Emotional Reactions During and After Trauma: A Comparison of Trauma Types
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Peri- and posttraumatic emotional responses have been understudied, and furthermore, have rarely been compared among trauma types. The current study compared college students' retrospective self-reports of peri- and posttraumatic responses of fear, shame, guilt, anger, and sadness among four types of traumatic events: sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accident, and illness/injury. Overall emotional responding was generally high for all trauma types, and for those in the sexual assault group, emotion increased sharply from the peri- to posttraumatic time-point. Generally, fear was higher during the trauma compared to after the trauma, whereas the other emotions tended to remain stable or increase posttrauma. The sexual assault group tended to report higher levels of posttrauma emotion than the other trauma type groups.
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Sexual assault is more likely than other traumas to produce specific emotional reactions, such as anger, guilt, and shame.
“sexual assault is more likely than other traumas to produce specific emotional reactions, such as anger, guilt, and shame (Amstadter & Vernon, 2008)”
From PTSD in the Year Following Sexual Assault: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies (2023) · cites this paper as Amstadter & Vernon, 2008
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Mental Pain and Suicidal Tendencies in Sexual and Physical Abuse Victims
Kremer, I., Orbach, I., & Rosenbloom, T. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2016.1175394 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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The Legacy of Shame following Childhood Sexual Abuse Disclosures
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Associations Between Women’s Experiences of Sexual Violence and Forgiveness
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Young Offenders, Maltreatment, and Trauma: A Pilot Study
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Women’s Experiences of Nature as a Pathway to Recovery From Sexual Assault
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Profiles of Peritraumatic Emotions
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Online Guided Imagery in Traumatic Memory Processing for At-Risk Complex PTSD Adults
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Posttraumatic Growth and Recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Evaluation of Trauma, Forgiveness, and Well‐Being Among African Americans
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Shame and the Psychosocial Costs of Contemporary Work: Implications for Career Intervention
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Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles vary by index trauma type in a trauma-exposed community sample
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Forensic medical examinations: The body as gateway to healing after child sexual abuse
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The impact of interpersonal early life trauma on cardio-metabolic health in post-9/11 veterans.
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- Authors
- Amstadter, A. B., & Vernon, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Auburn University (US)
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Amstadter, Ananda B.
- Venue
- Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-07-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 391-408
- ISSN
- 1092-6771 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-083X
- PMC
- PMC2800360
- OpenAlex
- W2097074021
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018869)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- trauma, sexual assault, physical assault, transport accidents, illness and injury, fear, shame, guilt, anger, sadness, university students
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