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Cited by 91Sport Psychology and PerformancePsychological Treatments and AssessmentsParanormal Experiences and Beliefs

The Effect of Removing Superstitious Behavior and Introducing a Pre-Performance Routine on Basketball Free-Throw Performance

Foster, David J., Weigand, Daniel A., Baines, Dean·2006·Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
DOI 10.1080/10413200500471343
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Abstract

The use of superstitious behavior (SB) in sport is a widespread phenomenon and has become increasingly popular at an elite level. SB has been defined as a behavior which does not have a clear techn...

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Crossref · 10.1080/10413200500471343

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Rituals are distinguished by physical features: rigid, formal, and repetitive action sequences.

    “First, rituals are distinguished by a specific set of physical features pertaining to the characteristic aspects of the individual actions that compose them, which tend to be structured in rigid, formal, and repetitive ways (Foster, Weigand, & Baines, 2006;Rossano, 2012;Tambiah, 1979).”

    From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Foster, Weigand, & Baines, 2006

  • Pregame rituals of athletes have been shown to limit the number of anxious thoughts they experience by directing focus on completion of the ritual sequence.

    “As a coping strategy, the pregame rituals of athletes have been shown to limit the number of anxious thoughts they experience by directing their focus on the completion of the ritual sequence instead.”

    From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Foster et al., 2006

  • Observational studies of athletes suggest that better performers tend to exhibit more ritualistic or superstitious behavior, not less.

    “Interestingly, observational studies of athletes suggest the reverse correlation: that better performers (who presumably have lower discrepancy from their goal) tend to exhibit more ritualistic or superstitious behavior, not less (Cohn, Rotella, & Lloyd, 1990;Cotterill, Sanders, & Collins, 2010;Foster et al., 2006; although note that these studies have low sample sizes).”

    From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Foster et al., 2006

  • Preparation rituals can improve goal-driven performance.

    “First, preparation rituals can improve goal-driven performance (Cohn et al., 1990;Foster et al., 2006;Weinberg, Gould, & Jackson, 1979);”

    From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Foster et al., 2006

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Authors
Foster, D. J., Weigand, D. A., & Baines, D.
Affiliations
  • a University College Northampton
  • De Montfort University (GB)
Venue
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2006-07
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
167-171
ISSN
  • 1041-3200 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-1571
DOI
10.1080/10413200500471343
OpenAlex
W1967791431
Cited by
91
References
18
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Keywords
superstitious behavior, pre-performance routines, basketball, free throw performance, performance anxiety

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