Cited by 34Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

DRD4 genotype moderates the impact of parental problems on unresolved loss or trauma

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Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Caspers, Kristin, Philibert, Robert·2011·Attachment & Human Development

Abstract

In the current study we tested whether the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genotype moderates the association of experienced parental problems during childhood (e.g., parental depression, marital discord) with unresolved loss or trauma during the Adult Attachment Interview. To test the specificity of this moderation the role of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) was also examined. Subjects were 124 adopted adults (mean age 39 years). Participants with the DRD4-7 repeat (7R) allele who experienced parental problems had the highest scores for unresolved loss or trauma whereas participants with DRD4-7R who did not experience parental problems showed the lowest ratings. Among participants without DRD4-7R, the parental problems during childhood did not make a difference. 5-HTTLPR did not moderate the relation between parental problems and unresolved loss or trauma. Our study shows heightened susceptibility to environmental influences for carriers of the DRD4-7R allele, and suggests that the interplay between specific dopamine-related genes and family contexts leads to more or less successful coping with adverse childhood experiences.

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Crossref · 10.1080/14616734.2011.562415

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  • The same genetic/epigenetic modification may impact differently on different traits in one individual.

    “The same genetic/epigenetic modification may impact differently on different traits in one individual.”

    From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [245]

    The Results (Multivariate Analysis; page unavailable) show that the DRD4-by-parental-problems interaction was associated with unresolved loss or trauma but did not significantly predict depression in the same participants. This supports a trait-specific genetic effect, but the Discussion says methylation was not assessed, so the epigenetic part is not supported by this study. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Caspers, K., & Philibert, R.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University
  • University of Iowa (US)
Venue
Attachment & Human Development
Published
2011-04-18
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
253-269
ISSN
  • 1461-6734 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2988
OpenAlex
W2169278741
Cited by
34
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Attachment & Human Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA005821, R01DA05821, R01DA015789)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
DRD4 gene, dopamine D4 receptor, parental problems, unresolved loss, unresolved trauma, Adult Attachment Interview, 5-HTTLPR, serotonin transporter, gene-environment interaction, childhood adversity, parental depression, marital conflict, adopted adults, attachment
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Separation, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parents, United States, Parenting, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptors, Dopamine D4

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