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Cited by 73Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Towards a comprehensive theory of obesity and a healthy diet: The causal role of oxidative stress in food addiction and obesity

Tobore, Tobore Onojighofia·2020·Behavioural Brain Research
DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112560
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Abstract

Background Obesity is a major public health problem whose prevalence has been rapidly increasing in the United States (U.S), and globally. It is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths globally and contributes to the development of many diseases.Methods The search was limited to studies published in English and other languages involving both animal and human subjects. Articles selected included preclinical studies, randomized clinical trials RCTs, observational studies, meta-analyses, narrative and systemic reviews providing primary quantitative data with a measure of obesity or food addiction as an outcome. Over 5000 articles were found in the first round of search which was filtered to 506 articles.Results Oxidative stress plays a critical role in food addiction and is both a cause and mediator of obesity. Reactive oxygen species play a direct role in adipogenesis and oxidative stress modulates all factors involved in obesity including genetics, sleep, gut microbiome, insulin, ghrelin, inflammation, adipokines, leptin, stress, HPA axis, and the hypothalamus.Conclusions The idea of thinking of combating obesity from the lens of calorie count, low carbohydrate, high or low-fat, vegetarian, vegan, plant-based, or animal-based diet is fundamentally wrong. The best way to look at obesity is through the framework of systemic redox homeostasis. Since redox homeostasis is tilted towards increased reactive oxygen species production, and excessive antioxidant intake can result in oxidative stress, an antioxidant and prooxidant food ratio of 2:3 per meal is the ideal nutritional ratio for good health and ideal weight. A ratio of 3:4 is ideal for obese individuals because of their state of chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Physical activity, sleep quality, psychological stress, maternal prenatal diet and oxidative stress promoting disease conditions are important modulators of oxidative stress and obesity.

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  • Recent review articles have discussed highly processed foods, often high in glycemic index, as impacting neurohormonal and inflammatory signaling pathways in ways that create a vicious cycle of impulsivity, compulsivity, food addiction, and eating disorders.

    “Recent review articles have discussed highly processed foods (often high in glycemic index) as impacting neurohormonal and inflammatory signaling pathways in ways that create a vicious cycle of impulsivity, compulsivity, FA, and EDs [93,94,95].”

    From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [95]

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Authors
Tobore, T. O.
Corresponding author
Tobore, Tobore Onojighofia
ORCID
Tobore, Tobore Onojighofia
Venue
Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-04
Volume
384
Pages
112560
ISSN
0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112560
OpenAlex
W3008749930
Cited by
73
References
517
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
obesity, food addiction, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, antioxidant intake, adipogenesis, gut microbiota, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sleep quality, psychological stress, healthy eating
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Diet, Healthy, Food Addiction, Animals, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Insulin, Obesity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Exercise, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Adipogenesis, Adipokines, Ghrelin

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