The impact of quarantine and physical distancing following COVID-19 on mental health: Study protocol of a multicentric Italian population trial
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures-mainly physical distancing and isolation-are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, and worries about the future are common reactions and represent well-known risk factors for several mental disorders, including anxiety, affective, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The vast majority of available studies have been conducted in China, where the pandemic started. Italy has been severely hit by the pandemic, and the socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there is the need for methodologically rigorous studies aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine measures on the mental health of the Italian population. In fact, our results will help us to develop appropriate interventions for managing the psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The "COVID-IT-mental health trial" is a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which has the following aims: a) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. Data will be collected through a web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants will be subdivided into four groups: a) Group 1-COVID-19 quarantine group. This group includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those not directly exposed to contagion nor in contact with COVID-19+ individuals; b) Group 2-COVID-19+ group, which includes isolated people directly/indirectly exposed to the virus; c) Group 3-COVID-19 healthcare staff group, which includes first- and second-line healthcare professionals; d) Group 4-COVID-19 mental health, which includes users of mental health services and all those who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Mental health services worldwide are not prepared yet to manage the short- and long-term consequences of the pandemic. It is necessary to have a clear picture of the impact that this new stressor will have on mental health and well-being in order to develop and disseminate appropriate interventions for the general population and for the other at-risk groups.
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The COVID-19 pandemic increased anxiety regarding the future.
“The COVID-19 pandemic increased anxiety regarding the future [33,34,35].”
From COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The Background says people in severely affected cities are experiencing high levels of worry about the future. The Discussion describes a potential stressor that could further increase anticipatory anxiety, but this study protocol does not establish that the pandemic increased future-related anxiety across the population. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Giallonardo, V., Sampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B., Nanni, M. G., Pompili, M., Sani, G., Tortorella, A., Volpe, U., & Fiorillo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Fiorillo, Andrea
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-06-05
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 533-533
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7290062
- OpenAlex
- W3029850845
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 20
- FWCI
- 21.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, social distancing, mental health, psychological impact of pandemic, loneliness, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, healthcare workers, mental health services, Italian population, psychosocial interventions
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