Cited by 147Arsenic contamination and mitigationEnvironmental remediation with nanomaterialsAdsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal

Appraisal of a simple arsenic removal method for ground water of Bangladesh

Khan, A. H., Rasul, S. B., Munir, A. K. M., Habibuddowla, M., Alauddin, M., Newaz, S.S., Hussam, A.·2000·Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

Abstract

A simple three‐pitcher (locally known as ‘3‐kalshi') filtration assembly made entirely from readily available local materials is tested for its efficacy in removing arsenic from the groundwater of Bangladesh. In a 3‐ kalshi assembly, the first kalshi has iron chips and coarse sand, the second kalshi has wood charcoal and fine sand, and the third kalshi is the collector for filtered water. About 240 L of arsenic contaminated groundwater and groundwater spiked with high concentrations of both As(III) and As(V) were filtered. Analytical measurements were performed by using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for trace level As(III) and As(total) and redox potential. Atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace and Zeeman background correction (AASGF‐Z) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) were used to validate measurements of arsenic and measure 24 other metals before and after filtration. Total Fe, ionic conductivity, Eh, pH, temperature and flow rates were measured at various stages of the filtration process. It has been shown that more toxic As(III) can be removed from 800 ppb to below the detection limit of 2 ppb. The As(total) can be removed to a concentration below 10 ppb for most samples even at the highest input concentration of 1100 ppb As(total). The dissolved iron concentration decreased from an average 6000 ppb to 200 ppb. Calculations based on compound formation and arsenic adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide show that, with a constant input of dissolved iron the arsenic removal capacity increases linearly with each filtration. Although the role of metallic iron was difficult to quantitate, it provided excess soluble iron in the filtering media of the second kalshi. The wood charcoal was used to remove any organic impurities that may be present in groundwater. The redox potential change shows speciation of iron in agreement with literature data. The decrease in conductivity by 35% of the original value indicates substantial removal of dissolved ions. This is also supported by ICPAES measurement. The filtered water remained crystal clear for months and free from most toxic metal ions. The daily capacity of the 3‐kalshi system varies from 42–148 L/day. The final water quality meets and exceeds the guideline values suggested by USEPA, World Health Organization and Bangladesh. We suggest the use of this simple setup to make potable water.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/10934520009377018

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Ferrihydrite, granular ferric hydroxide, and hydrous ferric oxide are the most widely explored iron oxides and hydroxides for removal of arsenic, yielding promising results for both AsIII and AsV removals.

    “Ferrihydrite, granular ferric hydroxide, and hydrous ferric oxide are the most widely explored iron oxides and hydroxides for the removal of As yielding promising results for both AsIII and AsV removals [174, 180–184].”

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Khan, A. H., Rasul, S. B., Munir, A. K. M., Habibuddowla, M., Alauddin, M., Newaz, S. S., & Hussam, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Dhaka (BD)
  • Wagner College (US)
  • George Mason University (US)
Venue
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Published
2000-08
Volume
35
Issue
7
Pages
1021-1041
ISSN
  • 1093-4529 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-4117
OpenAlex
W1976319634
Cited by
147
References
37
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • World Health Organization
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Keywords
arsenic removal, groundwater contamination, low-cost water treatment, iron adsorption, ferrihydrite, wood charcoal, dissolved iron, redox potential, arsenic speciation, drinking water quality, Bangladesh

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review