Evaluating two group programmes of cognitive training in mild-to-moderate AD: is there any difference between a 'global' stimulation and a 'cognitive-specific' one?
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different group procedures of non-pharmacological treatment in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty-two patients entered the study and were divided in groups of four subjects. We compared recreational activities ('global' stimulation) with a combination of procedural memory training on activities of daily living and neuropsychological rehabilitation of 'residual' functions ('cognitive-specific'). All patients and caregivers were ensured psychological support. Both group treatments were delivered for six weeks. Multidimensional efficacy assessment of functional, behavioural and neuropsychological aspects was performed. Patients receiving 'global' stimulation showed a substantial reduction in behavioural disturbances (Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI]: frequency p = 0.034; severity p = 0.012); Revised Memory Behaviour Problems Checklist (frequency p = 0.008; reaction p = 0.027), and better performance in the Functional Living Skills Assessment (FLSA), a standardized direct measure of performance in everyday life (p = 0.021) and Verbal Fluency for Letters (p = 0.000). Patients receiving 'cognitive-specific' treatment improved only on the scale evaluating functional competence in daily living (Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients [NOSGER] p = 0.018). At follow-up (six months later), compared with baseline, patients following the 'global' stimulation treatment showed an improvement at caregiver distress on NPI (p = 0.04). No other significant difference was detected. Our results support the contention that a 'global' treatment can lead to a significant improvement in AD patients, both for behavioural and functional aspects. The 'cognitive-specific' treatment we used in this research did not show better efficacy.
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Multidimensional Stimulation Therapy was more effective than a cognitive-specific intervention in improving both behavioral and functional outcomes in AD patients.
“An Italian group developed the Multidimensional Stimulation Therapy (MST), a multidimensional approach that combined cognitive stimulation, recreational activities, OT and physical exercises, and demonstrated that MST was more effective than a cognitive-specific intervention in improving both behavioral and functional outcomes in AD patients (167, 168).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [167]
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“Stimulation Therapy (MST), a multidimensional approach that combined cognitive stimulation, recreational activities, OT and physical exercises, and demonstrated that MST was more effective than a cognitive-specific intervention in improving both behavioral and functional outcomes in AD patients (167, 168).”
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- Authors
- Farina, E., Mantovani, F., Fioravanti, R., Pignatti, R., Chiavari, L., Imbornone, E., Olivotto, F., Alberoni, M., Mariani, C., & Nemni, R.
- Affiliations
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation (IT)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Farina, E.
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-05-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-218
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W2038759435
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, mild to moderate dementia, recreational activities, activities of daily living, neuropsychological rehabilitation, behavioral problems, functional competence, caregiver distress, non-pharmacological treatment, verbal fluency
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Italy, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Recreation, Severity of Illness Index, Program Evaluation, Geriatric Assessment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Caregivers
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