Chemical Composition, Leaf Trichome Types and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Four Related Salvia Species Indigenous to Southern Africa
Abstract
The essential oils from fresh aerial parts of four Salvia species indigenous to southern Africa were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences in oil composition were observed. Forty-three compounds in each species accounting for 78% (S. africana-caerulea), 78% (S. africanalutea), 96% (S. chamelaeagnea) and 81% (S. lanceolata) of the total composition were identified. Salvia africana-caerulea and S. lanceolata were dominated by oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (59% and 48%, respectively). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes dominated in S. chamelaeagnea (43%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons (36%) were abundant in S. africana-lutea. Scanning electron and light microscopy of the indumentum of the leaves revealed the presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Non-glandular point-shaped trichomes composed of two or three cells are common in all four species and two types of glandular trichomes were noted: peltate trichomes, with up to 16 head cells and a capitate type varying in the number of cells comprising the head and stalk. The oils were evaluated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains using the microdilution method and the MIC values ranged from 0.8 to 32 mg/mL. The oils exhibited antiplasmodial (5 < IC50 < 9 μg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (43 < IC50 < 77 μg/mL) activity as determined by the [3H]-hypoxanthine radiometric and 5-lipoxygenase methods, respectively. Compared to other naturally derived antiplasmodial compounds (e.g. quinine) the oils are more toxic to human kidney epithelium cells (MTT method) with the IC50 values ranging from 2-7 μg/mL. The oils exhibited poor antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical at 100 μg/mL.
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Some South African Salvia essential oils inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, and this activity is attributed to 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and β-caryophyllene.
“More examples of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors included some Salvia essential oils from South Africa. The authors attributed such activities to the presence of 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene in the essential oils [98].”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [98]
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review
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“The authors attributed such activities to the presence of 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and βcaryophyllene in the essential oils [98].”
Background
- Authors
- Kamatou, G. P. P., van Zyl, R. L., van Vuuren, S. F., Viljoen, A. M., Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G., Pedro, L. G., & Tilney, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
- Tshwane University of Technology (ZA)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannnesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Venue
- Journal of Essential Oil Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- sup1
- Pages
- 72-79
- ISSN
- 1041-2905 (ISSN-L)
- 2163-8152
- OpenAlex
- W2508689614
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Essential Oil Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Salvia, essential oils, chemical composition, leaf trichomes, glandular trichomes, non-glandular trichomes, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, antibacterial activity, antiplasmodial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity
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