Cited by 1,428HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsMedication Adherence and ComplianceHIV/AIDS drug development and treatment

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Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments

Chesney, M. A., Ickovics, J. R., Chambers, D. B., Gifford, A. L., Neidig, J., Zwickl, B., Wu, A. W., PATIENT CARE COMMITTEE & ADHERENCE·2000·AIDS Care

DOI 10.1080/09540120050042891

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Abstract

This paper describes the AACTG Adherence Instruments, which are comprised of two self-report questionnaires for use in clinical trials conducted by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). The questionnaires were administered to 75 patients at ten AACTG sites in the USA. All patients were taking combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), including at least one protease inhibitor. Eleven per cent of patients reported missing at least one dose the day before the interview, and 17% reported missing at least one dose during the two days prior. The most common reasons for missing medications included 'simply forgot' (66%) and a number of factors often associated with improved health, including being busy (53%), away from home (57%) and changes in routine (51%). Less adherent patients reported lower adherence self-efficacy (p = 0.006) and were less sure of the link between non-adherence and the development of drug resistance (p = 0.009). They were also more likely to consume alcohol, to be employed outside the home for pay and to have enrolled in clinical trials to gain access to drugs (all p < 0.05). Twenty-two per cent of patients taking drugs requiring special instructions were unaware of these instructions. Each questionnaire took approximately ten minutes to complete. Responses to the questionnaires were favourable. These questionnaires have been included in six AACTG clinical trials to date and have been widely disseminated to investigators both in the USA and abroad.

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Men’s serostatus disclosure to parents: Associations among social support, ethnicity, and disease status in men living with HIV
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“– In addition to the assessment of adherence during the clinic-follow-up based on visual analogue scale, pill identification test and pill count [44], we assess self-reported adherence using a scale, validated in another African country context, designed to limit both recall and social desirability bias [45-48].”
Method
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Use of the FITT framework to understand patients’ experiences using a real-time medication monitoring pill bottle linked to a mobile-based HIV self-management app: A qualitative study
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Relationship of Medication Management Test-Revised (MMT-R) Performance to Neuropsychological Functioning and Antiretroviral Adherence in Adults with HIV
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Side effect and disease related symptom representations among HIV+ adults on antiretroviral therapy
Johnson, M., & Folkman, S. (2004) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500410001670672 · Cited by 35
“The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) self-report adherence measure was used to assess pills and doses skipped in the last 3 days for each HAART medication (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Clinical Significance of Hyperbilirubinemia Among HIV-1–Infected Patients Treated with Atazanavir/Ritonavir Through 96 Weeks in the CASTLE Study
McDonald, C., Uy, J. P., Hu, W., Wirtz, V., Juethner, S., Butcher, D. L., McGrath, D., Farajallah, A., & Moyle, G. J. (2012) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2011.0092 · Cited by 35
The Combination of Pill Count and Self-Reported Adherence is a Strong Predictor of First-Line ART Failure for Adults in South Africa
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“The possible factors that were considered to have an association with VF were included in the model [9, 35].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Childhood sexual abuse and depression in Latino men who have sex with men: Does resilience protect against nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy?
Sauceda, J. A., Wiebe, J. S., & Simoni, J. M. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314546341 · Cited by 35
“that normalizes adherence difficulties prefaced the administration of the VAS (Chesney et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychosocial predictors of non-adherence to chronic medication: systematic review of longitudinal studies
Zwikker, H. E., van den Bemt, B. J. F., Vriezekolk, J. E., van den Ende, C. H. M., & van Dulmen, S. (2014) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s47290 · Cited by 34
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Gender differences among HIV-positive methadone maintenance patients enrolled in a medication adherence trial
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“(adapted from Chesney et al., 2000) is a self-report of patient’s adherence yesterday and the past 2 /4 days for each medication in their current regimen.”
Background
Analgesic Adherence Measurement in Cancer Patients: Comparison Between Electronic Monitoring and Diary
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HERMITAGE —a randomized controlled trial to reduce sexually transmitted infections and HIV risk behaviors among HIV ‐infected Russian drinkers
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Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Plasma HIV RNA Suppression Among AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study Participants
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Self-citation
Oxytocin, Social Support, and Sleep Quality in Low-Income Minority Women Living With HIV
Fekete, E. M., Seay, J., Antoni, M. H., Mendez, A. J., FLETCHER, M. A., Szeto, A., & Schneiderman, N. (2013) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.791297 · Cited by 33
“Number of months post-HIV diagnosis was measured through self-report, and medication adherence was also measured via self-report using the Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group Adherence to Combination Therapy Guide (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Depressive Symptoms, Lifestyle Structure, and ART Adherence Among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis
Magidson, J. F., Blashill, A. J., Safren, S. A., & Wagner, G. J. (2014) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0802-3 · Cited by 33
Outcomes by Sex Following Treatment Initiation With Atazanavir Plus Ritonavir or Efavirenz With Abacavir/Lamivudine or Tenofovir/Emtricitabine
Smith, K. Y., Tierney, C., Mollan, K. R., Venuto, C. S., Budhathoki, C., Ma, Q., Morse, G. D., Sax, P., Katzenstein, D. A., Godfrey, C., et al. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit747 · Cited by 33
“to men on ATV/r based upon a validated self-report questionnaire [16].”
Method
Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Transgender Women Receiving HIV Medical Care in the United States
Mizuno, Y., Beer, L., Huang, P., & Frazier, E. L. (2017) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2017.0003 · Cited by 34
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“…(1) caregiver three-day recall using a modified version of the selfreport questionnaire developed by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) (Chesney et al., 2000; Duong et al., 2001); (2) child three-day recall; and (3) pharmacybased time-to-refill of ART (Ernesto et al., 2012;…”
Method
Assessing adherence to antiretroviral therapy in randomized HIV clinical trials: a review of currently used methods
Marcellin, F., Spire, B., Carrieri, M., & Roux, P. (2013) · Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/eri.13.8 · Cited by 34
Is Forced Migration a Barrier to Treatment Success? Similar HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Refugees and a Surrounding Host Community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mendelsohn, J., Schilperoord, M., Spiegel, P., Balasundaram, S., Radhakrishnan, A., Lee, C. K. C., Larke, N., Grant, A., Sondorp, E., & Ross, D. (2013) · Aids and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0494-0 · Cited by 35
“Key self-reported adherence measures included a retrospective four-day dose-by-dose recall [10] and a retrospective one-month general recall measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) [11].”
Affective and behavioural reactions to positive and negative health-related social control in HIV+men
Fekete, E. M., Geaghan, T. R., & Druley, J. A. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440801894674 · Cited by 33
“Items for this scale were adapted from the General Health Behaviours measure developed by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG; Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
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CNS effects of a CCR5 inhibitor in HIV-infected subjects: a pharmacokinetic and cerebral metabolite study
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HIV Provider Documentation and Actions Following Patient Reports of At-risk Behaviors and Conditions When Identified by a Web-Based Point-of-Care Assessment
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“Self-report adherence was measured with the AIDS Clinical Trial Group Adherence Interview Questionnaire (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
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Mohr, D. C., Montague, E. N. H., Stiles‐Shields, C., Kaiser, S. M., Brenner, C. J., Palac, H., Carty-Fickes, E., & Duffecy, J. (2015) · EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology · doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2015.259042 · Cited by 32
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“The most cited reasons for nonadherence were forgetfulness and being away from home as documented also in other studies.(14,21,32,33) In other studies, forgetfulness has being linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and consequently to nonadherence to ART.”
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Information–motivation–behavioral skills barriers associated with intentional versus unintentional ARV non-adherence behavior among HIV+ patients in clinical care
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“For the current analysis, we opted to use participants’ self-reports on the VAS rather than the modified three-day AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) adherence measure (Chesney et al, 2000 ), in order to assess adherence rates over a longer period of time.”
Method
Social Support and Adherence: Differences Among Clients in an AIDS Day Health Care Program
Gardenier, D., Andrews, C. M., Thomas, D., Bookhardt-Murray, L. J., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2009) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2009.06.007 · Cited by 31
“Participants reviewed and corrected chartextracted background data and completed the Social Provision Scale (SPS) (Cutrona & Russell, 1987) and the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) adherence follow-up instrument (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Recent cigarette smoking and HIV disease progression: no evidence of an association
Kabali, C., Cheng, D. M., Brooks, D. R., Bridden, C. L., Horsburgh, C. R., & Samet, J. H. (2011) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.542128 · Cited by 32
“ART adherence was measured using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group criteria (Chesney et al., 2000) and defined as a self-report of 100% adherent in the past three days (Samet, Horton, Meli, Freedberg, & Palepu, 2004).”
Method
Knowledge, Stigma, and Behavioral Outcomes among Antiretroviral Therapy Patients Exposed to Nalamdana's Radio and Theater Program in Tamil Nadu, India
Nambiar, D., Ramakrishnan, V., Kumar, P., Varma, R., Balaji, N., Rajendran, J., Jhona, L., Chandrasekar, C., & Gere, D. (2011) · AIDS Education and Prevention · doi:10.1521/aeap.2011.23.4.351 · Cited by 32
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Suleiman, I. A., & Momo, A. (2016) · Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2016.01.631 · Cited by 32
“The response of missed doses from “too many drugs to take” reinforced results from other studies that have reported HIV medication as an extremely complicated process that requires numerous doses of medication.(33) Studies have also shown that the higher the pill burden, the lower the adherence.”
Result
Adverse Drug Reactions and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study From Ethiopia
Bezabhe, W. M. M., Bereznicki, L., Chalmers, L., Gee, P. R., Kassie, D. M., Bimirew, M. A., & Peterson, G. M. (2015) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0295-7 · Cited by 31
“Similarly, time adherence was measured using the four-item Likert-type modified ACTG questionnaire [21].”
Method
Social support and clinical outcomes during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C
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“Medication-taking Adherence (defined by the following two variables) was assessed with a modified version of the Aids Clinical Trial Group Adherence Questionnaire at treatment weeks 4, 12, and 24 for this analysis(29):”
Method
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Mimiaga, M. J., Kuhns, L. M., Biello, K. B., Olson, J., Hoehnle, S., Santostefano, C. M., Hughto, J. M. W., Safi, H., Salhaney, P., Chen, D., et al. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5815-9 · Cited by 31
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Nonadherence is Associated with Lack of HIV-Related Knowledge
Dyrehave, C., Rasmussen, D. N., Hønge, B. L., Jespersen, S., Correia, F. G., Medina, C., Wejse, C. M., Rodkjær, L. Ø., & for the Bissau HIV Cohort Study Group (2015) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/2325957415599211 · Cited by 31
“Gender Male 125 (25) 29 (23) Female 369 (75) 94 (25) Age 18-25 26 (5) 5 (20) 26-44 312 (63) 81 (26) 45-64 142 (29) 35 (25) 6512 (2) 2 (17) Employed Yes 87 (18) 18 (21) No 406 (82) 105 (26) Working at home 117 (24) 31 (26) Received salary last month Yes 29 (6) 5 (17) No 465 (94) 118 (25) School Yes 337 (68) 80 (24) No…”
The importance of the patient–clinician relationship in adherence to antiretroviral medication
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Non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among HIV infected adults in Mon State of Myanmar
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“It is a self-reported ART measure that is simple to use and has been most extensively used [25].”
Method
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Peltzer, K., Preez, N. F.-D., Ramlagan, S., Fomundam, H., & Anderson, J. (2010) · African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines · doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v7i2.50871 · Cited by 31
“The instrument also assesses reasons for non-adherence (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Background
Utility of the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) to Predict Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Medication Regimens Among HIV-Positive Men and Women
Cruess, D. G., Minor, S., Antoni, M. H., & Millon, T. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701629805 · Cited by 31
“The validity of the MATI has been established through its association with Medication Event Monitoring System electronic pill monitoring systems and self-reported Adherence to Combination Therapy Guide (Chesney et al., 2000) scores in HAART-treated HIV-infected persons (Llabre et al., 2006).”
Method
Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection: Swedish recommendations 2007
Josephson, F., Albert, J., Flamholc, L., Gisslén, M., Karlström, O., Lindgren, S.-R., Navér, L., Sandström, E., Svedhem, V., Svennerholm, B., et al. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/00365540701383154 · Cited by 31
Self-reported zidovudine adherence among pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus infection in four US states
Wilson, T. E., Ickovics, J. R., Fernandez, M. I., Koenig, L. J., & Walter, E. B. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.114032 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Negative associations between general self-efficacy and anxiety/depression among newly HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in Beijing, China
Wang, N., Wang, S., Qian, H.-Z., Ruan, Y., Amico, K. R., Vermund, S. H., Yin, L., Qiu, X., & Zheng, S. (2019) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2018.1549721 · Cited by 30
“Effective support and treatment for depression and anxiety may also improve medication adherence (Chesney et al., 2000) and self-care more generally.”
Background
Emotional Support and Affect: Associations with Health Behaviors and Active Coping Efforts in Men Living with HIV
Deichert, N. T., Fekete, E. M., Boarts, J. M., Druley, J. A., & Delahanty, D. L. (2007) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9214-y · Cited by 30
“Items for this scale were adapted from the General Health Behaviors measure developed by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group [AACTG] (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Motivational interviewing or reminders for glaucoma medication adherence: Results of a multi-site randomised controlled trial
Cook, P. F., Schmiege, S. J., Mansberger, S. L., Sheppler, C. R., Kammer, J. A., Fitzgerald, T., & Kahook, M. Y. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1244537 · Cited by 30
“Studies in other chronic diseases have found three-day recall to be valid based on detection of nonadherence and correlations with known adherence predictors, physiological measures and electronic monitoring (Chesney et al., 2000; Mathews et al., 2004).”
Background
Prevalence and Correlates of Use of Safer Conception Methods in a Prospective Cohort of Ugandan HIV-Affected Couples with Fertility Intentions
Wagner, G. J., Linnemayr, S., Goggin, K., Mindry, D. L., Beyeza‐Kashesya, J., Finocchario‐Kessler, S., Robinson, E., Birungi, J., & Wanyenze, R. K. (2017) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1732-7 · Cited by 30
“Social support was measured with a single item from the ACTG assessment battery [29]; respondents rated their agreement with the statement, ‘‘I can count on my family and friends to give me the support I need’’ using a scale of 1 ‘strongly disagree’ to 5 ‘strongly agree’.”
Method
Protective effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality of French HIV-HCV co-infected patients
Carrieri, P., Protopopescu, C., Marcellin, F., Rosellini, S., Wittkop, L., Esterle, L., Zucman, D., Raffi, F., Rosenthal, É., Poizot‐Martin, I., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.005 · Cited by 30
Healthcare Transition Outcomes Among Young Adults With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States
Tassiopoulos, K., Huo, Y., Patel, K., Kacanek, D., Allison, S. M., Siminski, S. M., Nichols, S., Mellins, C. A., (PHACS), P. H. C. S., Yogev, R., et al. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz747 · Cited by 33
Satisfaction with care in HIV-infected patients treated with long-term follow-up antiretroviral therapy: the role of social vulnerability
Préau, M., Protopopescu, C., Raffi, F., Rey, D., Chêne, G., Marcellin, F., Perronne, C., Ragnaud, J. M., Leport, C., Spire, B., et al. (2011) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.613909 · Cited by 30
To tell or not to tell: Why people with HIV share or don't share with their physicians whether they are taking their medications as prescribed
Kremer, H., & Ironson, G. H. (2006) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120600766020 · Cited by 30
“Although these are consistent with other reports (Chesney et al., 2000; Gallant & Block, 1998; Golin et al., 2002; Walsh et al., 2001), as we note above, patients often don’t disclose their physicians why they are missing doses*how then can the physician encourage the patient to communicate this…”
BackgroundResult
Cervical Cancer Screening Adherence among HIV-Positive Female Smokers from a Comprehensive HIV Clinic
Fletcher, F. E., Vidrine, D. J., Tamí‐Maury, I., Danysh, H. E., King, R. M., Buchberg, M. K., Arduino, R. C., & Gritz, E. R. (2013) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0480-6 · Cited by 33
The impact of visa status and Medicare eligibility on people diagnosed with HIV in Western Australia: a qualitative report
Herrmann, S., Wardrop, J., John, M., Gaudieri, S., Lucas, M., Mallal, S. A., & Nolan, D. A. (2012) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh11181 · Cited by 30
An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Antiretroviral General Adherence Scale (AGAS) in Two Samples of HIV-Infected Individuals
Holstad, M. M., Foster, V., DiIorio, C. K., McCarty, F., & Teplinskiy, I. (2009) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2009.08.002 · Cited by 30
“Although they have established validity (Chesney et al., 2000), the instruments have some limitations.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Perceived Stress and Norepinephrine Predict the Effectiveness of Response to Protease Inhibitors in HIV
Ironson, G. H., Balbin, E., Stieren, E. S., Detz, K., FLETCHER, M. A., Schneiderman, N., & Kumar, M. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802219606 · Cited by 31
“Adherence was measured by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group questionnaire (ACTG: Chesney et al., 2000), which asks about medications prescribed and missed doses.”
Method
Preliminary support for the construct of health care empowerment in the context of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus
Johnson, M. O., Sevelius, Dilworth, Saberi, & Neilands (2012) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s30040 · Cited by 30
Patient-Level Medication Regimen Complexity in Patients With HIV
Metz, K. R., Fish, D. N., Hosokawa, P. W., Hirsch, J. D., & Libby, A. M. (2014) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028014539642 · Cited by 30
“”(10) Thus, patient-level medication regimen complexity has special importance to the HIV-infected patient because strict adherence to cART therapies is considered critical to clinical effectiveness.(6,11,12) We sought to assess patient-level medication regimen complexity for patients with treated HIV as a surrogate m…”
Background
100% Adherence Study: Educational Workshops vs. Video Sessions to Improve Adherence Among ART-Naïve Patients in Salvador, Brazil
Sampaio-Sa, M., Page, K. A., Bangsberg, D. R., Evans, J. L., Dourado, M. D. L., Teixeira, C., Netto, E. M., & Brites, C. R. (2008) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9414-0 · Cited by 30
“The AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) adherence questionnaires (Chesney et al. 2000) were adapted for use after translation and piloting in our clinical population.”
The HIV/AIDS treatment adherence, health outcomes, and cost study: conceptual foundations and overview
Adherence, H. H. A. T. (2004) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120412331315312 · Cited by 30
A prospective, observational cohort study to elicit adverse effects of antiretroviral agents in a remote resource-restricted tribal population of Chhattisgarh
Singh, H., Dulhani, N., Tiwari, P., Singh, P. K., & Sinha, T. (2009) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/0253-7613.58512 · Cited by 29
Exposições ocupacionais por fluidos corpóreos entre trabalhadores da saúde e sua adesão à quimioprofilaxia
de Almeida, C. A. F., & Benatti, M. C. C. (2007) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/s0080-62342007000100016 · Cited by 29
Thrive With Me: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test a Peer Support Intervention to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Horvath, K. J., Amico, K. R., Erickson, D. J., Ecklund, A. M., Martinka, A., DeWitt, J., McLaughlin, J., & Parsons, J. T. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/10182 · Cited by 29
“Next, items adapted from Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group [34] and from a more recent study by Wilson and colleagues assessing the validity of an ART adherence scale [35] are used to assess aspects of self-reported ART adherence.”
Method
Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment among human immunodeficiency virus infected young adults attending care at Letaba Hospital HIV Clinic, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Mabunda, K., Ngamasana, E. L., Babalola, J. O., Zunza, M., & Nyasulu, P. S. (2019) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.32.37.17722 · Cited by 33
Relationship Education and HIV Prevention for Young Male Couples Administered Online via Videoconference: Protocol for a National Randomized Controlled Trial of 2GETHER
Newcomb, M. E., Sarno, E. L., Bettin, E., Carey, J., Ciolino, J. D., Hill, R., Garcia, C. P., Macapagal, K. R., Mustanski, B. S., Swann, G., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/15883 · Cited by 29
“undetectable) [65] ARTc adherence and viral suppression”
The efficacy of Structural Ecosystems Therapy for HIV medication adherence with African American women.
Feaster, D. J., Brincks, A. M., Mitrani, V. B., Prado, G. J., Schwartz, S. J., & Szapocznik, J. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017954 · Cited by 29
“Medication Adherence—Adherence was measured using the AIDS Clinical Trial Group Adherence Interview Questionnaire (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Aging With HIV in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment
Nideröst, S., & Imhof, C. (2016) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721416636300 · Cited by 29
Life Lessons from Women with HIV: Mutuality, Self-Awareness, and Self-Efficacy
Brody, L. R., Jack, D. C., Bruck-Segal, D., Ruffing, E. G., Firpo-Perretti, Y. M., Dale, S. K., Weber, K. M., & Cohen, M. H. (2016) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2016.0031 · Cited by 29
Evaluation of self-report adherence measures and their associations with detectable viral load among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China
Da, W., Li, X., Qiao, S., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203032 · Cited by 32
Desenvolvimento de uma escala de auto-eficácia para adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral
Leite, J. C. D. C., Drachler, M. D. L., Centeno, M. O., Pinheiro, C. A. T., & da Silveira, V. L. (2002) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1590/s0102-79722002000100014 · Cited by 30
Predictors of substance use frequency and reductions in seriousness of use among persons living with HIV
Lightfoot, M. A., Rogers, T., Goldstein, R. B., Rotheram‐Borus, M. J., May, S. J., Kirshenbaum, S. B., Weinhardt, L. S., Zadoretzky, C., Kittel, L., Johnson, M. O., et al. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.009 · Cited by 29
A Qualitative Study of Literacy and Patient Response to HIV Medication Adherence Questionnaires
Wolf, M. S., Bennett, C. L., Davis, T. C., Marin, E., & Arnold, C. L. (2005) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730500228631 · Cited by 29
“…fact that only a few of the available instruments have documented validity and reliability testing, and none were evaluated specifically among patients with lower educational attainment or limited literacy skills (Chesney et al., 2000; Collier et al., 1996; Duong et al., 2001; Eldred et al., 1998).”
Background
Factors that Influence the Medication Decision Making of Persons with HIV/AIDS: A Taxonomic Exploration
Russell, C. K., Bunting, S. M., Graney, M. J., Hartig, M. T., Kisner, P., & Brown, B. (2003) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1177/1055329003255114 · Cited by 29
“One study found that 72% of patients took their medicine 80% of the time (Laurence, 2001), whereas a survey of 76 patients in an AIDS clinical trial group found that 18% of participants had missed doses in the last 2 days and 36% had missed doses in the last 2 weeks (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Background
Factores predictores de no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad*
Martín, V., de Leóng, E. G. D. T. S. A. A. T. E. L. P., Ortega-Valín, L., Pérez-Simón, M. R., Mostaza-Fernández, J. L., de Urbina‐González, J. J. O., Rodríguez-María, M., Carro-Fernández, J. A., Cuevas-González, M. J., & Alcoba-Leza, M. (2002) · Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0213-005x(02)72851-6 · Cited by 29
Adherence to PEG /ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C: prevalence, patterns, and predictors of missed doses and nonpersistence
Evon, D. M., Esserman, D. A., Bonner, J. E., Rao, T., Fried, M. W., & Golin, C. E. (2013) · Journal of Viral Hepatitis · doi:10.1111/jvh.12079 · Cited by 28
Opening the door on entry inhibitors in HIV: Redefining the use of entry inhibitors in heavily treatment experienced and treatment‐limited individuals living with HIV
Orkin, C. M., Cahn, P. E., Castagna, A., Emu, B., Harrigan, P. R., Kuritzkes, D. R., Nelson, M. R., & Schapiro, J. (2022) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.13288 · Cited by 28
Gender Differences in Determinants of Condom Use Among HIV Clients in Uganda
Walusaga, H., Kyohangirwe, R., & Wagner, G. J. (2012) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0208 · Cited by 28
Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Brazilian HIV-Infected Patients
Garcia, R., Badaró, R. J. D. S., Netto, E. M., Silva, M. V. D. S., Amorin, F. S., Ramos, A. I. N., Vaida, F., Brites, C. R., & Schooley, R. T. (2006) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.1248 · Cited by 28
Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral medications in a sample of HIV-positive African American drug users
Harzke, A. J., Williams, M. L., Schönnesson, L. N., Ross, M. W., Timpson, S. C., & Keel, K. B. (2004) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120410001683394 · Cited by 28
The ABCs of Trait Anger, Psychological Distress, and Disease Severity in HIV
McIntosh, R. C., Hurwitz, B. E., Antoni, M. H., Gonzalez, A., Seay, J., & Schneiderman, N. (2014) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9667-y · Cited by 28
“This self-report retrospective measure is commonly used in the HIV literature (54).”
Method
Development of a culturally appropriate computer-delivered tailored internet-based health literacy intervention for spanish-dominant hispanics living with HIV
Jacobs, R. J., Caballero, J., Ownby, R. L., & Kane, M. N. (2014) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-014-0103-9 · Cited by 28
An Ecosystem-Based Intervention to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk and Increase Medication Adherence Among Inmates Being Released to the Community
Reznick, O. G., McCartney, K., Gregorich, S. E., Zack, B., & Feaster, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Correctional Health Care · doi:10.1177/1078345813486442 · Cited by 27
“…participants were asked to name their currently prescribed antiretroviral medications, the prescribed dosing schedule, and the number of doses they actually took during each of the prior 3 days using a modified version of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group questionnaire (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health MPH Capstone Project
Gebo, K. A. (2005) · Cited by 28
Effects of Sleep Health on Cognitive Function in HIV+ and HIV– Adults
Mahmood, Z., Hammond, A., Núñez, R. A., Irwin, M. R., & Thames, A. D. (2018) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617718000607 · Cited by 28
“The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG; Chesney et al., 2000) Adherence Baseline Questionnaire was also administered and current depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-2, with the sleep item excluded from the total score [BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996]).”
Method
Outpatient pharmacy care and HIV viral load response among patients on HAART
Castillo, E., Palepu, A., Beardsell, A., Akagi, L., Yip, B., Montaner, J. S. G., & Hogg, R. S. (2004) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120410001683385 · Cited by 28
Level of suboptimal adherence to first line antiretroviral treatment & its determinants among HIV positive people in India.
Joshi, B. N., Chauhan, S., Pasi, A. R., Kulkarni, R. N., Sunil, N., Bachani, D., & Mankeshwar, R. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 27
Relationship quality among HIV patients and their caregivers
Miller, I. W., Bishop, D. S., Herman, D. S., & Stein, M. D. (2006) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120600624278 · Cited by 27
“To maximise recall and minimise potential bias, we assessed the patients adherence to HIV treatment over the past four days (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Method
Defining a Cutoff for Atazanavir in Hair Samples Associated With Virological Failure Among Adolescents Failing Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment
Chawana, T. D., Gandhi, M., Nathoo, K., Ngara, B., Louie, A., Horng, H., Katzenstein, D. A., Metcalfe, J. Z., Nhachi, C. F. B., & Adolescent Treatment Failure (ATF) study team (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001452 · Cited by 27
A qualitative study of patients’ experience of recovery after a distal femoral fracture
Phelps, E. E., Tutton, E., Griffin, X. L., & Baird, J. (2019) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2019.07.021 · Cited by 27
“Low levels of self-efficacy are associated with less optimal health behaviours such as poorer adherence to medicine[19, 20], unhealthy food intake [21] and poorer vaccine uptake [22].”
Background
Optimizing the Analysis of Adherence Interventions Using Logistic Generalized Estimating Equations
Huh, D., Flaherty, B. P., & Simoni, J. M. (2011) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9955-5 · Cited by 27
“Past three-day dose ARV adherence was assessed using a modified version of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group Instrument [20].”
Method
Stimulant Use and HIV Disease Management Among Men in Same-Sex Relationships
Carrico, A., Woolf-King, S., Neilands, T., Dilworth, S., & Johnson, M. O. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.025 · Cited by 21
Individual and contextual factors of influence on adherence to antiretrovirals among people attending public clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Hanif, H., Bastos, F. I., Malta, M., Bertoni, N., Surkan, P. J., WINCH, P. J., & Kerrigan, D. L. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-574 · Cited by 28
Intentional and unintentional nonadherence in patients prescribed HAART treatment regimens
Wroe, A., & Thomas, M. (2003) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/1354850310001604595 · Cited by 27
“It has also been reported that complicated and confusing pill regimens, together with busy and inconsistent daily lifestyles are common reasons for missing treatment doses (Chesney et al., 2000).”
Background
Associations among correlates of schedule adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): A path analysis of a sample of crack cocaine using sexually active African–Americans with HIV infection
Atkinson, J. S., Schönnesson, L. N., Williams, M. L., & Timpson, S. C. (2008) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120701506788 · Cited by 27
“It has been associated with adherence in studies by Catz et al. (2000); Chesney et al. (2000); Gifford et al. (2000); Molassiotis et al. (2002); Godin et al. (2005); and Nilsson Schönnesson et al. (2006).”
Result
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, India
Saha, I., Saha, I., Sarkar, A., Das, D., Misra, R., Bhattacharya, K., Roy, R., & Bhattacharya, A. (2014) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.11622/smedj.2014021 · Cited by 27
Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with increased risk of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; a prospective cohort study
for the CHARTER Group, Hammond, E. R., Crum, R. M., Treisman, G. J., Mehta, S. H., Clifford, D. B., Ellis, R. J., Gelman, B. B., Grant, I., Letendre, S. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0416-1 · Cited by 27
“…RNA levels, cognitive impairment assessed by the Global Deficit Score (GDS) (Carey et al. 2004), a summary measure of the standardized comprehensive neurocognitive assessment, and medication adherence assessed by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 4-Day Adherence Questionnaire (Chesney et al. 2000).”
Influential

Authors: Chesney, M. A., Ickovics, J. R., Chambers, D. B., Gifford, A. L., Neidig, J., Zwickl, B., Wu, A. W., & PATIENT CARE COMMITTEE & ADHERENCE
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Yale University (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Chesney, M. A.
Ickovics, J. R.
Gifford, A. L.
Wu, A. W.
Venue: AIDS Care
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2000-06
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 255-266
ISSN: 0954-0121 (ISSN-L)
1360-0451
DOI: 10.1080/09540120050042891
OpenAlex: W2088423598
Cited by: 1,428
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 74
FWCI: 27.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: AIDS Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH42459, P30MH059037, P50MH042459, P30-MH 59037)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI-38858, U01AI038858)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
Keywords: antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV, self-report questionnaire, medication non-adherence, adherence self-efficacy, alcohol consumption, protease inhibitors, clinical trial participants, questionnaire development
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, HIV Infections, Anti-HIV Agents, Substance-Related Disorders

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Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments

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