Zea mays L.)-to-ethanol, very little energy is currently derived from dedicated energy crops. In addition to the fossil-fuel offset, energy cropping might also mitigate an accentuated greenhouse gas effect by causing a net sequestration of atmospheric C into soil organic C (SOC). Energy plantations of short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) or herbaceous crops (HC) can potentially be managed to favor SOC sequestration. This review is focused primarily on the potential to mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions by fostering SOC sequestration in energy cropping systems deployed across the landscape in the United States. We know that land use affects the dynamics of the SOC pool, but data about spatial and temporal variability in the SOC pool under SRWC and HC are scanty due to lack of well-designed, long-term studies. The conventional methods of studying SOC fluxes involve paired-plot designs and chronosequences, but isotopic techniques may also be feasible in understanding temporal changes in SOC. The rate of accumulation of SOC depends on land-use history, soil type, vegetation type, harvesting cycle, and other management practices. The SOC pool tends to be enhanced more under deep-rooted grasses, N-fixers, and deciduous species. Carbon sequestration into recalcitrant forms in the SOC pool can be enhanced with some management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, fertilization, irrigation); but those practices can carry a fossil-C cost. Reported rates of SOC sequestration range from 0 to 1.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under SRWC and 0 to 3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under HC. Production of 5 EJ of electricity from energy crops—a perhaps reasonable scenario for the U.S.A.—would require about 60 Mha. That amount of land is potentially available for conversion to energy plantations in the U.S.A. The land so managed could mitigate C emissions (through fossil C not emitted and SOC sequestered) by about 5.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. On 60 Mha, that would represent 324 Tg C yr−1—a 20% reduction from current fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. Advances in productivity of fast-growing SRWC and HC species suggest that deployment of energy cropping systems could be an effective strategy to reduce climate-altering effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to meet global policy commitments.

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Research works printed but not linked: 11

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Metadata

Authors
Sartori, F., Lal, R., Ebinger, M. H., & Parrish, D. J.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
  • Virginia Tech (US)
ORCID
Lal, Rattan
Venue
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2006-10
Volume
25
Issue
5
Pages
441-472
ISSN
  • 0735-2689 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-7836
DOI
10.1080/07352680600961021
OpenAlex
W1970050050
Cited by
131
References
182
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
15.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Keywords
soil carbon sequestration, energy crops, short rotation woody crops, herbaceous energy crops, fossil fuel displacement, soil organic carbon, biomass energy, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, land use change, conservation tillage, nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration rate, electricity generation from biomass

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