Therapist and client perceptions of therapeutic presence: The development of a measure
Abstract
The authors developed two versions of a therapeutic presence measure, based on an earlier model of presence (Geller & Greenberg, 2002)-Therapeutic Presence Inventory-therapist (TPI-T) and client (TPI-C) versions-to measure in-session therapeutic presence. They explored their reliability and validity in two studies. In the first, items generated from the previously established model were subjected to analyses and expert ratings. In the second study, therapists and clients rated therapists' presence postsession. Therapists also completed the Relationship Inventory, and clients assessed two additional factors: session outcome, using the Client Task Specific Measure-Revised, and therapeutic alliance, using the Working Alliance Inventory. Findings revealed that both versions of the TPI had good reliability and construct validity. However, TPI-T had low predictive validity and the TPI-C showed good predictive validity. In particular, clients reported positive therapeutic alliance and change following sessions when they felt their therapist was present with them.
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The TPI EFA revealed an excellent one-factor structure, the measure revealed a good internal consistency (with α = 0.75), and it predicted the outcome as well as the therapeutic alliance.
“An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed an excellent one-factor structure. Furthermore, the measure revealed a good internal consistency (with α = 0.75) and predicted the outcome as well as the therapeutic alliance.”
From The process-outcome mindfulness effects in trainees (PrOMET) study: Protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Geller et al. 2010
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- Authors
- Geller, S. M., Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Geller, Shari Melissa
- Venue
- Psychotherapy Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 599-610
- ISSN
- 1050-3307 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-4381
- OpenAlex
- W2134066496
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychotherapy Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- therapeutic presence, therapeutic relationship, predictive validity, construct validity, reliability statistics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Major Depressive Disorder, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychological Tests, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Reproducibility of Results, Patient Satisfaction, Young Adult
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