Cited by 611Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthDeath, Funerary Practices, and MourningDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Predictors of Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

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Lobb, Elizabeth A., Kristjanson, Linda J., Aoun, Samar M., Monterosso, Leanne, Halkett, Georgia K. B., Davies, Anna·2010·Death Studies

DOI 10.1080/07481187.2010.496686

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Abstract

A systematic review of the literature on predictors of complicated grief (CG) was undertaken with the aim of clarifying the current knowledge and to inform future planning and work in CG following bereavement. Predictors of CG prior to the death include previous loss, exposure to trauma, a previous psychiatric history, attachment style, and the relationship to the deceased. Factors associated with the death include violent death, the quality of the caregiving or dying experience, close kinship relationship to the deceased, marital closeness and dependency, and lack of preparation for the death. Perceived social support played a key role after death, along with cognitive appraisals and high distress at the time of the death. Inconsistent definitions of CG and measurement tools were noted in the earlier studies reviewed. Limitations identified in the studies included use of cross-sectional designs, heterogeneous samples, high attrition, demographic differences between cases and controls, differences in length of time since death, and differences in types of death experienced. Notwithstanding these limitations, some consistent findings have emerged. Further research into conceptualizations of CG in terms of attachment theory and constructivist and cognitive-behavioral concepts of finding purpose and meaning after bereavement is warranted.

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“…is an unexpected loss of a closely related person (death), there are no funeral ceremonies that should be given to those who have passed away during the Covid-19 period, such as burial, after death, and so on (Castle & Phillips, 2011) and reduced physical and social support (Lobb et al., 2010).”
Background
The Current Status of Bereavement Care in Chinese Emergency Departments: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Peng, Y., Wu, H., Tao, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., & Huang, P. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231224550 · Cited by 1
“Trauma and active medical intervention before death are signi ﬁ cant factors in the development of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved people (Djelantik et al., 2020; Lobb et al., 2010).”
“I Don’t Feel Judged. I Just Feel Love”: Perceptions of Animals as Support for Grievers
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Peng, Y., Wu, H., Zhang, M., & Huang, P. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2324907 · Cited by 1
“Numerous factors related to death/treatment such as violence, unexpected loss, and aggressive medical intervention may increase family member’s risk of developing prolonged grief disorder (Djelantik et al., 2020; Lobb et al., 2010).”
Predictors of Complicated Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Classified Analysis
Morstead, T., Rights, J. D., Sin, N. L., & DeLongis, A. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241239698 · Cited by 1
“…that younger age of the deceased was associated with heightened CG symptoms — a ﬁ nding that is commonly reported in the literature (Chen & Tang, 2021; Lobb et al., 2010; Mason et al., 2020; Selman et al., 2022) — emerged both within relationship categories (i.e., compared to other reported…”
Influential
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Münch, U. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67742-1_16 · Cited by 1
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Goveas, J. S., Shear, M. K., & Simon, N. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_43 · Cited by 1
A Source of Peace
Ruiz, X. M. (2024) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004720510_014 · Cited by 1
Government Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Depressive Symptoms Following Widowhood
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de Almeida, M. F., Costa, J., Martins, C., Almeida, M. D. L., Ramos, C., Coelho, A., & Leal, I. M. P. (2025) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228251364697 · Cited by 1
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Mitchell, L. A., & Murillo, J. F. (2016) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino) · Cited by 1
The Experiences of Emergency Nurses During the Covid-19 Crisis: Factor Analysis
AlQurash, A. A., Thobaity, A. A., Al‐Moteri, M., Almalki, M., & Ahmari, W. A. (2020) · Health Notions · doi:10.33846/hn40703 · Cited by 1
“(C) In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses and other healthcare providers experience grief due to the daily deaths of patients and related ethical issues because of the lack of medical supplies such as ventilators((12,13)).”
Background
Ensaio narrativo sobre processo de enlutamento frente a covid-19
Neto, O. M. D. S., dos Reis, M. L. A., Alexandrino, A., & Agra, G. (2020) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7562
IS IT HELPFUL TO HELP OTHERS WHILE GRIEVING?
Pfeffer, C., & Bonanno, G. A. (2020) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2020.39.7.571 · Cited by 1
Recommendations for Family Care During Grief
Arantes, A. C. D. L. Q. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57535-9_10 · Cited by 1
Pediatric Palliative Care
Friedrichsdorf, S. J. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-351-5 · Cited by 2
Between theory and therapy: Grief and loss skills-based training for hospital social workers
Lewis, G. D., & Fox, S. (2019) · Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education · Cited by 1
“I didn’t want to remember memories of caring, but I can’t help it”: A qualitative study of the experiences of bereaved Iranian carers with elevated levels of prolonged grief symptoms
Salehi, D., Zarani, F., Fata, L., Sharbafchi, M. R., & Lobb, E. A. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2022.2036270 · Cited by 1
“Studies have identified potential risk factors for PGD including relational factors, personality traits, coping style, drug or alcohol abuse, and psychiatric history (Lobb et al., 2010; Mason et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The Predictive Relationship between Emotional Expressiveness and Discussing Death with Children: An Exploratory Study with Online College Parents
Gill, S. A. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 1
The traumatic effect of homicide in mentally disordered offenders and implications for treatment
Bromley, A. (2016) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 1
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Granek, L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_127 · Cited by 1
Trait Anxiety, Self-Compassion, and Complicated Grief: Examining the Distinct Role of Perceived Social SupportPreprint
Sarper, E., & Rodrigues, D. L. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/74mes · Cited by 1
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Bereavement Outcomes among Spousal Hospice Caregivers: The Role of Rumination, Feelings of Relief, and Perceived Suffering
Allen, J. Y. (2012) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
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An examination of the relationship between attachment and loss : the role of meaning-making
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The Healing Journey: What Are the Lived Experiences of Suicide Survivors Who Become Peer Counsellors?
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Terapia de duelo desde la perspectiva de William Worden
Gallegos, V., & Augusta, M. (2015) · USFQ Digital Repository (Universidad San Francisco de Quito)
The Relationship of Patient Population and Nurses’ Certification Statuses on Nurses’ Practices in Preparing Families for the End of Life
Kehl, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000108
“The preparedness of familymembers for thepatient’s final days affects mental health, grieving, and the person’s response to the experience of the death.(1) Preparation of family for the final days and for the patient’s death is most often done by nurses.”
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Hurley, S. L., & Archer‐Nanda, E. (2016) · doi:10.1093/med/9780190204747.003.0035
Adolescent Bereavement: A Nuanced Landscape of Loss
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The Isolated Search for Meaning: A Phenomenological Study of Adolescent Grief and Bereavement
McKinnon, S. (2015) · National University System Repository (National University System)

Authors: Lobb, E. A., Kristjanson, L. J., Aoun, S. M., Monterosso, L., Halkett, G. K. B., & Davies, A.
Affiliations: Edith Cowan University (AU)
Curtin University (AU)
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Lobb, Elizabeth A.
ORCID: Lobb, Elizabeth A.
Aoun, Samar M.
Monterosso, Leanne
Halkett, Georgia K. B.
Venue: Death Studies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-08-19
Volume: 34
Issue: 8
Pages: 673-698
ISSN: 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
1091-7683
DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2010.496686
OpenAlex: W2047256903
Cited by: 611
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Locations: Death Studies (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
ResearchOnline@ND (The University of Notre Dame) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Australian Government
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: complicated grief, bereavement, attachment styles, trauma exposure, psychiatric history, violent death, caregiver experiences, kinship, marital intimacy, preparation for death, social support, cognitive appraisal, meaning-making, attachment theory, constructivist learning model, cognitive-behavioral model
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Attitude to Death, Mental Disorders, Grief, Humans, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Violence, Caregivers

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Predictors of Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

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