The impact of midpoint responses and reverse coding on survey data
Abstract
Counselors conducting survey research have many item format options to contemplate. This study examined midpoint selection and the effect on reliability of (a) including or excluding midpoint options and (b) using both positively and negatively worded items. Findings indicate that reliability can be affected by both midpoint options and reverse coding.
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Use of midpoint responses negatively impacts score reliability.
“the use of midpoint responses negatively impacts score reliability [79].”
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- Authors
- Weems, G. H., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Memphis (US)
- Howard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weems, Gail H.
- Venue
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-10-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 166-176
- ISSN
- 0748-1756 (ISSN-L)
- 1947-6302
- OpenAlex
- W1634025776
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Keywords
- reliability statistics, survey data quality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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