Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder
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In PTSD, the trauma and unconditioned fear response become associated with internal or environmental cues, which can trigger intrusive memories, flashbacks, physiological arousal, and avoidance.
“In PTSD, the trauma (i.e., an unconditioned stimulus) and the unconditioned fear response become associated with internal or environmental cues, which can themselves trigger intrusive memories, flashbacks, physiological arousal, and avoidance (Foa et al., 1989).”
From I've Seen Enough: Measuring the Toll of Content Moderation on Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as Foa et al., 1989
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- Authors
- Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Foa, Edna B.
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-176
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022148856
- Cited by
- 1,518
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 18.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, stimulus-response learning, fear conditioning, avoidance, rape victims, Vietnam War veterans, experimental neurosis, unpredictability, threat perception, fear reduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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