Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization

Hinduja, Sameer; Patchin, Justin W.

doi:10.1080/01639620701457816

Cited by 1,497Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionHate Speech and Cyberbullying DetectionStalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment

Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization

Hinduja, Sameer, Patchin, Justin W.·2008·Deviant Behavior

DOI 10.1080/01639620701457816

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Abstract

Victimization on the Internet through what has been termed cyberbullying has attracted increased attention from scholars and practitioners. Defined as “willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text” (Patchin and Hinduja 2006 Patchin , J. W. and S. Hinduja . 2006 . “Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard: A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 4 ( 2 ): 148 – 169 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]:152), this negative experience not only undermines a youth's freedom to use and explore valuable on-line resources, but also can result in severe functional and physical ramifications. Research involving the specific phenomenon—as well as Internet harassment in general—is still in its infancy, and the current work seeks to serve as a foundational piece in understanding its substance and salience. On-line survey data from 1,378 adolescent Internet-users are analyzed for the purposes of identifying characteristics of typical cyberbullying victims and offenders. Although gender and race did not significantly differentiate respondent victimization or offending, computer proficiency and time spent on-line were positively related to both cyberbullying victimization and offending. Additionally, cyberbullying experiences were also linked to respondents who reported school problems (including traditional bullying), assaultive behavior, and substance use. Implications for addressing this novel form of youthful deviance are discussed.

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There is a high correlation between traditional bullying and cyberbullying.
“While there is a high correlation between traditional bullying and cyberbullying28,45,46, marked differences exist between the two.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
No significant association was found between participants' age and cyberbullying perpetration.
“Second, no significant association was found between participants' age and cyberbullying perpetration, in line with previous research showing that participants' age was not a significant predictor of cyberbullying perpetration (Steffgen, König, Pfetsch, & Melzer, 2011), but contrary to evidence suggesting a significant link between the variables in question (DeHue et al., 2008;Hinduja & Patchin, 2”
From Cyberbullying through the lens of social influence: Predicting cyberbullying perpetration from perceived peer-norm, cyberspace regulations and ingroup processes (2020) · cites this paper as Hinduja & Patchin, 2008

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Authors: Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W.
Affiliations: Florida Atlantic University (US)
University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire (US)
Corresponding author: Hinduja, Sameer
ORCID: Hinduja, Sameer
Patchin, Justin W.
Venue: Deviant Behavior
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2008-01-22
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 129-156
ISSN: 0163-9625 (ISSN-L)
1521-0456
DOI: 10.1080/01639620701457816
OpenAlex: W2000453371
Cited by: 1,497
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 136 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 82
FWCI: 55.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Deviant Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
Keywords: cyberbullying, cyber victimization, adolescents, computer proficiency, online time, school problems, traditional bullying, assaultive behavior, substance use, gender differences, racial differences, youth deviance

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Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization

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