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The opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in education
Abstract
The launch of OpenAI ChatGPT's language-generation model has raised alarms within many sectors, especially the academic sector. Several academicians have urged universities to develop new forms of assessment after the launch of ChatGPT, which solves academic questions in less than a few minutes. Academic cheating is not a new phenomenon, and the use of AI-generated text to cheat on assignments is a new type of cheating that poses unique challenges. This study used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method for topic modeling and the Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning (VADER) method for sentiment analysis. After data preprocessing, 3870 tweets were still available out of the originally 10,000 tweets that were extracted for the study. The VADER sentiment analysis results revealed that 2013 tweets were categorized as “positive,” with the remaining 804 and 1053 tweets categorized as “negative” and “neutral.” The analysis's findings indicate that the majority of people have favorable things to say about ChatGPT. As a result, educational institutions can mitigate the disruptive effects of this technology and promote academic integrity by developing clear policies and guidelines and designing assessments that include limited AI-generated text.
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“Faculty, students, and institutions all face uncertainty and anxiety surrounding the role of GenAI in teaching and learning, as it is uncertain to what extent they should embrace or restrict the use of GenAI in educational contexts [2].”
From Understanding the Practices, Perceptions, and (Dis)Trust of Generative AI among Instructors: A Mixed-methods Study in the U.S. Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Fifty-four percent of the reviewed articles highlighted that the emergence of GenAI presented a significant challenge to student academic integrity (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023; Alexander et al., 2023; Chaudhry et al., 2023; Chan, 2023; Dai et al., 2023; Elsayed, 2023; Geerling et al., 2023; Kang, 2023; Nikolic et al., 2023; Ouh et al., 2023; Overono & Ditta, 2023; Perkins, 2023; Smolansky et al., 2”
From A Scoping Review on How Generative Artificial Intelligence Transforms Assessment in Higher Education (2024) · cites this paper as Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023
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Unleashing ChatGPT: Redefining Technology Acceptance and Digital Transformation in Higher Education
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Can generative AI Be an effective Co-Teacher? An experiment
Niloy, A. C., Akter, S., Sultana, J., Rahman, M. A., Sultana, N., Islam, T., Isha, N. J., Afroz, M., Zabeen, M., Tabassum, M., et al. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100418 · Cited by 18
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Casper: Prompt Sanitization for Protecting User Privacy in Web-Based Large Language Models
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Generative AI and Second/Foreign Language Education from Vygotsky’s Cultural-Historical Perspective
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Ethical Issues in AI-Generated Texts: A Systematic Review and Analysis
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Adoption of ChatGPT for students' learning effectiveness
Bhuiyan, M. A., Rahman, M. K., Basile, V., Hu, P. F., & Bari, A. B. M. M. (2025) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101255 · Cited by 19
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Exploring ChatGPT Utilization Among Master's Students in Higher Education
Jahani, M., Baruah, B., & Ward, A. (2024) · 2024 21st International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET) · doi:10.1109/ithet61869.2024.10837601 · Cited by 9
New Communicative Language Teaching Methods: How ChatGPT is Used in English Teaching and Its Impacts
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“One such innovative approach gaining traction is the application of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) principles in conjunction with ChatGPT technology in the field of English language education [1].”
BackgroundGenerative AI Research of Education from 2013 to 2023
Huang, G., & Liang, X. (2024) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste62025.2024.00030 · Cited by 9
Digital Tools in Language Learning: Optimizing Memory and Attention for College Students
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“For example, ChatGPT, a widely accepted language model created by OpenAI, has gained significant prominence in various industries, especially in education (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023).”
UYGUN, T., Şendur, A., Top, B., & Coşgun-Başeğmez, K. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13084-1 · Cited by 9
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Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced Classification and Analysis: Fire Incidents Case Study
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Okulu, H. Z. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13580-y · Cited by 11
“Education is one of the most significant areas where artificial intelligence (AI) has shown its transformative impact (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023 ).”
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InfluentialБаггиа, А., Tratnik, A., & Brezavšček, A. (2026) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-026-02717-x · Cited by 26
“Higher education institutions (HEIs) are now working to pave the way for the responsible and efficient use of GenAI in educational and research processes (Adeshola and Adepoju 2024).”
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A Global Outlook on AI-Predicted Impacts of ChatGPT on Contemporary Education
Kanbul, S., Adamu, I., & Mohammed, Y. B. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241266370 · Cited by 8
“For instance, Adeshola and Adepoju (2023), argued that ChatGPT’s potential influence could extend to educational learning objectives, assessment processes, learning activities, and evaluation procedures.”
Transforming HTM Education: ChatGPT as a Catalyst for DEIB
Chan, E. Y. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education · doi:10.1080/10963758.2024.2428613 · Cited by 9
“However, to be sure, this commentary only discusses the possibilities of ChatGPT to promote DEIB in HTM. Research (whether qualitative or quantitative) would be important to demonstrate its potential role and impact in the classroom (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023; Rudolph et al., 2023).”
Li, K., Lun, L., & Hu, P. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13362-6 · Cited by 9
“This finding highlights the view that educators and learners should focus on maximizing the benefits while mitigating the risks, a stance that is increasingly advocated in the literature (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023).”
Yang, J. W., Choe, K., Lim, J., & Park, J. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2488984 · Cited by 9
Incorporating ChatGPT into Hospitality and Tourism Education: A Comparative Student and AI Study
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Ni, Y., & Cao, Y. (2025) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-02-2025-0013 · Cited by 12
Chen, Z., Ren, D., Wang, Z., Gao, L., Shi, Y., Liu, H., & Yang, T. (2025) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102185 · Cited by 13
Uğraş, M., Çakır, Z., Zacharis, G., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2025) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers14090368 · Cited by 12
“These limitations include technology dependency [28,29,93], challenges related to access and implementation [31,94], a potential decline in human interaction [91,92], and the diminishing of the ECE teacher’s role [29,90,91].”
Aad, S. S., Dagher, G. K., & Hardey, M. (2024) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci14120330 · Cited by 7
“In a critical analysis conducted by Adeshola and Adepoju (2023), it was highlighted that ChatGPT might have unanticipated socioeconomic effects.”
Koon, V., Sin, K. Y., Meng, C. S., & Poon, W. C. (2025) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2025.2469080 · Cited by 7
“Studies highlight GPT’s potential in tourism education (Skavronskaya et al., 2023), its impact on assessment practices and challenges in replacing traditional exams (Farazouli et al., 2024), and concerns over privacy and overreliance (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2024).”
B., H. M., & Karthika, V. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies : Official Journal of the IFIP technical committee on Education · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13497-6 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, it requires the learners to be cognizant of ethical considerations, including issues of bias and privacy (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023).”
InfluentialUsing AI Tools to Enhance Educational Robotics to Bridge the Gender Gap in STEM
Voutyrakou, D. A., & Skordoulis, C. D. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15060711 · Cited by 9
Pyae, A. (2025) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3698061.3734405 · Cited by 8
“Tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, and GitHub Copilot exemplify the integration of AI into educational environments, offering new learning opportunities while simultaneously raising ethical concerns—particularly around academic integrity and authorship [Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023].”
Yıldız, M., Topuz, A. C., Polat, H., Taşlıbeyaz, E., Kurşun, E., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2025) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2025.2539797 · Cited by 8
Fostering Media and Information Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills in the Digital Age
Novitskyi, V., Taranenko, H., Kalenych, V., Баранова, О. В., & Poberezhets, H. (2025) · International Journal on Culture History and Religion · doi:10.63931/ijchr.v7isi1.161 · Cited by 7
Characterizing Relationships with Companion and Assistant Large Language Models
Manoli, A., Pauketat, J. V. T., & Anthis, J. R. (2025) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3715070.3749245 · Cited by 13
Alharbi, M. A., & Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251392080 · Cited by 16
“Many students emphasized the need to keep human interaction central in the learning process, valuing teacher support, personal feedback, and social connection, echoing a more human-centered approach to education (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023; Elbanna & Armstrong, 2024; Strzelecki, 2023).”
Educators’ Acceptance and Use of AI Software: UTAUT2 Model
AÇIKGÜL, K., & Şad, S. N. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251413449 · Cited by 10
“It is also noted that it will bring challenges in terms of evaluation and ethical considerations (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2023; Firat, 2023).”
Taking a stance: AI generated versus student written argumentative essays
Jiang, F. K., & Hyland, K. (2026) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2025-0188 · Cited by 7
“The di ffi culty of distinguishing between AI-generated and human-authored texts poses serious challenges for educational practice, potentially leading to undetected plagiarism and undermining the value of authentic student work (Adeshola and Adepoju 2023; Scarfe et al. 2024).”
Navigating the AI Revolution: Implications for Business Education and Pedagogy
Xu, X. (2024) · Journal of Curriculum and Teaching · doi:10.5430/jct.v13n1p371 · Cited by 11
Zhou, N. (2024) · Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media · doi:10.54254/2753-7048/58/20241716 · Cited by 7
Navigating AI and chatbot applications in education and research: a holistic approach
Abhishek, N., Devesh, S., Ashoka, M. L., Suraj, N., Acharya, P. S., & Divyashree, M. S. (2024) · Quality Education for All · doi:10.1108/qea-10-2023-0005 · Cited by 9
Public attitudes toward higher education using sentiment analysis and topic modeling
Göçen, A., Ibrahim, M. M., & Khan, A. U. I. (2024) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-024-00195-4 · Cited by 13
“For example, in a pivotal decision about whether to incorporate ChatGPT into higher education institutions, sentiment analysis revealed a predominantly positive public perception of ChatGPT, suggesting its continued and potentially increasing adoption [15].”
A bibliometric analysis of literature published on ChatGPT and GPT
Safdar, M., Siddique, N., Gulzar, A., Adil, S. A., Yasin, H., & Khan, M. A. (2024) · Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication · doi:10.1108/gkmc-08-2023-0304 · Cited by 7
Charming or chilling? A comprehensive review of ChatGPT’s in education sector
Bhaskar, P., & Tiwari, C. (2025) · The international journal of information and learning technology · doi:10.1108/ijilt-05-2024-0097 · Cited by 5
Enhancing anti-plagiarism literacy practices among undergraduates with AI
Zhang, Y., Liu, Y.-H., & Wang, X.-H. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2492783 · Cited by 6
“AI has a mixed effect on plagiarism, some technologies serve as plagiarism detection software, while others enable cheating (Adeshola & Adepoju, 2024; Galindo-Domín-guez et al., 2025).”
How does students' perception of ChatGPT shape online learning engagement and performance?
Mehrvarz, M., Salimi, G., Abdoli, S., & McLaren, B. M. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100459 · Cited by 17
Yang, H. (2026) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098265.2026.2628342 · Cited by 9
Leveraging ChatGPT for Personalized Learning: A systematic Review in Educational Settings
Sreen, A. H. S., & Majid, M. H. M. (2024) · Amandemen Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Studies · doi:10.61166/amd.v2i1.72 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Adeshola, I., & Adepoju, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Final International University (CY)
- Cyprus International University (CY)
- Corresponding author
- Adeshola, Ibrahim
- Venue
- Interactive Learning Environments
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-09-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 6159-6172
- ISSN
- 1049-4820 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-5191
- OpenAlex
- W4386421370
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 121.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Interactive Learning Environments (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, generative AI in education, academic dishonesty, AI-generated text, academic integrity, assessment design
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