Aerogel Composites and Blankets with Embedded Fibrous Material by Ambient Drying: Reviewing Their Production, Characteristics, and Potential Applications
Abstract
Aerogels are three-dimensional nanostructures of non-fluid colloids connected to porous networks made of loosely packed bonded particles. They are often manufactured utilizing the sol-gel technique following a drying procedure like supercritical, freeze, or ambient pressure drying. It is the lightest solid material and has several unique qualities, including excellent insulation. Intrinsic brittleness and porous nature make their processing and handling complex, which restrict applicability in several real-world dynamic situations. An effective strategy to strengthen the silica aerogel structure is manufacturing composites with an incorporated fibrous material, which expands their uses considerably. This study covers the scientific synthesis, characterization, and applications of silica aerogel. It encourages silica aerogel composites/blankets that are strengthened by additives and fibrous material made from a wide variety of fibers and fabrics, as well as their manufacturing processes and properties. The effect of fibrous material (fiber and fabric) embedment on the final properties of composites has been extensively discussed, considering the amount of loading in the matrix and their unique characteristics, such as density, shrinkage, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties. Fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composites’/blankets applications are briefly discussed, indicating advancements in aerogel functions such as thermal sensors, acoustic insulators, and technical textiles such as protective clothing, medical textiles, and insulation blankets.
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Aerogel is 8-9 times more costly than inorganic-based materials or polymeric foams.
“The inorganic-based materials or polymeric foams are less costly than the aerogel, which is 8–9-times higher.”
From Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
Silica aerogel or blankets can replace insulating materials such as polystyrene and polyurethane because they have low heat conductivity.
“The replacement for insulating material like polystyrene and polyurethane can be carried out by silica aerogel or blankets, as they have low heat conductivity for their inorganic characteristics.”
From Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
Non-precious alternatives such as metals/alloys, their oxides/phosphides/sulfides/selenides/nitrides/carbides, metal-free carbon, single atoms, and composites hold high promise for use in electrochemical water splitting.
“These materials have been widely reported and hold high promise for use in electrochemical water splitting.”
From Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Sharma, J., Sheikh, J., & Behera, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Jaya
- Venue
- Drying Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-01-12
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 915-947
- ISSN
- 0737-3937 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2300
- OpenAlex
- W4315779704
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drying Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Aerogels and thermal insulation
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
- Keywords
- silica aerogel, composite aerogels, aerogel blankets, fiber reinforcement, air drying, freeze casting, supercritical drying, thermal insulation, sound insulation, temperature sensors, protective clothing, medical textiles, mechanical properties, thermal properties, acoustic features, shrinkage
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