Central obesity and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review of intervention trials
Open accessAbstract
Central obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and is a risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome. The Mediterranean diet pattern has a convincing evidence-base for improving cardiometabolic health. This review investigated the impact of Mediterranean diet interventions on central obesity, specifically. A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. Search terms included: 'Mediterranean Diet', 'Mediterranean dietary pattern', 'central obesity' and 'visceral fat'. The search was limited to English language and humans ≥18 years. Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria and reported at least one outcome measure of central obesity with Mediterranean diet intervention. Central obesity measures included waist circumference (16 studies), waist-hip ratio (5 studies) and visceral fat (2 studies). Thirteen (72%) of the studies, totaling 7186 subjects (5168 subjects assigned to a Mediterranean Diet), reported a significant reduction in central obesity with a Mediterranean-type diet. However, seven out of these 13 interventions employed energy restriction, and only three showed a statistically significant favorable effect of the Mediterranean diet relative to a control group. This systematic review highlights the potential for a Mediterranean diet intervention to reduce central obesity and in turn reduce obesity-related chronic disease risk and associated public health burden.
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A systematic review of 18 interventional trials concluded that the Mediterranean diet could diminish abdominal adiposity as evidenced by reduction in waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, or visceral fat.
“The analysis of 18 interventional trials (7186 total subjects and 5168 subjects assigned to MD) concluded that MD could diminish abdominal adiposity as evidenced by reduction in WC, waist-hip ratio, or visceral fat [37].”
From Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Specifically, adherence to a MedDiet is inversely associated with central obesity in epidemiological studies and is associated with weight loss, with or without caloric restriction, in dietary intervention studies (35,36) .”
- Authors
- Bendall, C. L., Mayr, H. L., Opie, R. S., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Itsiopoulos, C., & Thomas, C. J.
- Affiliations
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, C. J.
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-10-17
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 3070-3084
- ISSN
- 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-7852
- OpenAlex
- W2765193372
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, abdominal obesity, visceral fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, caloric restriction, dietary intervention, cardiometabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, MEDLINE, Caloric Restriction, Diet, Mediterranean, Waist-Hip Ratio, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Overweight, Waist Circumference, Obesity, Abdominal
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