Relationships between Flow, Self-Concept, Psychological Skills, and Performance
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine psychological factors of potential relevance to athletic flow experiences. A secondary purpose was to empirically examine the relationship between flow and optimal performance. Understanding factors that may be associated with flow will help to make this optimal mental state more accessible to researchers and practitioners. Self-concept and use of psychological skills were predicted to be related to self-reported flow states. Competitive athletes across three sports completed dispositional assessments of athletic self-concept, psychological skills, and flow. The athletes also completed a post-event flow assessment, as well as other questions relating to their performance, after a specified competitive event. Positive relationships were found between flow and aspects of self-concept, and the relationships between flow and psychological skills use were also in the expected directions. In addition, the predicted positive relationship between a post-event flow assessment and performance criteria was obtained. This study builds on earlier research that has investigated antecedents of flow, and contributes to the expanding knowledge base of psychological factors related to optimal experience and performance.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The experience of flow is associated with improved physical performance, including sport.
“The experience of flow is associated with improved physical performance (Csikszentmihalyi 2000), including sport (Jackson et al. 2001).”
From Warming Up Body and Mind: Combined Cognitive and Exercise Priming Improves 1‐Mile Time Trial Performance in Recreational Runners (2026) · cites this paper as Jackson et al. 2001
Flow is facilitated when task demands are well matched to the performer's skill level and is linked to enhanced attentional control, motivation, enjoyment and performance in sport.
“Flow is facilitated when task demands are well matched to the performer's skill level and is linked to enhanced attentional control, motivation, enjoyment and performance in sport (Csikszentmihalyi 2000; Jackson et al. 2001).”
From Warming Up Body and Mind: Combined Cognitive and Exercise Priming Improves 1‐Mile Time Trial Performance in Recreational Runners (2026) · cites this paper as Jackson et al. 2001
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Flow, performance and moderators of challenge-skill balance
Engeser, S., & Rheinberg, F. (2008) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-008-9102-4 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
Jackson, S. A., Martin, A. J., & Eklund, R. C. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.5.561 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citationJob characteristics, flow, and performance: The moderating role of conscientiousness.
Demerouti, E. (2006) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.266 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
A systematic review of the experience, occurrence, and controllability of flow states in elite sport
Swann, C., Keegan, R. J., Piggott, D., & Crust, L. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.006 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Alexander, R., Aragón, O. R., Bookwala, J., Cherbuin, N., Gatt, J. M., Kahrilas, I. J., Kästner, N., Lawrence, A. B., Lowe, L. J., Morrison, R., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.002 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Sport Emotion Questionnaire
Jones, M. V., Lane, A. M., Bray, S. R., Uphill, M. A., & Catlin, J. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.4.407 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Kee, Y. H., & John Wang, C. K. (2008) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.07.001 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Proneness for psychological flow in everyday life: Associations with personality and intelligence
Ullén, F., de Manzano, Ö., Almeida, R., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Nakamura, J., Csíkszentmihályi, M., & Madison, G. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.003 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Katahira, K., Yamazaki, Y., Yamaoka, C., Ozaki, H., Nakagawa, S., & Nagata, N. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00300 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
The neurochemistry and social flow of singing: bonding and oxytocin
Keeler, J. R., Roth, E. A., Neuser, B. L., Spitsbergen, J. M., Waters, D. J. M., & Vianney, J.-M. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00518 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness: A critical review of construct validation research
Rau, H. K., & Williams, P. G. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.035 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Effects of user mental state on EEG-BCI performance
Myrden, A., & Chau, T. T. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00308 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Athlete Engagement in Elite Sport: An Exploratory Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences
Hodge, K. P., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, S. A. (2009) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.23.2.186 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationMental toughness and athletes' use of psychological strategies
Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2009) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390903049972 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Physiological correlates of the flow experience during computer game playing
Harmat, L., de Manzano, Ö., Theorell, T., Högman, L., Fischer, H., & Ullén, F. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.001 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Positive emotion in sport performance: current status and future directions
McCarthy, P. J. (2011) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2011.560955 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Passion at work and burnout: A two-study test of the mediating role of flow experiences
Lavigne, G. L., Forest, J., & Crevier‐Braud, L. (2011) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2011.578390 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
A review on the basketball jump shot
Okazaki, V. H. A., Rodacki, A. L. F., & Satern, M. N. (2015) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2015.1052541 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Swann, C., Crust, L., Jackman, P., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Keegan, R. (2017) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2016.1272650 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Flow and Its Affective, Cognitive, and Performance-Related Consequences
Landhäußer, A., & Keller, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2359-1_4 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Investigating the “Flow” Experience: Key Conceptual and Operational Issues
Abuhamdeh, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00158 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The experience of the flow state in live music performance
Wrigley, W. J., & Emmerson, S. B. (2011) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735611425903 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Murcia, J. A. M., Gimeno, E. M. C., & González‐Cutre, D. (2008) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600004224 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Arousal of Flow Experience in a Learning Setting and Its Effects on Exam Performance and Affect
Schüler, J. (2007) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/1010-0652.21.3.217 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
A Scoping Review of Flow Research
Peifer, C., Wolters, G., Harmat, L., Heutte, J., Tan, J. S., Freire, T., Tavares, D., Fonte, C., Andersen, F. Ø., van den Hout, J. J. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815665 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The rewarding effect of flow experience on performance in a marathon race
Schüler, J., & Brunner, S. (2008) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.001 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Singer, R. N. (2001) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.23.4.359 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between flow states and performance
Harris, D., Allen, K., Vine, S. J., & Wilson, M. (2021) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.1929402 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ash, J. (2010) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1068/d9309 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Swann, C., Keegan, R. J., Crust, L., & Piggott, D. (2015) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.10.008 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Flow Experience and Athletes’ Performance with Reference to the Orthogonal Model of Flow
Stavrou, N. A. M., Jackson, S. A., Zervas, Y., & Karteroliotis, K. E. (2007) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.21.4.438 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citation川端, 雅., & Mallett, C. J. (2011) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9221-1 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Neurocognitive mechanisms of the flow state
Harris, D., Vine, S. J., & Wilson, M. (2017) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.012 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A review and extension of the flow experience concept. Insights and directions for Tourism research
Matos, N., de Sá, E. S., & Duarte, P. (2021) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100802 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The Dark Side of Flow: A Qualitative Study of Dependence in Big Wave Surfing
Partington, S., Partington, E., & Olivier, S. (2009) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.23.2.170 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS): Instrument refinement using confirmatory factor analysis
Hardy, L., Roberts, R., Thomas, P. R., & Murphy, S. M. (2009) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.04.007 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationSinnamon, S., Moran, A. P., & O’Connell, M. (2012) · Journal of Research in Music Education · doi:10.1177/0022429411434931 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Peixoto, F., & Almeida, L. S. (2010) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-010-0011-z · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Marin, M. M., & Bhattacharya, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00853 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2018) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1031-6 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Creutzfeldt, J., Hedman, L., Medin, C., Heinrichs, W. L., & Felländer‐Tsai, L. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1426 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Is flow really effortless? The complex role of effortful attention.
Harris, D., Vine, S. J., & Wilson, M. (2016) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000083 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Game elements improve performance in a working memory training task
Ninaus, M., Pereira, G., Stefitz, R., Prada, R., Paiva, A., Neuper, C., & Wood, G. (2015) · International Journal of Serious Games · doi:10.17083/ijsg.v2i1.60 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
González‐Cutre, D., Sicilia, Á., Murcia, J. A. M., & Fernández‐Balboa, J. (2009) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.28.4.422 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Expanding the Flow Model in Adventure Activities: A Reversal Theory Perspective
Mackenzie, S. H., Hodge, K. P., & Boyes, M. (2011) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2011.11950248 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Swann, C., Piggott, D., Schweickle, M. J., & Vella, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2018.1443525 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Fournier, J., Gaudreau, P., Demontrond-Behr, P., Visioli, J., Forest, J., & Jackson, S. (2006) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.007 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationSport psychology: contemporary themes
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-5354 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Baker, F. A., & MacDonald, R. (2013) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/1029864913476287 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Weintraub, J., Cassell, D., & DePatie, T. P. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12347 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Optimal experiences in exercise: A qualitative investigation of flow and clutch states
Swann, C., Jackman, P. C., Schweickle, M. J., & Vella, S. A. (2018) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.007 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Motor imagery and mental fatigue: inter-relationship and EEG based estimation
Talukdar, U., Hazarika, S. M., & Gan, J. Q. (2018) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10827-018-0701-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The relationship between mental toughness and dispositional flow
Crust, L., & Swann, C. (2011) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2011.635698 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Flow, affect and visual creativity
Cseh, G. M., Phillips, L. H., & Pearson, D. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.913553 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Schüler, J., & Brandstätter, V. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01045.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cervelló, E. M., Ruano, F. J. S.-R., García‐Calvo, T., Castuera, R. J., & Gallego, D. I. (2007) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200701329134 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A computational theory of the subjective experience of flow
Melnikoff, D. E., Carlson, R. W., & Stillman, P. E. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29742-2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Swann, C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28634-1_4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Enhancement Effects of Combined Mindfulness–Neurofeedback Training in Sport
Crivelli, D., Fronda, G., & Balconi, M. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.066 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Flow Experience and Mood States While Playing Body Movement-Controlled Video Games
Thin, A. G., Hansen, L., & McEachen, D. (2011) · Games and Culture · doi:10.1177/1555412011402677 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Mosing, M. A., Pedersen, N. L., Cesarini, D. A., Johannesson, M., Magnusson, P. K. E., Nakamura, J., Madison, G., & Ullén, F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047958 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Antecedents, Boundary Conditions and Consequences of Flow
Barthelmäs, M., & Keller, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53468-4_3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Thinking in action: Some insights from cognitive sport psychology
Moran, A. P. (2012) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2012.03.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Authentic Leadership and Creativity: Mediating Role of Work-Related Flow and Psychological Capital
Zubair, A., & Kamal, A. (2015) · Journal of behavioural sciences · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Flow Engine Framework: A cognitive model of optimal human experience
Šimleša, M., Guegan, J., Blanchard, E., Tarpin-Bernard, F., & Stéphanie Buisine, A. (2018) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1370 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Organisational culture in sport: A conceptual, definitional and methodological review
Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Burton-Wylie, S. (2018) · Sport & Exercise Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpssepr.2018.14.2.32 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mindfulness in Sport Performance
Pineau, T. R., Glass, C. R., & Kaufman, K. A. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch52 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Getting into a “Flow” state: a systematic review of flow experience in neurological diseases
Ottiger, B., van Wegen, E. E. H., Keller, K., Nef, T., Nyffeler, T., Kwakkel, G., & Vanbellingen, T. (2021) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00864-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self- and Team-Efficacy Beliefs of Rowers and Their Relation to Mindfulness and Flow
Pineau, T. R., Glass, C. R., Kaufman, K. A., & Bernal, D. R. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2014-0019 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Guizzo, F., & Cadinu, M. (2016) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12170 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Does Flow Experience Lead to Risk? How and for Whom
Schüler, J., & Nakamura, J. (2013) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12012 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
An inductive exploration into the flow experiences of European Tour golfers
Swann, C., Crust, L., Keegan, R. J., Piggott, D., & Hemmings, B. (2014) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2014.926969 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition
Koehn, S. (2012) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.746731 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Magyaródi, T., & Oláh, A. (2015) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i4.866 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Flow and meaningfulness as predictors of therapeutic outcome within songwriting interventions
Silverman, M. J., Baker, F. A., & MacDonald, R. (2016) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735615627505 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jin-fu, W., Liu, X., Xu, X., Wang, H., & Yang, G. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s462794 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) among adolescent athletes
Lane, A. M., Harwood, C., Terry, P. C., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410410001716689 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The link between flow and performance is moderated by task experience
Palomäki, J., Tammi, T., Lehtonen, N., Seittenranta, N., Laakasuo, M., Abuhamdeh, S., Lappi, O., & Cowley, B. U. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106891 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Systematically comparing methods used to study flow in sport: A longitudinal multiple-case study
Jackman, P. C., Crust, L., & Swann, C. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.06.009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Flow Short Scale (FSS) Dimensionality and What MIMIC Shows on Heterogeneity and Invariance
Kyriazos, T. A., Stalikas, A., Prassa, K., Galanakis, M., Flora, K., & Chatzilia, V. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.96083 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Meggs, J., Chen, M. A., & Koehn, S. (2018) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518803203 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Minkler, T. O., Glass, C. R., & Hut, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2020.1739169 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jackman, P. C., Swann, C., & Crust, L. (2016) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.07.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stamatelopoulou, F., Pezirkianidis, C., Karakasidou, E., Lakioti, A., & Stalikas, A. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.98115 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Aleksić, D., Černe, M., Dysvik, A., & Škerlavaj, M. (2015) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2015.1077809 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The effects of open vs. specific goals on flow and clutch states in a cognitive task
Schweickle, M. J., Groves, S., Vella, S. A., & Swann, C. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Increased absorption in autonomous sensory meridian response
McErlean, A. B. J., & Osborne-Ford, E. J. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8588 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cermakova, L., Moneta, G. B., & Spada, M. M. (2010) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443411003777697 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Childhood Adversity and the Creative Experience in Adult Professional Performing Artists
Thomson, P., & Jaque, S. V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00111 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Exploring the Weak Association between Flow Experience and Performance in Virtual Environments
Bian, Y., Yang, C., Zhou, C., Liu, J., Gai, W., Meng, X., Tian, F., & Shen, C. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173975 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Quality of Life: Key Considerations
Berger, B. G., & Tobar, D. A. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch27 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Effect of Modeling on Self-Efficacy and Flow State of Adolescent Athletes Through Role Models
Lee, S., Kwon, S., & Ahn, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661557 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Effects of Individualized Imagery Interventions on Golf Performance and Flow States
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Holt, N. L. (2005) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ryan, M. E., & Barton, G. M. (2014) · Research in the Teaching of English · doi:10.58680/rte201424580 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ullén, F., Harmat, L., Theorell, T., & Madison, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28634-1_17 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hong, J.-C., Tai, K.-H., Hwang, M.-Y., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2016) · Comput. Educ. · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.04.009 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Schüler, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2359-1_7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Correlates of Dispositional and State Flow in Tennis Competition
Koehn, S., Morris, T., & Watt, A. P. (2012) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2012.737403 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Le concept de « flow » ou « état psychologique optimal » : état de la question appliquée au sport
Demontrond-Behr, P., & Gaudreau, P. (2008) · Staps · doi:10.3917/sta.079.0009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Boudhraâ, S., Dorta, T., Milovanovic, J., & Pierini, D. (2019) · CoDesign · doi:10.1080/15710882.2019.1572765 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jackson, S. A., Thomas, P. R., Marsh, H. W., & Smethurst, C. J.
- ORCID
- Jackson, Susan A.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-153
- ISSN
- 1041-3200 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-1571
- OpenAlex
- W1508182966
- Cited by
- 452
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- self-concept, psychological skills, optimal performance, optimal experience, competitive athletes, dispositional flow, performance standards
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
