Outdoor adventures and adolescents’ mental health: daily screen time as a moderator of changes
Abstract
Research provided ample evidence that excessive screen time (ST) in adolescence has detrimental effects on psychosocial health. This paper argues that structured outdoor programs can serve as an antidote to negative health impacts of exaggerated ST. For youth with a high level of regular ST, outdoor adventures imply a break with their ‘normal’ (mediatized) lifestyle, so that greater progress in mental health can potentially arise. This hypothesis is tested in a sample of adolescents, who took part in a 10-day outdoor program. Pre-to-post program mean comparisons for stress, hedonic balance and life satisfaction show significant positive changes. However, benefits of the program are markedly greater among youths with a high level of daily ST compared to youths with low-to-moderate levels.
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The psychological benefits gained from an outdoor adventure program were moderated by adolescents' typical daily screen time, with larger effect sizes for high ST users, suggesting they may have reaped greater benefits.
“The study found that the psychological benefits gained from the outdoor adventure program were moderated by adolescents’ reported level of typical daily screen time (high (>3 hours/day) or low/moderate (≤3 hours/day)). Participation in the outdoor adventure program resulted in improved mental health across a range of measures for both low/moderate and high ST users but effect sizes were larger for”
From Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as [244]
Fourteen studies identified in this systematic scoping review measured both ST and GT.
“Fourteen studies identified in this systematic scoping review measured both ST and GT [234–238, 242–250].”
From Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as [244]
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Ingman, B. C. (2019) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2019.1697714 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Silva, A. L., Neiva, J., & Gonçalves, M. (2023) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2023.0009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Puhakka, R. (2025) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2025.2493833 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Leisure Activity Type and Sustainable Health Status in Late Adolescents
Ayhan, C., Gümüş, H., Marcén, C., & ÇAĞLAYAN, B. (2023) · İnsan ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.53048/johass.1372057 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vom Erlebnis zum Ergebnis: Zur Wirkungsweise abenteuer- und erlebnispädagogischer Jugendfreizeiten
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Self-citationCardiopulmonary Benefits of Exercise in Adolescents
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Nature Based Interventions for Human Health and Wellbeing
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- Authors
- Mutz, M., Müller, J., & Göring, A.
- Affiliations
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mutz, Michael
- Venue
- Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-08-23
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-66
- ISSN
- 1472-9679 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-0402
- OpenAlex
- W2888555990
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Outdoor and Experiential Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- screen time, adolescents, mental health, outdoor programs, outdoor adventure, stress, life satisfaction, moderation, media use, nature-based interventions
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