Cited by 252Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersVirology and Viral Diseases

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Autistic disorder and viral infections

Libbey, Jane, Sweeten, Thayne, McMahon, William, Fujinami, Robert·2005·Journal of NeuroVirology

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Abstract

Autistic disorder (autism) is a behaviorally defined developmental disorder with a wide range of behaviors. Although the etiology of autism is unknown, data suggest that autism results from multiple etiologies with both genetic and environmental contributions, which may explain the spectrum of behaviors seen in this disorder. One proposed etiology for autism is viral infection very early in development. The mechanism, by which viral infection may lead to autism, be it through direct infection of the central nervous system (CNS), through infection elsewhere in the body acting as a trigger for disease in the CNS, through alteration of the immune response of the mother or offspring, or through a combination of these, is not yet known. Animal models in which early viral infection results in behavioral changes later in life include the influenza virus model in pregnant mice and the Borna disease virus model in newborn Lewis rats. Many studies over the years have presented evidence both for and against the association of autism with various viral infections. The best association to date has been made between congenital rubella and autism; however, members of the herpes virus family may also have a role in autism. Recently, controversy has arisen as to the involvement of measles virus and/or the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine in the development of autism. Biological assays lend support to the association between measles virus or MMR and autism whereas epidemiologic studies show no association between MMR and autism. Further research is needed to clarify both the mechanisms whereby viral infection early in development may lead to autism and the possible involvement of the MMR vaccine in the development of autism.

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Authors: Libbey, J., Sweeten, T., McMahon, W., & Fujinami, R.
Affiliations: University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author: Fujinami, Robert
ORCID: Sweeten, Thayne
McMahon, William
Fujinami, Robert
Venue: Journal of NeuroVirology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-02-16
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-10
ISSN: 1355-0284 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/13550280590900553
OpenAlex: W2119855769
Cited by: 252
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 0.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of NeuroVirology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U19 HD/DC25476)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, viral infection, autism etiology, congenital rubella syndrome, measles virus, MMR vaccine, herpesvirus, influenza virus, Borna disease virus, maternal immune response, animal models of autism, central nervous system infection
MeSH terms: Animals, Autistic Disorder, Humans, Virus Diseases, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

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