Perceived effectiveness of cessation advertisements: the importance of audience reactions and practical implications for media campaign planning
Abstract
Cessation television ads are often evaluated with measures of perceived effectiveness (PE) that gauge smokers' reactions to the ads. Although measures of PE have been validated for other genres of public service announcements, no studies to our knowledge have demonstrated the predictive validity of PE for cessation TV ads specifically. We analyzed data from a longitudinal Web survey of smokers in the United States to assess whether measures of PE for cessation TV ads are causally antecedent to cessation-related outcomes. These data consisted of baseline and 2-week follow-up surveys of 3,411 smokers who were shown a number of cessation TV ads and were asked to provide their appraisals of PE for those messages. We found that baseline PE for the ads was associated with increased negative feelings about smoking, increased outcome expectations about the benefits of quitting, increased consideration of the benefits of quitting, increased desire to quit, and increased intentions to quit smoking at follow-up. Results suggest that measures of PE for cessation TV ads can be powerful predictors of likely ad success. Hence, our findings support the use of PE in quantitative ad pretesting as part of a standard regimen of formative research for cessation television campaigns.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Research has suggested that messages with higher perceived effectiveness ratings may be more effective than those with lower ratings.
“These findings are noteworthy, as research has suggested that messages with higher perceived effectiveness ratings may be more effective than those with lower ratings.82–84”
From Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies (2016) · cites this paper as [83]
Cites
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261 · see citing works
Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model
Witte, K. (1992) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759209376276 · Cited by 3,880 · see citing works
Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status.
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., & Brandenburg, N. A. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.5.1279 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Attitude toward the AD as a Mediator of Consumer Brand Choice
Shimp, T. A. (1981) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1981.10672756 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status.
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., et al. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1279 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
The Influence of Presumed Influence
Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02586.x · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Dillard, J. P., & Peck, E. Y. (2000) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365000027004003 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Affect and Persuasion Emotional Responses to Public Service Announcements
Dillard, J. P., & Peck, E. Y. (2000) · Communication Research · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Message Framing and the Interrelationships among Ad-Based Feelings, Affect, and Cognition
Homer, P. M., & Yoon, S.-G. (1992) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1992.10673357 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Dillard, J. P., Weber, K. M., & Vail, R. G. (2007) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00360.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Fishbein, M., Jamieson, K. H., Zimmer, E., von Haeften, I., & Nabi, R. L. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.2.238 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Does Perceived Message Effectiveness Cause Persuasion or Vice Versa? 17 Consistent Answers
Dillard, J. P., Shen, L., & Vail, R. G. (2007) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00308.x · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Wong, N. C. H., & Cappella, J. N. (2009) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909880802593928 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Biener, L. (2000) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.9.4.401 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Exploring Antismoking Ads: Appeals, Themes, and Consequences
Beaudoin, C. E. (2002) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730290088003 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Exploring differences in smokers' perceptions of the effectiveness of cessation media messages
Davis, K., Nonnemaker, J. M., Farrelly, M. C., & Niederdeppe, J. (2010) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2009.035568 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationFear, threat, and perceptions of efficacy from frightening skin cancer messages.
Stephenson, M. T., & Witte, K. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Impact of Smoking Cessation Aids and Mass Media Among Recent Quitters
Biener, L., Reimer, R. A., Wakefield, M. A., Szczypka, G., Rigotti, N. A., & Connolly, G. N. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.10.026 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Niederdeppe, J., Farrelly, M. C., Nonnemaker, J. M., Davis, K., & Wagner, L. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.025 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationStrasser, A. A., Cappella, J. N., Jepson, C., Fishbein, M., Tang, K. Z., Han, E., & Lerman, C. E. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntn026 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Current Major Depression Among Smokers Using a State Quitline
Hebert, K. K., Cummins, S. E., Hernández, S., Tedeschi, G. J., & Zhu, S. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.030 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Exploring African American Women's Perceptions of a Social Marketing Campaign to Promote HIV Testing
Davis, K., Uhrig, J. D., Bann, C., Rupert, D. J., & Fraze, J. L. (2011) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15245004.2011.595536 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies
Noar, S. M., Hall, M. G., Francis, D. B., Ribisl, K. M., Pepper, J. K., & Brewer, N. T. (2016) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Ardèvol-Abreu, A., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2017) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699016654684 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness: Validation of a Brief Scale
Baig, S. A., Noar, S. M., Gottfredson, N. C., Boynton, M. H., Ribisl, K. M., & Brewer, N. T. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay080 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Noar, S. M., Barker, J., Bell, T., & Yzer, M. C. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1547675 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Youth's Awareness of and Reactions to The Real Cost National Tobacco Public Education Campaign
Duke, J. C., Alexander, T. N., Zhao, X., Delahanty, J. C., Allen, J. A., MacMonegle, A. J., & Farrelly, M. C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144827 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationNoar, S. M., Francis, D. B., Bridges, C., Sontag, J. M., Brewer, N. T., & Ribisl, K. M. (2016) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699016674188 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Noar, S. M., Rohde, J. A., Prentice-Dunn, H., Kresovich, A., Hall, M. G., & Brewer, N. T. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106473 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Perceived Message Effectiveness Measures in Tobacco Education Campaigns: A Systematic Review
Noar, S., Bell, T., Kelley, D. E., Barker, J. O., & Yzer, M. C. (2018) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2018.1483017 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
How should sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings be designed? A randomized experiment
Grummon, A. H., Hall, M. G., Taillie, L. S., & Brewer, N. T. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.010 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Brennan, E., Durkin, S. J., Wakefield, M. A., & Kashima, Y. (2014) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050949 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Davis, K., Duke, J. C., Shafer, P. R., Patel, D., Rodes, R., & Beistle, D. M. (2016) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2016.1196413 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationA brief measure of reactance to health warnings
Hall, M. G., Sheeran, P., Noar, S. M., Ribisl, K. M., Boynton, M. H., & Brewer, N. T. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9821-z · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jin, Y., van der Meer, T. G. L. A., Lee, Y.-I., & Lu, X. (2020) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101910 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
O’Keefe, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqx009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
On the Conceptual Ambiguity Surrounding Perceived Message Effectiveness
Yzer, M. C., LoRusso, S. M., & Nagler, R. H. (2014) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.974131 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Alexander, T. N., Hoffman, L., Jones, C., Delahanty, J. C., Walker, M. W., Berger, A., & Talbert, E. C. (2016) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1233307 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Netemeyer, R. G., Burton, S., Andrews, J. C., & Kees, J. (2015) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.15.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Ardèvol‐Abreu, A., Hooker, C. M., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2017) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/1464884917700447 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Adult smokers’ receptivity to a television advert for electronic nicotine delivery systems
Kim, A. E., Lee, Y. O., Shafer, P. R., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Макаренко, О. С. (2013) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051130 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDuke, J. C., Allen, J. A., Eggers, M. E., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Farrelly, M. C. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv264 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: three US surveys
Brewer, N. T., Morgan, J. C., Baig, S. A., Sheldon, J. M., Boynton, M. H., Pepper, J. K., Byron, M., Noar, S. M., Agans, R., & Ribisl, K. M. (2016) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052897 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Duke, J. C., Farrelly, M. C., Alexander, T. N., MacMonegle, A. J., Zhao, X., Allen, J. A., Delahanty, J. C., Rao, P., & Nonnemaker, J. M. (2017) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117117720745 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of cancer warning statements on alcohol consumption intentions
Pettigrew, S., Jongenelis, M. I., Glance, D., Chikritzhs, T. N., Pratt, I., Slevin, T. J., Liang, W., & Wakefield, M. A. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv067 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Population-based evaluation of the‘LiveLighter’ healthy weight and lifestyle mass media campaign
Morley, B., Niven, P., Dixon, H., Swanson, M. G., Szybiak, M., Shilton, T., Pratt, I., Slevin, T. J., Hill, D., & Wakefield, M. A. (2016) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyw009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Hall, M. G., Grummon, A. H., Lazard, A. J., Maynard, O., & Taillie, L. S. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106120 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Zhao, X., & Peterson, E. B. (2016) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1250844 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Roditis, M. L., & Alexander, T. N. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.033 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
McAfee, T. A., Davis, K., Shafer, P. R., Patel, D., Alexander, R. L., & Bunnell, R. E. (2015) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052517 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Message and Effects Perceptions for The Real Cost E-Cigarette Prevention Ads
Rohde, J. A., Noar, S. M., Prentice-Dunn, H., Kresovich, A., & Hall, M. G. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1749353 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dixon, H., Scully, M. L., Durkin, S. J., Brennan, E., Cotter, T., Maloney, S., O'Hara, B. J., & Wakefield, M. A. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2159-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Smokers’ and E-Cigarette Users’ Perceptions about E-Cigarette Warning Statements
Wackowski, O. A., Hammond, D. G., O’Connor, R. J., Strasser, A. A., & Delnevo, C. D. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13070655 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reactions to graphic health warnings in the United States
Nonnemaker, J. M., Choinière, C. J., Farrelly, M. C., Kamyab, K., & Davis, K. (2014) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyu036 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationWyllie, J., Baxter, S. M., & Kulczynski, A. (2015) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2015.1018462 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Villanti, A. C., LePine, S. E., West, J. C., Cruz, T. B., Stevens, E. M., Tetreault, H. J., Unger, J. B., Wackowski, O. A., & Mays, D. M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106778 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Solnick, R. E., Chao, G. F., Ross, R. D., Kraft‐Todd, G., & Kocher, K. E. (2020) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14188 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gibson, L., Brennan, E., Momjian, A., Shapiro-Luft, D., Seitz, H. H., & Cappella, J. N. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv082 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Taillie, L. S., Hall, M. G., Gómez, L. F., Higgins, I. C. A., Bercholz, M., Murukutla, N., & Mora‐Plazas, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103124 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wakefield, M. A., Brennan, E., Dunstone, K., Durkin, S. J., Dixon, H., Pettigrew, S., & Slater, M. D. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014193 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Conversations about pictorial cigarette pack warnings: Theoretical mechanisms of influence
Morgan, J. C., Golden, S. D., Noar, S. M., Ribisl, K. M., Southwell, B. G., Jeong, M., Hall, M. G., & Brewer, N. T. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.063 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Baig, S. A., Noar, S., Gottfredson, N., Lazard, A. J., Ribisl, K., & Brewer, N. (2021) · Preventive medicine reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101434 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Message Pretesting Using Perceived Persuasiveness Measures: Reconsidering the Correlational Evidence
O’Keefe, D. J. (2019) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2019.1620711 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Delahanty, J. C., Duke, J. C., MacMonegle, A. J., Smith, A. A., Allen, J. A., & Nonnemaker, J. M. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1839202 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale for Youth
Noar, S. M., Gottfredson, N. C., Vereen, R. N., Kurtzman, R. T., Sheldon, J. M., Adams, E. T., Hall, M. G., & Brewer, N. T. (2021) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056929 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Research Issues and Needs at the Intersection of Advertising and Public Policy
Kees, J., & Andrews, J. C. (2019) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2019.1599747 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Baig, S. A., Noar, S., Gottfredson, N., Lazard, A. J., Ribisl, K., & Brewer, N. (2020) · Journal of behavioral medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-020-00163-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brennan, E., Durkin, S. J., Wakefield, M. A., & Kashima, Y. (2015) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2015.1039675 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
"Don't make my mistake": narrative fear appeals in health communication
Ooms, J. (2019) · doi:10.33612/diss.97042126 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Vaillancourt, C., Bédard, A., Bélanger‐Gravel, A., Provencher, V., Bégin, C., Desroches, S., & Lemieux, S. (2019) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Perceptions of U.S. and Canadian Cannabis Package Warnings Among U.S. Adults
Pepper, J. K., Lee, Y. O., Eggers, M. E., Allen, J. A., Thompson, J., & Nonnemaker, J. M. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108275 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationBringing “The Real Cost” to Life Through Breakthrough, Evidence-Based Advertising
Crosby, K., Santiago, S., Talbert, E. C., Roditis, M. L., & Resch, G. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Patterson, J. G., Keller-Hamilton, B. L., Wedel, A. V., Wagener, T. L., & Stevens, E. M. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109249 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Duke, J. C., Nonnemaker, J. M., Davis, K., Watson, K. A., & Farrelly, M. C. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.120920-quan-452 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationBrennan, E., Durkin, S. J., Wakefield, M. A., & Kashima, Y. (2016) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2016.1239301 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Krieger, J. W., Kwon, T., Ruiz, R., Walkinshaw, L. P., Yan, J., & Roberto, C. A. (2021) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306488 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Andrews, J. C., Choinière, C. J., & Portnoy, D. B. (2015) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.15.029 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Davis, K., & Duke, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqy045 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationOoms, J., Jansen, C., & Hoeks, J. C. J. (2019) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896919867436 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ma, H., Gottfredson, N. C., Kieu, T. K.-T., Rohde, J. A., Hall, M. G., Brewer, N. T., & Noar, S. M. (2023) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2023.2222459 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Stalgaitis, C. A., Jordan, J. W., & Isaac, K. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2165411 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Perceived communication effectiveness in implementation strategies: a measurement scale
Zhao, X., Toronjo, H., Shaw, C. C., Murphy, A., & Taxman, F. S. (2022) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-022-00284-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Enhancing Aquatic Invasive Species Outreach Through Values-framed Messages
Golebie, E., & van Riper, C. J. (2022) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2022.2156574 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gender Differences in the Implicit and Explicit Perceptions of Sport
Sunderji, S., Murray, R. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2024) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-024-01499-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dixon, H., Murphy, M., Scully, M. L., Rose, M., & Cotter, T. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.008 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Framing Youth Vaping Prevention Messages: The Role of Uncertainty Tolerance
Cai, X., & Zhao, X. (2021) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1966181 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Antismoking Ads at the Point of Sale: The Influence of Ad Type and Context on Ad Reactions
Kim, A. E., Nonnemaker, J. M., Guillory, J. E., Shafer, P. R., Parvanta, S., Holloway, J. W., & Farrelly, M. C. (2017) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2017.1311970 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationKurtzman, R. T., Vereen, R. N., Sheldon, J. M., Adams, E. T., Hall, M. G., Brewer, N. T., Gottfredson, N. C., & Noar, S. M. (2022) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntac127 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Cai, X., & Malterud, A. S. (2023) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981221148965 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pepper, J. K., Nguyen, A. B., Eggers, M. E., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Portnoy, D. B. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa032 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationVillanti, A. C., Wackowski, O. A., LePine, S. E., West, J. C., Stevens, E. M., Unger, J. B., & Mays, D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114182 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Characteristics and effects of cannabis advertisements with appeal to youth in California
Padon, A. A., Ghahremani, D. G., Simard, B. J., Soroosh, A. J., & Silver, L. D. (2025) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104718 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Development and Pretesting of Hookah Tobacco Public Education Messages for Young Adults
Phan, L., Villanti, A. C., Leshner, G., Wagener, T. L., Stevens, E. M., Johnson, A. C., & Mays, D. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238752 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A randomised experimental study comparing perceptions of two energy drink health warning labels
Caruso, J., Miller, C. L., Turnbull, D. A., & Ettridge, K. A. (2022) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1002/hpja.655 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Merculieff, Z. T., Koller, K. R., Sinicrope, P. S., Hughes, C. A., Bock, M. J., Decker, P. A., Resnicow, K., Flanagan, C. A., Meade, C. D., McConnell, C. R., et al. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa253 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Stone, M. D., Dimofte, C. V., Strong, D. R., Villaseñor, A., Pulvers, K. M., Messer, K. S., & Pierce, J. P. (2020) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055520 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Evaluating Cigarette Pack Insert Messages with Tips to Quit
Loud, E. E., Lambert, V., Porticella, N., Niederdeppe, J., & Thrasher, J. F. (2021) · Tobacco Regulatory Science · doi:10.18001/trs.7.3.5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cognitive and affective responses to marijuana prevention and educational messaging
Leshner, G., Stevens, E. M., Cohn, A. M., Kim, S., Kim, N., Wagener, T. L., & Villanti, A. C. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108788 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Allen, J. A., Davis, K., Kamyab, K., & Farrelly, M. C. (2014) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyu067 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Warning Statements on Understanding of the Negative Health Consequences of Smoking
Pepper, J. K., Nguyen, A. B., Eggers, M. E., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Portnoy, D. B. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa031 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSex Differences in Graphic Warning Label Ratings by Addictions Clients
CAMPBELL, B. K., Le, T. L., Yip, D., Griffin, K. B., Gubner, N. R., & Guydish, J. R. (2018) · Tobacco Regulatory Science · doi:10.18001/trs.5.1.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
We’re All in This Together! Self-Construal Pride and Guilt Appeals in Health Advertising
Pounders, K. R., Kemp, D., & Bouchacourt, L. (2023) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2023.2248219 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Duong, C., Sung, B., Wang, X., & Chong, A. W. C. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107895 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Popova, L., & Li, Y. (2022) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981211068412 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jongenelis, M. I., Dixon, H., Scully, M. L., & Morley, B. (2022) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981221104727 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The effect of shopping channel (online vs. offline) on message framing of naturalness
Duong, C., Sung, B., Lee, S., & Easton, J. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2259 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kim, S. C., Zhao, X., Brophy, N. S., Walker, M. W., & Alexander, T. N. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab185 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mowery, A., Riedesel, P., Dreher, M., Schillo, B., & Saul, J. E. (2016) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1524500416628527 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lee, D. N., Stevens, E. M., Keller-Hamilton, B. L., Wedel, A. V., Wagener, T. L., & Patterson, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2059724 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Holbert, R. L., Hardy, B. W., Park, E., Robinson, N. W., Jung, H., Zeng, C., Drouin, E., & Sweeney, K. (2018) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2018.1459198 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stevens, E. M., Cohn, A. M., Villanti, A. C., Leshner, G., Wedel, A. V., & Wagener, T. L. (2019) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2019.80.415 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hall, M. G., Saffer, A. J., & Noar, S. M. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
PhenX: Environment measures for Tobacco Regulatory Research
Unger, J. B., Chaloupka, F. J., Vallone, D., Thrasher, J. F., Nettles, D. S., Hendershot, T. P., & Swan, G. E. (2020) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054469 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Parvanta, C. F., Hammond, R. W., He, W., Zemen, R., Boddupalli, S., Walker, K. K., Chen, H., & Harner, R. N. (2022) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2100016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Young, A. M., Sinicrope, P. S., Kelpin, S. S., Roche, A. I., Sabaque, C., Pham, C., Marsch, L. A., Campbell, A. N. C., Venner, K. L., Bastian, E., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171231205355 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mercincavage, M., Wackowski, O. A., Johnson, A. C., Young, W. J., Tan, A. S. L., Delnevo, C. D., Strasser, A. A., & Villanti, A. C. (2024) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108056 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Associations between perceived source credibility, e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette ad perceptions
Lee, D. N., Liu, J., Keller-Hamilton, B. L., Patterson, J. G., Wedel, A. V., Vázquez‐Otero, C., & Stevens, E. M. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101862 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Peterson, E., Oh, K. M., & Cai, X. (2019) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyz006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Testing the Validity of Campaign Ad Exposure Measures: A Family Planning Media Campaign in Pakistan
Beaudoin, C. E., Stephenson, M. T., & Agha, S. (2016) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1157655 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, J., Patterson, J. G., Keller-Hamilton, B. L., Lee, D. N., Chrzan, K., & Stevens, E. M. (2023) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/169739 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Steinberg, M. L., Rosen, R. L., Ganz, O., Wackowski, O. A., Jeong, M., & Delnevo, C. D. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107903 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dixon, H., Scully, M. L., Morley, B., & Wakefield, M. A. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980021002275 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Davis, K. C., Nonnemaker, J., Duke, J., & Farrelly, M. C.
- Affiliations
- RTI International (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Kevin C.
- Venue
- Health Communication
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-07-19
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 461-472
- ISSN
- 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7027
- OpenAlex
- W2167577481
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Communication (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, television advertising, perceived effectiveness, audience response, predictive validity, formative research, smoking cessation intentions, outcome expectations, smokers
- MeSH terms
- Advertising, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Persuasive Communication, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking Cessation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
