The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 47 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Assessment of stress and self-efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function assessment battery contains measures in the domains of cognitive function, motor function, sensory function, and emotional health. It was designed for use in epidemiological and clinical trials health-related research. DESIGN: This paper describes the first phase of instrument development for the stress and self-efficacy subdomain of emotional health. Based on an extensive literature review and expert consultation, 127 measures were initially considered for inclusion in this subdomain, including measures of stress, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, and coping. RESULTS: Several measures, including emotion regulation and measures of coping strategies, did not meet criteria that were a priori established for inclusion. Psychometric properties of the remaining candidate measures were evaluated using data from five independent samples (combined N = 3175). Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses indicated the Perceived Stress Scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale each assessed single dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Based on their psychometric performance, these two instruments were selected for inclusion and subsequent national norming for the NIH Toolbox.
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Claims the paper makes
31 Not checked yet · 22 Own result · 11 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 5 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One item had a low corrected item-total correlation (.16) in 8–12 year-olds: “If someone tries to keep me from getting what I want, I can find a way to get what I want.””
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This model also had good fit indices for adolescents, ages 8–12 years (self- and proxy report) and 13–17 years of age.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One item (item #12) had low corrected item-total correlations across all groups: “In the last month, how often have you found yourself thinking about things that you have to accomplish?””
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Item #12 had a low item-total correlation in all three pediatric samples.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Across all age groups, internal consistency reliability was good for the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha (see Table 2).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Model fit analyses of emotion regulation and general coping measures were less successful than those for stress and self-efficacy.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the rest of the items, corrected item-total correlations were greater than .33 across all of the samples.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Table 3, the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) had high internal consistency for ages 8–12 years (for both self- and proxy-report), 13–17 years, and 18 years and older.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This addition to the model resulted in a good-fitting one-factor model (see Table 4).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the PSS, we included one group factor for all positively keyed items and another group factor for reverse-keyed items; this model achieved good fit for the PSS (see Table 2).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
- Probably not a substantial claim. 40
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the entire NIH Toolbox Emotional Health domain, 554 measures were identified, and of these, 127 were classified as potential measures of stress, self-efficacy, emotion regulation or coping.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were granted permission to use 36 of those measures.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on the procedures described below, perceived stress, self-efficacy, emotion regulation and coping were initially considered to be the most important subdomains upon which to build a Toolbox measurement strategy.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Coping
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After review by project staff and emotion domain consultants, 44 measures were selected for further consideration based on criteria described earlier.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Stress and Self-Efficacy domain, consensus was reached that the four relevant constructs identified were Perceived Stress, Self-Efficacy, Emotion Regulation, and Coping.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Coping
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The resulting short list included six measures that assessed stressful events or perceived stress, 3 that assessed self-efficacy, 4 that assessed emotion regulation and 31 that assessed coping.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and extensive discussions, the NIH Toolbox emotional health team selected perceived stress, self-efficacy, emotion regulation and coping as important constructs to be evaluated for possible inclusion in the NIH Toolbox.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, by recruiting participants from an online research panel, we obtained samples that were predominantly White with more years of education relative to population-based samples.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The preliminary analyses of the Perceived Stress Scale suggested that it measures a single dimension, although there was some variance accounted for by the direction of the items (positively- versus negatively-keyed).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our first attempt to fit a one-factor model was unsuccessful; CFI = .97 was acceptable, but RMSEA was >.10.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A modification index indicated a residual dependency between two items with similar content (see Table 3), so the model was refit to account for it.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These five samples were recruited based on age and consisted of adults aged 18 years and above (N= 1111), adolescents aged 13–17 years (N=512), and children aged 8–12 years (N= 513) for self-report forms; and children aged 8–12 years (N= 539) and children aged 3–7 years (N= 500) for parent/guardian proxy forms.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Sample/Participants
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five community-dwelling internet panel samples were recruited for the initial wave of testing (Total N=3,175).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Sample/Participants
plainn = 3,175- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cronbach’s alpha was .89 for 13–17 year-olds, .87 for 8–12 year-olds, and 0.87 for a proxy-report version of the PSS for 8–12 year-olds.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Kidcope, CSCY, How I Feel-EC, Ways of Coping, Brief COPE, and CBQ had good reliability and validity according to classic psychometric analyses, but could not be fitted to a unidimensional CFA model.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is related to risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, immune dysfunction, and certain cancers, through increased autonomic nervous system activity, poor vagal tone, chronically elevated blood cortisol levels, and decreased immunocompetence (Antoni et al., 2006; Cohen & Williamson, 1988; Raposa, Hammen, Brennan, O'Callaghan, & Najman, 2014; Steptoe & Kivimaki, 2012).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Antoni et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Cohen & Williamson, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Raposa, Hammen, Brennan, O'Callaghan, & Najman, 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIH Toolbox; nihtoolbox.org) initiative was developed to identify, create when necessary, and validate measures in the broad domains of cognitive function, emotional health, motor function, and sensory function for use large-scale epidemiological studies (Gershon, et al., 2010; Gershon, et al. 2013; Salsman, et al., 2013).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gershon, et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Gershon, et al. 2013
- Not checked yetcites Salsman, et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The subjective experience of psychological stress is influenced by the individual’s appraisal of the personal significance of a given event in relation to his or her values and goals and options and resources for controlling the outcome (Folkman, 1984).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Folkman, 1984
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Psychological stress is experienced when an individual perceives environmental or internal demands that are personally threatening and exceed his or her perceived adaptive capacity (Cohen, Kessler, & Gordon, 1997; Folkman, 2010; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen, Kessler, & Gordon, 1997
- Not checked yetcites Folkman, 2010
- Not checked yetcites Lazarus & Folkman, 1984
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The relevance of stress to disease and health has been demonstrated in both human and animal models (Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007; Segerstrom and Miller, 2004).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Segerstrom and Miller, 2004
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Including neurological and behavioral function measures in these large and expensive epidemiological studies could improve understanding of how neurological and behavioral health factors are related to diverse outcomes and do so cost-effectively and with minimal additional participant burden.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, the emotional health domain was comprised of four subdomains: Negative Affect, Positive Affect, Social Relationships, and Stress and Self-Efficacy subdomains, the latter of which is the focus of this paper.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nowinski, Victorson, Debb, & Gershon, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, stress can hamper adherence to medication and other medical recommendations, and it can lead to increases in health-damaging behavior.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Segerstrom and Miller, 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988) is arguably the most widely used scale of coping strategies for adolescents and adults. It is a 50-item Likert scale with 8 empirically derived factors.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Folkman & Lazarus, 1988
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Among individuals with acute or chronic diseases, coping is a key factor that can determine how well an individual conceptualizes and behaviorally manages a health condition, and ways of coping with stress can influence whether individuals cope in healthy or health-destructive ways (Carver & Vargas, 2011; Folkman, 2010).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Coping
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carver & Vargas, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Folkman, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Difficulties in regulating emotions have been related to problems in psychological and physical functioning (Appleton, Buka, Loucks, Gilman, & Kubzansky, 2013; Gross & Munoz, 1995; DeSteno, Gross & Kubzansky, 2013).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Emotion regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Appleton, Buka, Loucks, Gilman, & Kubzansky, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Gross & Munoz, 1995
- Not checked yetcites DeSteno, Gross & Kubzansky, 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It measures personal competence to deal effectively with a variety of stressful situations (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The most comprehensive and frequently-cited definition of coping was formulated by Lazarus and Folkman (1984): “cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal demands (and conflicts between them) that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person.””
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Coping
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lazarus and Folkman (1984)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Secondary appraisal involves the extent to which one believes they can influence or affect their own internal states, their behavior, the environment, and/or desired outcomes (perceived control) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Wallston, Wallston, Smith & Dobbins, 1987).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Self-Efficacy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lazarus & Folkman, 1984
- Not checked yetcites Wallston, Wallston, Smith & Dobbins, 1987
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Another widely used scale of coping strategies is the Brief Cope (Carver, 1997), a 28 item scale with 14 2-item subscales with good psychometrics.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carver, 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The CBQ is a widely used measure of child development and behavior and has excellent psychometric properties ((Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not a measure of the stress level itself, self-efficacy involves the belief that one is able to respond to demands of a stressful situation and it has both direct and indirect effects on health, including engaging in health-related behaviors (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Self-Efficacy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) scale was identified to measure general self-efficacy.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“An essential component in judging opportunities for personal control in a stressful situation is the evaluation of one’s self- efficacy with respect to implementing the required strategies (Bandura, 1997).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Self-Efficacy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bandura, 1997
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Emotion regulation is a process by which a person can attempt to monitor and manage the experience and expression of their emotions and it can involve both conscious and unconscious processes (Gross & John, 2003).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Conceptual Framework > Emotion regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gross & John, 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Emotion Control Factor of the How I Feel measure (Walden, Harris, & Catron, 2003) is a 10-item scale that has established good reliability and validity.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Walden, Harris, & Catron, 2003
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This scale is the most frequently used measure of a person’s subjective experience of stress, including studies of health and quality of life, and has excellent reliability and validity (Cohen & Williamson, 1988, Monroe, 2008).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen & Williamson, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Monroe, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For the subdomain of perceived stress, The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kessler & Gordon, 1995) was selected.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen, Kessler & Gordon, 1995
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“It is a 10 item Likert scale and has excellent reliability, stability, and validity, and has been used in numerous studies related to health-related stress and behavior (Lusczynska, Gutierrez-Doña, & Schwarzer, 2005).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lusczynska, Gutierrez-Doña, & Schwarzer, 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For children and adolescents, two scales were initially considered: The Kidcope (Spirito, Stark & Williams, 1988), comprised of 10 items representing coping strategies and the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY) (Brodzinsky et al., 1992) comprised of 29 items with good psychometric properties.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Spirito, Stark & Williams, 1988
- Not checked yetcites Brodzinsky et al., 1992
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These measures have good psychometric properties, and, although they were not included as Toolbox measures, they remain useful measures of the constructs they represent and were recommended as supplemental measures for research involving Toolbox measures.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although disappointing because of the conceptual importance attributed to these measures in this subdomain, these findings are consistent with well-known complexities that characterize their assessment (Bridges, Denham & Ganiban, 2004; Folkman, & Moskowitz, 2004).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bridges, Denham & Ganiban, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Folkman, & Moskowitz, 2004
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Items were reviewed for relevance and use by older respondents (Geriatric Working Group), for cultural sensitivity and conceptual appropriateness across cultural groups (Cultural Working Group) and for Spanish translatability in the future (Spanish Language Working Group).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The key conceptual problem is that the evaluation of the adaptiveness/maladaptiveness of coping is determined in relation to a specific context.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One main reason was the lack of a single outcome score, as most were multidimensional measures and resulted in being too lengthy for inclusion.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Self-Efficacy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was a purposive sample designed with recruitment quotas for age, gender, and education.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Sample/Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The scale authors (Cohen & Williamson, 1988) had also found a low factor loading for Item 12, as well as three other items and reduced the items to 10 (the PSS10). Their psychometric analyses found reliability and validity to be equivalent to the PSS14.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen & Williamson, 1988
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because measures in this subdomain had sufficient psychometric properties, item response theory was not recommended for scoring because using the measures “as is” would allow for continuity with the extant literature.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Approach to data analyses – Initial Calibration Study
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, these measures were deemed as appropriate for inclusion in this subdomain of the NIH Toolbox Emotional Health domain.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of these challenges and the constraints of the NIH Toolbox, these measures were judged unsuitable for this project, which may be a limitation of the NIH Toolbox.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the measures that were judged most appropriate for NIH Toolbox purposes are widely used, psychometrically sound, and brief.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may be evidence of a participation bias which is often unavoidable in volunteer research.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The key methodological problem is that coping is multi-dimensional with no agreement about the number of dimensions or a gold standard classification system (Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003).”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As part of the NIH Toolbox project, all items were also reviewed by expert panels to identify and address potential issues related to assessment in special subgroups.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Selection of Candidate Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“After this analysis, we decided to recommend the PSS10 for the Toolbox.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Based on our psychometric results, which were similar to those of the authors (Cohen & Williamson, 1988), we decided to recommend the 10-item version.”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Results > Perceived Stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohen & Williamson, 1988
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential participants completed a rigorous screening process to determine their eligibility, which included validation of their internet protocol addresses to ensure that they were not fraudulently participating in surveys..”
§ Assessing Stress and Self-Efficacy for the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function > Method > Sample/Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · cited 2×
“For our CFAs, we assessed model fit using the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990; Hu & Bentler, 1999) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Browne, Cudeck, Bollen, & Long, 1993) to assess the fit of each model.”
MethodSelf-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,038
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
Self-citationComparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266 · cited 1×
“For our CFAs, we assessed model fit using the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990; Hu & Bentler, 1999) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Browne, Cudeck, Bollen, & Long, 1993) to assess the fit of each model.”
MethodSelf-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · cited 1×
“Emotion regulation is a process by which a person can attempt to monitor and manage the experience and expression of their emotions and it can involve both conscious and unconscious processes (Gross & John, 2003).”
BackgroundYou want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope
Carver, C. S. (1997) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6 · Cited by 7,361 · cited 1×
“Another widely used scale of coping strategies is the Brief Cope (Carver, 1997), a 28-item scale with 14 2-item subscales with good psychometrics.”
MethodMarsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2 · Cited by 6,691
Cella, D., Riley, W., Stone, A., Rothrock, N., Reeve, B., Yount, S., Amtmann, D., Bode, R., Buysse, D., Choi, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011 · Cited by 5,128 · cited 1×
“In addition, our scientific team has found that recruiting samples from Internet panels can be a cost-effective, efficient, and valid means of data collection as evidenced by our experience with two other large-scale NIH-funded efforts (Cella et al., 2010; Gershon et al., 2012).”
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Browne M. W., 1993, Alternative ways of assessing model fit testing structural equation models
- Schwarzer R., 2008, Health Behavior Constructs: Theory, Measurement and Research
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Harris, K. M., Gaffey, A. E., Schwartz, J. E., Krantz, D. S., & Burg, M. M. (2023) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaad015 · Cited by 236
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023 · Cited by 154
“Alternatively, setting an absolute protein target of 80 – 120 g/day may enhance adherence while ensuring adequate intake.”
Bevans, K. B., Gardner, W. P., PAJER, K. A., Becker, B. D., Carle, A. C., Tucker, C. A., & Forrest, C. B. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsy010 · Cited by 130
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24336 · Cited by 143
“Individuals who report high levels of stress on a Perceived Stress Scale 10-item questionnaire [193] or a brief Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety [194] may particularly benefit from stress mitigation interventions.”
Salsman, J. M., Schalet, B. D., Merluzzi, T. V., Park, C. L., Hahn, E. A., Snyder, M. A., & Cella, D. F. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02198-6 · Cited by 94
“Similarly, convergent validity correlations with related constructs such as optimism and positive expectancies were large and in the expected direction [45, 46], and the PROMIS General Self-Efficacy measures were highly correlated with the Toolbox version of the same construct [20], suggesting comparable approaches to…”
Self-citationHolmes, L. G., Zampella, C., Clements, C. C., McCleery, J. P., Maddox, B. B., Parish‐Morris, J., Udhnani, M. D., Schultz, R. T., & Miller, J. S. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2275 · Cited by 76
“, 2014], general self-efficacy [Kupst et al., 2015], cognitive functioning [Lai, Wagner, Jacobsen, & Cella, 2014], sleep disturbance and impairment [Buysse et al.”
BackgroundValidation of the NIH Toolbox in Individuals with Neurologic Disorders
Carlozzi, N. E., Goodnight, S. M., Casaletto, K. B., Goldsmith, A., Heaton, R. K., Wong, A., Baum, C. M., Gershon, R. C., Heinemann, A. W., & Tulsky, D. S. (2017) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acx020 · Cited by 74
Eick, S. M., Enright, E. A., Geiger, S. D., Dzwilewski, K. L. C., DeMicco, E., Smith, S. C., Park, J.-S., Aguiar, A., Woodruff, T. J., Morello-Frosch, R. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020742 · Cited by 63
“Perceived stress was harmonized by converting the PSS-4 and PSS-10 to T-scores using the NIH toolbox [38].”
MethodInfluentialTargeting self-regulation to promote health behaviors in children
Miller, A. L., Gearhardt, A. N., Fredericks, E. M., Katz, B., Shapiro, L. F., Holden, K., Kaciroti, N., Gonzalez, R., Hunter, C. M., & Lumeng, J. C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.008 · Cited by 61
“The NIH Toolbox Self-Efficacy questionnaire, validated for 8-12 year-old children (Kupst et al., 2015), assesses belief in one’s capacity to manage and have control over meaningful events (e.g., “I can manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough”).”
MethodEick, S. M., Enright, E. A., Padula, A. M., Aung, M. T., Geiger, S. D., Cushing, L. J., Trowbridge, J., Keil, A. P., Baek, H.-G., Smith, S. C., et al. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107238 · Cited by 53
“This method is described in detail elsewhere (Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodWilliams, J. R., Cole, V. T., Girdler, S. S., & Cromeens, M. G. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233185 · Cited by 49
“It is also important to note that this study used a self-report measure of perceived stress during the past month as an indicator of a person’s adaptive capacity overload [66].”
BackgroundShomaker, L. B., Berman, Z., Burke, M., Annameier, S. K., Pivarunas, B., Sánchez, N., Smith, A. D., Hendrich, S. G., Riggs, N. R., Legget, K. T., et al. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.022 · Cited by 51
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CHD care and emotional wellbeing
Cousino, M. K., Pasquali, S. K., Romano, J. C., Norris, M. D., Yu, S., Reichle, G., Lowery, R., Viers, S., & Schumacher, K. R. (2020) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951120004758 · Cited by 52
“In addition, the eight-item parent-reported NIH PROMIS Psychological Stress Experiences Scale 10 and 10-item self-reported NIH Toolbox Perceived Stress Scale 11,12 were administered as validated measures of general life stress.”
Shahane, A. D., Lopez, R. B., & Denny, B. T. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00676-x · Cited by 34
“In addition, the perceived stress measure used in the present study has been shown to reliably predict and/or reflect stress in normative populations (Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodZhu, X., Wang, K., Chen, L., Cao, A., Chen, Q., Li, J., & Qiu, J. (2018) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.018 · Cited by 32
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100181 · Cited by 28
Coping and Adaptation in Pediatric Cancer: Current Perspectives
Kupst, M. J., & Patenaude, A. F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21374-3_5 · Cited by 26
Self-citationJelsma, E. B., Goosby, B. J., & Cheadle, J. E. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13763 · Cited by 25
Mendelson, T., Clary, L. K., Sibinga, E., Tandon, D., Musci, R., Mmari, K., Salkever, D., Stuart, E. A., & Ialongo, N. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.105895 · Cited by 25
Zaheed, A. B., Sharifian, N., Kraal, A. Z., Sol, K., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., Brickman, A. M., & Zahodne, L. B. (2020) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617720001253 · Cited by 24
“Perceived stress was measured using the NIH Toolbox Perceived Stress Survey (Kupst et al., 2015; Salsman et al., 2013), a 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), which has been demonstrated to have good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .91) and concordance with objective measures of…”
MethodWhite, S. W., Brewe, A. M., & Powell, N. P. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/70137 · Cited by 24
“The GSES has shown strong internal consistency and convergent validity [40,41].”
Foy, J. G., & Foy, M. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00158 · Cited by 23
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J. P., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S. M., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2026.100269 · Cited by 30
Hammond, T. C., Powell, E. S., Green, S. J., Chlipala, G. E., Frank, J. A., Yackzan, A. T., Yanckello, L. M., Chang, Y., Xing, X., Heil, S. D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.1017180 · Cited by 23
Wulsin, L. R., Henson, S. J. S., Roos, L. G., Wang, D., Jenkins, B. N., Cohen, B. E., Shah, A. J., & Slavich, G. M. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001051 · Cited by 19
Yoo, H. J., Nashiro, K., Min, J., Cho, C., Mercer, N., Bachman, S. L., Nasseri, P., Dutt, S., Porat, S., Choi, P., et al. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02396-5 · Cited by 20
Johnson, H. M., Sullivan-Vedder, L., Kim, K., McBride, P. E., Smith, M. A., LaMantia, J. N., Fink, J. T., Sinaise, M. R. K., Zeller, L. M., & Lauver, D. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.010 · Cited by 19
“, perceived self-efficacy [51, 52]; confidence in starting and maintaining behaviors to reach a goal) [50, 53–59].”
BackgroundImpact of a Genetic Diagnosis for a Child’s Autism on Parental Perceptions
Wynn, J., Karlsen, A., Huber, B. D., Levine, A., Salem, A. M., White, L. C., Luby, M., Bezborodko, E., Xiao, S., Chung, W. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06273-x · Cited by 16
“At one-month follow-up, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in one’s own ability; Kupst et al., 2015) and autism stigma were not significantly different from baseline for either group (Table S3).”
Liebe, R. A., Adams, L. M., Hedrick, V. E., Serrano, E. L., Porter, K., Cook, N. E., & Misyak, S. A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071491 · Cited by 17
“More than half of all respondents were experiencing a high level of perceived stress, which is severe enough to potentially necessitate clinical intervention [39].”
BackgroundMethodA Pilot Study of Cognition Among Hypoparathyroid Adults
Rubin, M. R., Tabacco, G., Omeragic, B., Majeed, R., Hale, C., & Brickman, A. M. (2022) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac002 · Cited by 16
“Duration of hypoparathyroidism, years 5 (2-10) [1-39]”
BackgroundSmith, A. D., Sanchez, N., Reynolds, C., Casamassima, M., Verros, M., Annameier, S. K., Melby, C., Johnson, S. A., Lucas-Thompson, R. G., & Shomaker, L. B. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104715 · Cited by 15
“—We measured and accounted for adolescents’ perceptions of general stress using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen & Williamson, 1988; Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodMa, L., Steinberg, J. L., Bjork, J. M., Wang, Q., Hettema, J. M., Abbate, A., & Moeller, F. G. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.013 · Cited by 18
Burkhouse, K. L., Dao, A., Argiros, A. P., Granros, M., Cárdenas, E. F., Dickey, L., Feurer, C., Hill, K. E., Pegg, S. L., Venanzi, L., et al. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104384 · Cited by 16
Peterson, B. S., West, A. E., Weisz, J. R., Mack, W. J., Kipke, M. D., Findling, R. L., Mittman, B. S., Bansal, R., Piantadosi, S., Takata, G., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03314-y · Cited by 13
“Self-Efficacy NIH Toolbox Self-Efficacy [93] C,P 7–17 10 .”
Bernstein, R. M., Sánchez, N., Clark, E. L. M., Conte, I., Gulley, L. D., Legget, K. T., Cornier, M., Melby, C. L., Johnson, S. A., Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., et al. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101580 · Cited by 13
Guo, Y., Wu, H., Dong, D., Zhou, F., Li, Z., Zhao, L., & Long, Z. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100511 · Cited by 15
“The perceived stress scale in the NIH toolbox consists of 10 items to measure the degree of stress a person feels during the last month (Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodMulligan, J., Olivieri, H., Young, K., Lin, J., & Anthony, S. J. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00495-6 · Cited by 10
“The NIHSE has shown strong psychometric properties in the areas of dimensionality and precision of scores [22].”
MethodBlackwell, C. K., Sherlock, P., Jackson, K., Hofheimer, J. A., Cella, D. F., Algermissen, M., Alshawabkeh, A. N., Avalos, L. A., Bastain, T., Blair, C., et al. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001211 · Cited by 13
Self-citationKrok, D., Telka, E., & Zarzycka, B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159631 · Cited by 10
“The lack of moderation effects does not necessarily invalidate earlier cross-sectional findings, as it seems feasible that the previous studies described more correlational mechanisms in their samples, or that the relationships may change over time due to potential fluctuations in total pain experiences and ensuing st…”
ResultMount, K. B., Elliott, S. C., Hynan, L. S., Warren, B. A., & Jarrett, R. B. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05113-6 · Cited by 17
“, 2013), or defined by “a person’s self-report of adaptive capacity overload” (Kupst et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSalsman, J. M., Park, C. L., Hahn, E. A., Snyder, M. A., George, L. S., Steger, M. F., Merluzzi, T. V., & Cella, D. F. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1896-2 · Cited by 10
“Participants reviewed items from the NIH Toolbox’s Positive Affect, General Life Satisfaction, Meaning & Purpose, and General Self-Efficacy Item Banks [16, 22].”
MethodSelf-citationThe Relationship Between Personality Traits and Well-Being via Brain Functional Connectivity
Li, L., Li, L. M. W., Ma, J., Lu, A., & Dai, Z. (2023) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-023-00674-y · Cited by 12
Son, E. H., Wallen, G. R., Flynn, S. L., Yang, L., & Lee, L. J. (2023) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.6145 · Cited by 10
Subjective, neuropsychological, and neural markers of memory in older adults
Sheffler, J., Meynadasy, M. A., Taylor, D. T., Kiosses, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2021) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610221002623 · Cited by 13
“Perceived stress was measured using the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery (Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodWei, X., McKinlay, C. J. D., Harding, J. E., Wouldes, T. A., Rogers, J., Brown, G., & Franke, N. (2024) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2024.2447444 · Cited by 10
“Evidence of moderate quality from three studies (5,496 children) showed the NAf, PWB, SSE and SR are separate constructs, especially in older children (Supplementary Table S19) (Kupst et al., 2015; Paolillo et al., 2020; Salsman et al., 2013).”
Zhang, M., Ho, E., Nowinski, C. J., Fox, R. S., Aytürk, E., Karpouzian‐Rogers, T., Novack, M. A., Dodge, H. H., Weıntraub, S., & Gershon, R. C. (2023) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643231199806 · Cited by 11
“…good reliability (Cronbach α s ranging from .90 to .98 across scales) and acceptable convergent validity (correlation coef fi cients ranging from .60 to .92 across scales) among adult participants in prior literature (Kupst et al., 2015; Pilkonis et al., 2013; Salsman et al., 2013, 2014).”
Babakhanyan, I., Carlozzi, N. E., McKenna, B. S., Casaletto, K. B., Heinemann, A. W., & Heaton, R. K. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.05.024 · Cited by 9
Lo, S. L., Gearhardt, A. N., Fredericks, E. M., Katz, B., Sturza, J. S., Kaciroti, N., Gonzalez, R., Hunter, C. M., Sonneville, K. R., Chaudhry, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105157 · Cited by 10
Leininger, B. D., Evans, R., Greco, C. M., Hanson, L., Schulz, C. A., Schneider, M. H., Connett, J. E., Keefe, F. J., Glick, R. M., & Brønfort, G. (2025) · Chiropractic & Manual Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12998-025-00570-7 · Cited by 6
Cragoe, N. G., Sprowles, J. L. N., Eick, S. M., Harvey, L., Ramirez, X. R., Sugg, G. A., Morello-Frosch, R. A., Woodruff, T. J., & Schantz, S. L. (2025) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2025.107431 · Cited by 7
“Measures of perceived stress were harmonized by converting PSS scores to t-scores using the NIH toolbox method (Kupst et al., 2015).”
Kuzu, D., Kallen, M. A., & Kratz, A. L. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.10.002 · Cited by 8
Measurement Properties of Patient Reported Outcome Scales: A Systematic Review
Stallwood, E., Elsman, E. B. M., Monsour, A., Baba, A., Butcher, N. J., & Offringa, M. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-061489 · Cited by 7
Sun, J., Yao, K., Zhao, R., Li, H., & Cicchella, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1613384 · Cited by 7
Measures of Patient Activation and Self‐Efficacy
Hamilton, C. B., & LI, L. C. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24350 · Cited by 6
Adamowicz, J. L., Grant, A. D., Calvert, C., Elchert, D. M., Hadlandsmyth, K., Driscoll, M., Taylor, S. L., Allen, K. D., Taylor, B. C., & Burgess, D. J. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70125 · Cited by 5
“The NIH Toolbox Perceived Stress Survey (PSS) (Kupst et al. 2015) was used to assess perceived stress.”
InfluentialJelsma, E. B., Zhang, A., Goosby, B. J., & Cheadle, J. E. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14597 · Cited by 5
Berg, K. L., Mihaila, I., Feinstein, R. T., Shiu, C. A., Gussin, H. A., Acharya, K., Gladstone, T. R. G., Bernard, L., Best, M., Renz, E., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107374 · Cited by 5
Thornton, C. P., Perrin, N., Kozachik, S., Lukkahatai, N., & Ruble, K. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2022.0067 · Cited by 5
Palatnik, A., Saffian, E., Flynn, K. E., Pan, A., Yee, L. M., Basir, M., & Cruz, M. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107237 · Cited by 5
Liebe, R. A., Adams, L. M., Hedrick, V. E., Serrano, E. L., Porter, K., Cook, N. E., & Misyak, S. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.1078811 · Cited by 5
“Perceived stress over the past month was measured with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Perceived Stress—Adults tool (Kupst et al., 2015).”
MethodFeasibility of an Online Langerian Mindfulness Program for Stroke Survivors and Caregivers
Demers, M., Pagnini, F., Phillips, D., Chang, B., Winstein, C. J., & Langer, E. J. (2022) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/15394492221091266 · Cited by 5
“For caregivers, the self-reported measures were (a) World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF; World Health Organization, 2004), (b) HADS, (c) Zarit Burden Interview (Zarit et al., 1980), (d) PSS, and (e) SQS (see Supplementary Material for a description of each measure).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSomatosensation Differences in Older Adults with and Without Diabetes, and by Age Group
Kim, Y. J., Rogers, J. C., Kwok, G., et al. (2016) · Occupational Therapy In Health Care · doi:10.3109/07380577.2015.1136758 · Cited by 5
Geiger, S. D., Chandran, A., Churchill, M. L., Mansolf, M. A., Zhang, C., Musaad, S. M. A., Blackwell, C. K., Eick, S. M., Goin, D. E., Korrick, S., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-024-03542-4 · Cited by 5
Self-citationBurgess, D. J., Campbell, E. H., Branson, M., Calvert, C., Evans, R., Allen, K. D., Bangerter, A. K., Cross, L. J. S., Driscoll, M., Hennessy, S., et al. (2024) · Women s Health Reports · doi:10.1089/whr.2023.0086 · Cited by 8
A true score imputation method to account for psychometric measurement error.
Mansolf, M. A. (2023) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000578 · Cited by 4
Dworkin, J., Cai, Q., LeBouef, S., & Hruska, E. (2023) · Journal of Comparative Family Studies · doi:10.3138/jcfs.53.4.040 · Cited by 4
“Parental Stress Parent stress was measured using the 10-item NIH Toolbox – Perceived Stress Fixed Form Age 18+ (Version 2.0; Kupst et al., 2015), for example, “How often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?” Parents responded using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1= Never to 5=Very Oft…”
MethodInfluentialA True Score Imputation Method to Account for Psychometric Measurement ErrorPreprint
Mansolf, M. A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vzqys · Cited by 4
Multi-level health indicators as predictors of students’ subjective well-being experience
Korjova, E., Veselova, E. K., & Валерьевна, Р. О. (2022) · Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Psychology · doi:10.21638/spbu16.2022.405 · Cited by 4
Anderson, S. R., Witkin, J. E., Bolt, T., Llabre, M. M., Ashton-James, C. E., & Losin, E. A. R. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107766 · Cited by 5
“The Perceived Stress Survey is a CAT-administered measure of how unpredictable, uncontrollable and overloaded participants feel about their lives over the past month (Kupst et al., 2015).”
BackgroundGreywoode, R., Philippou, A., Ullman, T., & Keefer, L. (2025) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaf145 · Cited by 3
Kourmousi, N., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., Kalamatianos, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2025) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14060344 · Cited by 4
Psychological flexibility in art therapy: Practice-based research
Potash, J. S., Tripp, T., & Baxter, C. (2024) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2024.102244 · Cited by 2
Liebe, R. A., Holmes, C., & Misyak, S. A. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16101522 · Cited by 3
“The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Perceived Stress adults scale was used to assess perceived stress over the previous 30 days [34].”
MethodHu, Y., Russell, B. S., Wu, R., Adamsons, K. L., Horton, A. L., & Tambling, R. R. (2024) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x241236559 · Cited by 2
“Cronbach ’ s alpha reported from a sample of parents of children as young as eight years of age was acceptable ( α = .87; Kupst et al., 2015), as it was in the current sample ( α = .86 for baseline and .87 for follow-up).”
Yoo, H. J., Nashiro, K., Min, J., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.12.28.22283798 · Cited by 3
Thornton, C. P., Kozachik, S., & Ruble, K. (2022) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000599 · Cited by 4
“These instruments were chosen due to brevity, ease of completion, and established validity and reliability in children and adults (Hodes et al., 2013; Kupst et al., 2015; Victorson et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAkard, T. F., Davis, K. A., Hills, T., Lense, M. D., Kim, D., Webber, R., Dietrich, M. S., & Gilmer, M. J. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100765 · Cited by 3
Tan, K., Santacroce, S. J., Wood, W. A., Mayer, D. K., Junior, H. P. D. O. S., Mucha, P. J., Schwartz, T. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14742 · Cited by 3
“Reponses are summed for a total score; higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress (Kupst et al., 2015).”
BackgroundEick, S. M., Brennan, P. A., Buckley, J. P., Liang, D., Li, X., Karvonen, K. L., Cowell, W., Zhu, Y., Barrett, E. S., Peterson, A. K., et al. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127441 · Cited by 2
Cho, E., Gilmer, M. J., Dietrich, M. S., Bakitas, M. A., Carpenter, L. M., Hills, T., & Akard, T. F. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.10.002 · Cited by 2
Sheng, J., Heiney, S. P., Wickersham, K. E., Nguyen, L. A., Harrison, K. W., & Adams, S. A. (2025) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.70028 · Cited by 3
“30 The PSScontains10items,withresponsecategoriesrangingfromnever(1) toveryoften(5).”
The Spinal Cord Injury Self-Management Program: A Pilot
Kraus, B., & Wolf, T. (2024) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/15394492241271173 · Cited by 2
“Participants responded to the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale (Kupst et al., 2015), where higher scores ranging from 1 to 4 indicate increased feelings of self-efficacy.”
Mansolf, M. A., Blackwell, C. K., Lai, J., & Cella, D. F. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001256 · Cited by 2
Self-citationYerger, J., Cárdenas, E. F., Granros, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/10445463261459344 · Cited by 1
Desai, A., Rau, J., Samora, J., Mccormick, K., Rochani, H., Chang, P., Westphal, R. J., Watson, P. J., Benzer, J., Claborn, K., et al. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27343-y · Cited by 1
“…on well-being to include 1) social support (emotional and informational support, 2) burnout, 3) job-related affective well-being, 4) secondary traumatic stress, 5) coping strategies, 6) general self-efficacy to handle stressful situations, 7) work engagement, and 8) turnover intention [30–38].”
Alvarez-Ambrosio, M., Chausa, P., Moreno-Blanco, D., Roca‐Ventura, A., García, I. O., Cattaneo, G., González, P. S., Sánchez, J. S., & Gómez, E. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1710891 · Cited by 3
Mawson, C., Carroll, A. M., Evas, S., Spies, S. J., & Fuad, M. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18020342 · Cited by 1
“Scores on the PSS range from 0 to 40, with higher scores reflecting greater perceived stress [19,20].”
Ильинична, Г. Л., Balanova, Y. А., Shalnova, S. A., Ivlev, O. E., Kutsenko, V. A., Drozdova, L. Y., Ivanova, E. S., Васильевна, К. А., & Drapkina, O. M. (2025) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed20252812160 · Cited by 1
Modica, C. A., & Bailey, K. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2594151 · Cited by 1
“The 10-item PSS has evidenced both a two-factor structure (Franke F € oyen et al., 2024), and a one-factor structure (Kupst et al., 2015; Pretorius, 2023), and also invariance across gender (Lavoie & Douglas, 2012).”
InfluentialBrando, S. I. C. A., Goulart, V. D. L. R., Buchanan‐Smith, H. M., Rey, S., & Caes, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1677195 · Cited by 1
Ingram, K. M., Glock, R., Williamson, L., Coffey, A., Anctil, R., Augustinovic, A., Yang, D., Victorson, D. E., Schoemann, A. M., Liles, D., et al. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01728-z · Cited by 2
Self-citationMitro, S. D., Yang, W., Ferrara, A. M., Hedderson, M. M., Aung, M. T., Suthar, H., Raghunathan, R. S., Zhu, Y., Peterson, A. K., Reynolds, M., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122997 · Cited by 1
“We quantified perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) t-score (Kupst et al., 2015/09).”
Patient‐Reported Outcomes Among an Observational Cohort of Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain
Greco, C. M., Dodds, N. E., Acevedo, A. M., Anderst, W. J., Bell, K. M., Darwin, J., Delitto, A., Jakicic, J. M., McKernan, G., Patterson, C. G., et al. (2025) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.70097 · Cited by 1
“0 Pain Interference 4a is a component of the PROMIS 29 + 2 profile [17–23] that assesses pain interference with life activities over the past 7 days using four questions rated 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Very much).”
Markley, A. E., Stratton, K., Cho, G. Y., Schmidt, N. B., Suhr, J. A., Sheffler, J., Nguyen, C. C., Schubert, F. T., Quiles, J. R. G., Potter, M. R., et al. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.108044 · Cited by 1
Harnett, N. G., Joshi, S., Kumar, P., Russell, C. E., Dillon, D. G., Baker, J. T., Pizzagalli, D. A., Kaufman, M. L., Nickerson, L. D. H., Jahanshad, N., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.07.005 · Cited by 1
Swake, T. T., & Young, D. K. (2025) · Journal of Women s & Pelvic Health Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jwh.0000000000000339 · Cited by 1
White, K. P., Hewlings, S. J., Moseley, M., Moseley, M., D’Adamo, C. R., Colwell, C. S., Chen, J., & Pauli, E. K. (2025) · International Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.3390/ijtm5020023 · Cited by 1
Kuzu, D., & Kratz, A. L. (2025) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.04.022 · Cited by 1
Clary, L. K., Mendelson, T., Webb, L., Jackson, D. B., Vázquez, M. G., Holifield, J., Musci, R. J., Johnson, R. M., Sanchez, D., Jans, M., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094618 · Cited by 1
Pilot trial of a community-based transition support program for autistic adults
Brewe, A. M., & White, S. W. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251319884 · Cited by 3
“The GSES has strong internal consistency and convergent validity (Kupst et al., 2015; Salsman et al., 2019).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kupst, M. J., Butt, Z., Stoney, C. M., Griffith, J. W., Salsman, J. M., Folkman, S., & Cella, D.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kupst, Mary Jo
- Venue
- Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-02-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 531-544
- ISSN
- 1061-5806 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-2205
- PMC
- PMC4515370
- OpenAlex
- W2001288118
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Anxiety Stress & Coping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HHS-N-260-2006-00007-C)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- stress, self-efficacy, emotional well-being, Perceived Stress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, instrument development, psychometric properties, factor analysis, coping strategies, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, United States, Self Efficacy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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