Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review
Open accessAbstract
The search for a quality diet has grown over the past decade. Diet is considered one of the pillars for the prevention and progression of several diseases, among them: diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic of western countries that increases the vulnerability of other diseases, such as cardiovascular and cancer. T2D is associated with lifestyle and diet. The traditional Mediterranean diet has proven its benefits over several cardiovascular risk factors, and specifically on diabetes. This review compiles recent published evidence on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its relation with several other cardiovascular healthy diets. We will also focus on how the Mediterranean diet could play a role in T2D-related mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds, glucagon-like peptide agonist compounds, and changes in gut microbiota. Each component of the Mediterranean diet could be involved in processes related to diabetes homeostasis, many of them sharing common physio-pathological pathways. The importance of this diet within the set of habits of a healthy lifestyle must be emphasized.
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In patients with type 2 diabetes, the Mediterranean diet can beneficially affect glycemic control and cardiovascular risk.
“In patients with type 2 diabetes, MD can beneficially affect glycemic control and cardiovascular risk [54, 55].”
From Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
Increased monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced saturated fatty acids in the diet have been associated with increased insulin sensitivity and improved beta cell function.
“Increased monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced saturated fatty acids in the diet have been associated with increased insulin sensitivity and improved beta cell function [26,27].”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Because the Mediterranean diet is rich in dietary fiber, fermentation of this fiber leads to formation of short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate GLP1 expression.
“As MD is rich in dietary fiber, and the fermentation of this fiber leads to the formation of SCFAs, these then, in turn, stimulate GLP1 expression [26].”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Unlike the Mediterranean diet, for which long-term efficacy and safety have been observed, low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate diets lack data on long-term safety, adherence, and efficacy.
“Unlike other dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet for which long-term efficacy and safety have been observed [95, 96], low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate diets lack data on long-term safety, adherence, and efficacy [97].”
From Benefits of low carbohydrate diets: a settled question or still controversial? (2021) · cites this paper as [96]
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- Authors
- Martín-Peláez, S., Fito, M., & Castaner, O.
- Affiliations
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute [IMIM], 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-07-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2236
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7468821
- OpenAlex
- W3044725267
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 6.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00020, JR17/00022)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, disease progression, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, gut microbiota, cardiovascular risk factors, healthy lifestyle, diabetes pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Healthy, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Disease Progression, Diet, Mediterranean
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